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Automatic earthquake detection and phase picking in Muong Te, Lai Chau region: an application of machine learning in observational seismology in Vietnam 越南Muong Te, Lai Chau地区的自动地震探测和相位采集:机器学习在观测地震学中的应用
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17253
Nghia Nguyen Cong, Duong Nguyen Van, Giang Ha Thi, Van Dinh Quoc, Minh Nguyen Le, Bor‐Shouh Huang, Truyen Pham The, Hung Nguyen Tien, Khoi Le Quang, Hung Nguyen Huu
We applied the automatic detection and picking of P- and S-wave to one-year continuous raw seismic data from 17 seismic stations in the Muong Te area, northwestern Vietnam. The deep learning picker, Earthquake Transformer, has performed automatic picking of P- and S-waves, and phase association, then we located the earthquakes using Hypoinverse and NonLinLoc programs. The newly derived catalog consisted of 893 events, which is significantly higher than the number of events in the manual catalog. From this new catalog, we can observe more earthquakes related to the Muong Te ML 4.9 earthquake on June 16, 2020, and the earthquake activity in other faults such as the Dien Bien Phu and Muong Nhe faults. The extended catalog can further study the seismogenesis and the seismic velocity structure of the crust beneath northwestern Vietnam.
我们将P波和S波的自动探测和拾取应用于越南西北部孟德地区17个地震站的一年连续原始地震数据。深度学习选择器“地震变换器”执行了P波和S波的自动拾取以及相位关联,然后我们使用Hypoinverse和NonLinLoc程序定位地震。新派生的目录由893个事件组成,大大高于手动目录中的事件数量。从这个新的目录中,我们可以观察到更多与2020年6月16日Muong Te ML 4.9地震有关的地震,以及奠边府和Muong Nhe断层等其他断层的地震活动。扩展目录可以进一步研究越南西北部以下地壳的地震成因和地震速度结构。
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引用次数: 1
Upgrading the Vietnam semi-quantitative soil classification system 升级越南半定量土壤分类系统
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-28 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17245
Tuan Nguyen Thanh, Duc Ho Quang, Bat Le Thai, Tuan Le Anh, Chien Nguyen Quyet, Trung Lai Quang, Stanslaus Kikuvi Kyenze, Chi Tran Thuy
A quantitative soil classification system (SCS) has been the aim of generations of Vietnam soil scientists. The SCS is a system of harmonizing the traditional Vietnam SCSs and creating a capability for international exchange. Up to now, there are three partially developed Vietnam official SCSs and three Vietnam semi-quantitative ones. This article aims to upgrade the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS based on Vietnam's traditional pedogenetic (qualitative) and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources in 2014 (quantitative). For this purpose, a study was conducted to compare and analyze the correlation between the published Vietnam semi-quantitative SCSs and the official ones. Six SCSs were compared and analyzed. The results show that the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS-2006 was selected to continue adapting and updating. Apart from the necessary adjustments, the study added 12 diagnostic horizons, 4 diagnostic properties, 2 diagnostic materials, 2 soil groups, 11 soil types, and 37 soil sub-types in the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS-2006. Finally, the Vietnam semi-quantitative SCS includes 25 soil groups, 86 soil types, 492 soil sub-types with 30 diagnostic horizons, 7 diagnostic properties, 6 diagnostic materials, 58 qualifiers, and 9 criteria for defining soil varieties. The system keeps the traditional aspects of Vietnam's official SCSs and allows the exchange of international soil information.
建立定量土壤分类系统(SCS)一直是越南土壤科学家的奋斗目标。南海是一个协调越南传统南海和创造国际交流能力的系统。到目前为止,越南有三个部分开发的官方社会保障体系和三个半量化的越南社会保障体系。本文旨在以越南传统的土壤成因(定性)和2014年世界土壤资源参考基础(定量)为基础,对越南半定量的土壤资源SCS进行升级。为此,我们进行了一项研究,比较和分析越南公布的半定量社会责任量表与官方社会责任量表之间的相关性。对6种SCSs进行比较分析。结果表明,选择越南半定量的SCS-2006继续适应和更新。除了必要的调整外,本研究还在越南半定量SCS-2006中增加了12个诊断层、4个诊断性质、2个诊断材料、2个土壤类群、11个土壤类型和37个土壤亚型。最后,越南半定量SCS包括25个土壤类群,86个土壤类型,492个土壤亚型,30个诊断层,7个诊断性质,6个诊断材料,58个限定条件和9个土壤品种定义标准。该系统保留了越南官方生态系统的传统方面,并允许交换国际土壤信息。
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引用次数: 3
Development and application of hybrid artificial intelligence models for groundwater potential mapping and assessment 地下水潜力填图与评价的混合人工智能模型开发与应用
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-06-24 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17240
Duong Hai Ha, Huong Thi Thanh Ngo, Phong Tran Van, Dam Nguyen Duc, Mohammadtaghi Avand, Duy Nguyen Huu, M. Amiri, Hiep Van Le, Indra Prakash, Pham Binh Thai
Groundwater potential assessment is essential for optimum utilization and recharge of groundwater resources for the proper development and management of an area. The main aim of this study is to develop an accurate groundwater potential map of the Dak Nong Province (Vietnam) using hybrid artificial intelligence models, which are a combination of Random Forest (RF) and its Ensemble Framework (AdaBoost - ABRF, Bagging - BRF and LogitBoost - LBRF). In this study, twelve conditioning factors, namely topography (aspect, elevation, Topographic Wetness Index - TWI, slope, and curvature), hydrology (infiltration and river density, rainfall, Sediment Transport Index - STI, Stream Power Index - SPI), land use, and soil were used to develop the models. Well, yield data was also utilized to develop and validate potential groundwater zones. One Rule (R) feature selection method was utilized to prioritize the importance of groundwater potential affecting parameters. The results indicated that the Average Merit (AM) of the rainfall factor was the highest (68.039), and river density was the lowest (53,969). Performance evaluation of ML models was done using standard statistical indicators, including Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The results showed that all the four models performed well in the training (AUC ≥ 0.967) and testing (AUC ≥ 0.734) phases, but the performance of the ABRF (AUC=0.992) model is the best in the training phase, whereas LBRF is the best in the testing phase (AUC=0.776). The present model study would be helpful in the proper groundwater potential assessment and management of groundwater resources for sustainable development.  
地下水潜力评估对于地下水资源的最佳利用和补给,对一个地区的适当开发和管理至关重要。本研究的主要目的是使用混合人工智能模型开发准确的越南大农省地下水潜力图,该模型是随机森林(RF)及其集成框架(AdaBoost-ABRF、Bagging-BRF和LogitBoost-LBRF)的组合。在这项研究中,使用了12个条件因素,即地形(纵横比、海拔、地形湿度指数-TVI、坡度和曲率)、水文(渗透和河流密度、降雨量、沉积物传输指数-STI、水流功率指数-SPI)、土地利用和土壤来开发模型。产量数据也被用于开发和验证潜在的地下水区域。利用一条规则(R)特征选择方法对地下水潜力影响参数的重要性进行优先级排序。结果表明,降雨因子的平均Merit(AM)最高(68.039),河流密度最低(53969)。ML模型的性能评估使用标准统计指标进行,包括受试者工作特征下面积(ROC)曲线(AUC)。结果表明,四个模型在训练(AUC≥0.967)和测试(AUC≤0.734)阶段都表现良好,但ABRF(AUC=0.992)模型在训练阶段的表现最好,而LBRF在测试阶段是最好的(AUC=0.76)。本模型研究将有助于正确评估地下水潜力和管理地下水资源以促进可持续发展。
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引用次数: 3
Classification and mapping of marine-island landscape in Nam Yet Island, Truong Sa Islands, Vietnam 越南长沙群岛南岛海岛景观的分类与制图
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17178
Hoi Nguyen Dang, Dung Ngo Trung, A. Kuznetsov, Phuong Vu Le
Classification and mapping of marine-island landscapes according to an integrated approach not only clarifies the structure and division of natural units of the sea areas but also creates a basis for the orientation of natural resource management resources, environmental protection, and conservation of marine-island biodiversity. The principles of marine-island landscape mapping are to define terminology and establish a classification system based on taxonomy and criteria. This article represents the establishment of marine-island landscape mapping of Nam Yet Island and adjacent water (scaled at 1:10000) through comprehensive work, including marine-island landscape classification, applied GIS - remote sensing, and field investigation in the two years of 2020-2021. Accordingly, the landscape classification system of the Nam Yet Island area includes 1 system, 1 subsystem, 4 classes, 6 subclasses, 10 types, 29 kinds, and 34 forms of landscape (of which 4 island forms and 30 marine forms). The units of the marine-island landscape fully express the natural components, anthropogenic factors, and biotic and abiotic factors in their relationship and interaction with each other. Depending on each corresponding level, the detailed level of components and landscape elements is shown, in which components and biological factors are studied and analyzed most fully. The research results have clarified the characteristics and the law of differentiation of the marine-island landscape in Nam Yet Island, contributing to supplementing knowledge about Truong Sa Islands of Vietnam, which is a scientific basis for resource management and biodiversity conservation, protecting the marine environment, and at the same time supplementing the theoretical basis for the study of the tropical monsoon tropical island and marine landscape, which has not yet been studied in Vietnam.
综合方法对海岛景观进行分类和制图,不仅明确了海域自然单元的结构和划分,而且为自然资源管理、资源保护和海岛生物多样性养护的定位提供了依据。海岛景观制图的原则是定义术语,建立基于分类学和标准的分类体系。本文拟在2020-2021年两年内,通过海岛景观分类、应用GIS -遥感、实地调查等综合工作,建立南野岛及邻近海域(1:10000比例尺)海岛景观制图。据此,南野岛地区景观分类体系包括1个系统、1个子系统、4个类、6个亚类、10个类型、29个种类、34个景观形态(其中海岛形态4个、海洋形态30个)。海岛景观的单元充分表达了自然成分、人为因素、生物和非生物因素之间的相互关系和相互作用。在每一个相应的层次上,都显示了组成部分和景观要素的详细层次,其中对组成部分和生物因素的研究和分析最为充分。研究结果明确了南野岛海岛景观的特征和分化规律,有助于补充对越南长沙群岛的认识,为资源管理和生物多样性保护、保护海洋环境提供科学依据,同时为热带季风热带岛屿和海洋景观的研究补充理论依据。这在越南还没有被研究过。
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引用次数: 1
Estimation of ultimate bearing capacity of bored piles using machine learning models 基于机器学习模型的钻孔灌注桩极限承载力估算
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17177
Binh Thai Pham, Dam Duc Nguyen, Quynh-Anh Bui Thi, Manh Duc Nguyen, Thanh Tien Vu, Indra Prakash
The ultimate bearing capacity of bored piles is an essential parameter in foundation design of structure. In the present study, three Machine Learning (ML) methods namely Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) were utilized to estimate bearing capacity of bored piles based on limited engineering parameters of pile and soil obtained from 75 test sites in Vietnam. These parameters include pile diameter, pile length, tensile strength of main longitudinal steel bar, compressive strength of concrete, average SPT index at the tip of the pile, average SPT index at the pile body. Validation of the methods was verified using standard statistical metrics namely Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Correlation coefficient (R). The results show that all the proposed models have good potential in predicting correctly bearing capacity of bored piles on training data (R>0.93) and on testing data (R>0.88) but performance of the SVM model is the best (R:0.985 (training) and R:0.958 (testing). Thus SVM model can be used for the accurate prediction of ultimate bearing capacity of bored piles for proper designing of the civil engineering structure foundation.
钻孔灌注桩的极限承载力是结构基础设计中的一个重要参数。本文采用自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)、支持向量机(SVM)和人工神经网络(ANN)三种机器学习(ML)方法,基于越南75个试验点的有限桩土工程参数,对钻孔灌注桩的承载力进行了估计。这些参数包括桩径、桩长、主纵钢筋抗拉强度、混凝土抗压强度、桩端平均SPT指数、桩身平均SPT指数。采用标准统计指标均方根误差(RMSE)和相关系数(R)验证了方法的有效性。结果表明,所提出的模型在训练数据(R>0.93)和测试数据(R>0.88)上都有很好的预测钻孔灌注桩承载力的潜力,但SVM模型的性能最好(R:0.985(训练)和R:0.958(测试))。利用支持向量机模型可以准确预测钻孔灌注桩的极限承载力,为土木工程结构基础的合理设计提供依据。
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引用次数: 3
A combined approach for sustainable use of mountainous agricultural land: land suitability evaluation and ecological-economic model 山地农用地可持续利用的综合方法:土地适宜性评价与生态经济模型
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-05-11 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17118
Ngoc Hoang Thi Huyen, Ha Nguyen Manh, Dung Bui Quang
In the quest for poverty reduction, developing sustainable agriculture and stabilizing cultivation areas for specialty plants can be substantially improved by a new approach, which combines land suitability assessment and designs of ecological-economic models. The land suitability was assessed according to the FAO framework and the Vietnamese standard TCVN-8409:2012. The criteria were grouped in the parameters of climate, topography, and soil physicochemical properties. The seven land utilization types selected for analysis included orange, banana, tea, turmeric, cinnamon, chinaberry, and chukrasia in mountainous regions of Thanh Hoa and Nghe An Provinces, Vietnam. The results showed that the most suitable lands (S1) for cultivating these crops were 169.916 ha for orange, 201.166 ha for banana, 107.636 ha for tea, and 570.744 ha for turmeric, 233.987 ha for cinnamon, 633.306 ha for chinaberry, and 280.704 ha for chukrasia. Based on that foundation, the study designed three ecological models with economic efficiency and elaborated on six formations of the models. The analyses obtained from the research also allowed the proposal of six prioritized spaces for land use and environmental protection, which were illustrated on a 1:100,000 map of proposed agricultural land use. Therefore, this study provided a detailed and reliable approach for researchers and managers in agricultural land use planning. A proper procedure for the assessment of agricultural land in mountainous areas can be suggested from this research.
结合土地适宜性评价和生态经济模型设计的新方法,可以大大改善发展可持续农业和稳定特色植物种植面积的贫困追求。根据FAO框架和越南标准TCVN-8409:2012进行土地适宜性评价。这些标准按气候、地形和土壤理化性质参数分组。选取了越南清化省和义安省山区的柑橘、香蕉、茶叶、姜黄、桂皮、中国莓和苦楝等7种土地利用类型进行分析。结果表明,这些作物的最适宜种植面积(S1)分别为:柑桔169.916 ha、香蕉201.166 ha、茶叶107.636 ha、姜黄570.744 ha、桂皮233.987 ha、樱桃633.306 ha、猕猴桃280.704 ha。在此基础上,设计了三种具有经济效率的生态模型,并阐述了模型的六种形态。从研究中获得的分析还允许提出六个土地利用和环境保护的优先空间,并在1:10万的拟议农业用地地图上加以说明。因此,本研究为农业土地利用规划的研究人员和管理者提供了详细可靠的方法。本文的研究为山区农用地的合理评价提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 1
Rooftop rainwater harvesting and artificial roundwater recharge - a case study: Thanh Xuan district in south of Hanoi 屋顶雨水收集和人工循环水补给——以河内南部的Thanhuan区为例
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-21 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17081
Luu Tran Thi, Hiền Nguyễn Thị Thu
Groundwater over-exploitation in the south of Hanoi has formed depression cones and accelerated land subsidence. Thanh Xuan district is one of the most suffered areas in the south of Hanoi. Artificial groundwater recharge (AGR) is an effective solution to mitigate those negative impacts. This study aims to evaluate the potential of rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRH) for AGR in the Thanh Xuan district. The prospect of RRH for the study area is estimated based on the average annual rainfall for the period 2008-2018 and the total rooftop area of selected buildings. The rooftop area is determined by analyzing satellite images and using the built-in tool in Google Earth. Field site investigation and measurements confirmed this estimation. Rainwater samples were taken for quality assessment. This assessment was conducted by measuring pH, EC, TDS, turbidity of rainwater in the field and analyzing NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, SO42- and Cl- contents in the laboratory. Moreover, to propose an effective AGR system, the maximum harvested rainwater and the recharge capacity of an injection well were estimated for the Golden Land building. The results show that 397 selected buildings can be used to collect rainwater. The total rooftop area of these 397 buildings is 262,645.8 m2, and that can contain 385,930.5 m3 of rainwater a year. The field measurement and analysis results indicate that rainwater quality meets the current standards appropriate for AGR. The AGR using rooftop rainwater will contribute to increasing groundwater level, reducing land subsidence, and mitigating urban flooding for Thanh Xuan and similar areas.
河内南部地下水的过度开采形成了凹陷锥,加速了地面沉降。清玄区是河内南部受灾最严重的地区之一。人工地下水补给(AGR)是缓解这些负面影响的有效解决方案。本研究旨在评估Thanh Xuan地区AGR屋顶雨水收集(RRH)的潜力。研究区域RRH的前景是根据2008-2018年期间的平均年降雨量和选定建筑物的屋顶总面积进行估计的。屋顶面积是通过分析卫星图像并使用谷歌地球中的内置工具来确定的。现场调查和测量证实了这一估计。采集雨水样本进行质量评估。该评估通过测量现场雨水的pH、EC、TDS和浊度进行,并在实验室中分析NO3-、NO2-、PO43-、SO42-和Cl-含量。此外,为了提出一个有效的AGR系统,对Golden Land大楼的最大雨水收集量和注入井的补给能力进行了估算。结果表明,选定的397栋建筑可用于收集雨水。这397栋建筑的屋顶总面积为262645.8平方米,每年可容纳385930.5立方米的雨水。现场测量和分析结果表明,雨水质量符合现行AGR标准。使用屋顶雨水的AGR将有助于提高地下水位,减少地面沉降,并缓解Thanh Xuan和类似地区的城市洪水。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of subsurface lineaments in the Hoang Sa islands using enhanced methods of gravity total horizontal gradient 用重力总水平梯度增强法测定黄沙群岛地下轮廓
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-22 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17013
Luan Pham Thanh, E. Oksum, O. Kafadar, Trinh Phan Trong, Dat Nguyen Viet, Quynh Vo Thanh, Sang Le Thi
The Hoang Sa islands, located in the northern part of the East Vietnam Sea, lack information on geological structural boundaries. The gravity data from the global marine gravity model were analyzed using the enhanced total horizontal gradient methods to delineate geological structures that appear as lineaments on the transformed gravity anomaly maps of the area. Before applying the techniques to gravity data of the Hoang Sa islands, their effectiveness was demonstrated by comparing them with the results from the total horizontal gradient method for a synthetic model. Applying the enhanced horizontal gradient methods shows that most of the lineaments identified in the Hoang Sa islands are trending in the WSW-ENE, NE-SW, E-W, WNW-ESE and NNW-SSE directions. These results provide a better understanding of the subsurface structural features of the islands.
黄沙群岛位于东越南海北部,缺乏地质构造边界的信息。利用增强的总水平梯度法对全球海洋重力模型的重力数据进行分析,圈定了在转换后的重力异常图上呈现为线状的地质构造。在将该技术应用于黄沙群岛重力数据之前,通过将其与综合模型的总水平梯度方法的结果进行比较,证明了其有效性。应用增强水平梯度方法分析发现,黄沙群岛的大部分地貌走向为WSW-ENE、NE-SW、E-W、WNW-ESE和NNW-SSE方向。这些结果有助于更好地了解这些岛屿的地下构造特征。
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引用次数: 21
Site classification of seismic recording stations of Garhwal region of earthquake early warning system for Uttarakhand, India 印度北阿坎德邦地震预警系统加尔瓦尔地区地震记录台站站点分类
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-22 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17010
Pankaj Kumar, Bhavesh Pandey, Kamal, Ashok Kumar
Site classification is vital to carry out seismic hazard analysis of a region and get the damage patterns caused by earthquakes. In the present study, the ground motion of earthquakes recorded from 2015 to 2019 at 84 sites of the seismic network array of Earthquake Early Warning System for Uttarakhand are analyzed for site classification purposes. The predominant period from the mean horizontal to vertical spectral ratio curves was estimated. The classification schemes devised by Japan Road Association and National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program are applied to classify the sites. Along with this, two other site classification indexes schemes are also applied for classification purposes. Data winnowing techniques are used over the ground motion records to pick out desirable quality records. Conclusively, the site class with the highest recurrence rate amongst the used methods is selected as the final class for that particular site. The effect of magnitude, distance and depth on horizontal to vertical spectral ratio are described and concluded that these factors do not significantly affect the ratio curves. The average horizontal to vertical spectral ratio curves obtained for all the sites matches well with the existing literature. The classification of a few sites are verified from the classification done by other methods in recent studies. It is evident from the results that the classification done in this study matches well with them.
场地分类是进行区域地震危险性分析和获得地震破坏模式的重要手段。在本研究中,分析了北阿坎德邦地震预警系统地震台网阵列84个站点2015年至2019年记录的地震地面运动,以进行站点分类。估计了平均水平和垂直谱比曲线的优势周期。采用日本道路协会和国家减少地震灾害计划制定的分类方案对遗址进行分类。与此同时,另外两个站点分类索引方案也被应用于分类目的。对地面运动记录采用数据筛选技术,挑选出质量理想的记录。最后,在所使用的方法中,选择复发率最高的位点类别作为该特定位点的最终类别。描述了震级、距离和深度对纵横谱比的影响,得出这些因素对纵横谱比曲线的影响不显著的结论。得到的平均水平与垂直光谱比曲线与已有文献吻合较好。本文对少数遗址的分类与近年来其他方法的分类相比较,得到了验证。从结果可以明显看出,本研究所做的分类与他们吻合得很好。
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引用次数: 1
Petrology of the Permian-Triassic granitoids in Northwest Vietnam and their relation to the amalgamation of the Indochina and Sino-Vietnam composite terranes
IF 1.5 Q2 Earth and Planetary Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/17002
Anh Tran Tuan, Hoa Tran Trong, Can Pham Ngoc, Gregory Shellnutt J., Thuy Pham T., Andrey Izokh E., Lien Pham Thi Phuong
Granitoids from seven massifs in northwest Vietnam, including I-type granites (Nam Meng, Nam Rom, and Song Ma massifs) and S-type granites (Pu Si Lung, Kim Boi, Muong Lat, and Sam Son massifs) that distributed along the Dien Bien-Song Ma fault at the northern part of Truong Son Fold Belt, were studied to understand the mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry, Nd-Sr isotopes, and U-Pb zircon geochronology. The I-type granitoid rocks vary from gabbro diorite to diorite and granodiorite to granite (SiO2 = 52.4 - 71.1 wt.%) and from calc-alkaline to high K calc-alkaline to shoshonite (Nam Rom massif) series. Biotite in the I-type granitoid rocks has high Mg, intermediate to high Ti, and low Al (Phl-0.43 - Sid-0.29 - Ann-0.28); amphibole is edenite (Nam Rom massif) and ferro-edenite (Song Ma massif). The ASI varies from 0.64 to 1.14 (metaluminous); K/Na = 0.1-0.7; ratios of K/Rb, Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba varies from 179-334, 0.40-3.50, and 0.16-0.38; [La/Sm]N, [La/Yb]N and [Gd/Yb]N are varies within 1.08-4.92, 1.57-27.3, and 1.07-3.72, respectively. Their 87Sr/86Sr and ƐNd(t) are highly enriched, respectively, from 0.7072 to 0.7319 and -12.2 to -6.67. The I-type granitoid rocks may be mixtures between mantle-derived and crustal components based on geochemical characteristics. In contrast, the Nam Meng magma was mantle-dominated, and the Nam Rom and Song Ma magmas were crustal-dominated. The S-type granitoid rocks include biotite granite and two-mica granite (SiO2 = 68.9-73.0 wt.%), varying from high K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series. The S-type granitoid rocks are distinct from the I-type granitoid rocks by sillimanite, cordierite, and muscovite. Biotite in the S-type granitoid rocks has high Ti and Al and low Mg. The mineral was partially replaced by muscovite. The ASI varies from 1.1 to 1.85 (peraluminous); K/Rb, Rb/Sr, and Rb/Ba vary within 161-188, 0.37-3.50, and 0.15-0.98; [La/Sm]N, [La/Yb]N and [Gd/Yb]N vary within 2.28-3.90, 5.93-16.8, and 1.72-2.93, respectively. The S-type granitoid rocks also have high 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.7227-0.7335) and low ƐNd(t) (-12.4 to -9.8) with TDM = 2.11-2.71 billion years, indicating a mature crust protolith. The in situ zircon U-Pb ages of the I-type granites are 289-296 Ma (Nam Meng massif) and 245-225 Ma (Nam Rom and Song Ma massifs), while those of the S-type granitoid rocks (Kim Boi and Muong Lat massifs) are 242-235 Ma. The above data suggest that the Indochina and Sino-Vietnam composite terranes produced the Permian-Triassic granitoid rocks in northwest Vietnam. The convergence had led to subduction activity forming Nam Meng granitoid, syn-collision activity forming Kim Boi, Muong Lat, and Sam Son massifs, and ended with post-collision activity forming Nam Rom and Song Ma massifs.
摘要研究了越南西北部沿崇山褶皱带北部奠边-松马断裂带分布的i型花岗岩(Nam孟、Nam Rom和Song Ma地块)和s型花岗岩(Pu Si Lung、Kim Boi、Muong Lat和Sam Son地块)的花岗岩矿物学、全岩地球化学、Nd-Sr同位素和U-Pb锆石年代学。i型花岗质岩石由辉长闪长岩-闪长岩、花岗闪长岩-花岗岩组成(SiO2 = 52.4 ~ 71.1 wt.%),由钙碱性-高钾钙碱性-苏顺石(南罗地块)系列。i型花岗岩中的黑云母具有高Mg、中高Ti、低Al的特征(ph -0.43 - Sid-0.29 - Ann-0.28);角闪孔为铁长晶石(南隆地块)和铁长晶石(松马地块)。ASI从0.64到1.14不等(含金属);K/Na = 0.1-0.7;K/Rb、Rb/Sr和Rb/Ba比值分别为179 ~ 334、0.40 ~ 3.50和0.16 ~ 0.38;[La/Sm]N、[La/Yb]N和[Gd/Yb]N的变化范围分别为1.08 ~ 4.92、1.57 ~ 27.3和1.07 ~ 3.72。87Sr/86Sr和ƐNd(t)富集范围分别为0.7072 ~ 0.7319和-12.2 ~ -6.67。从地球化学特征看,i型花岗岩可能是幔源成分与地壳成分的混合。南孟岩浆以地幔为主,南Rom岩浆和宋岩浆以地壳为主。s型花岗岩类岩石包括黑云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩(SiO2 = 68.9 ~ 73.0 wt.%),由高钾钙碱性到高钾顺石系列不等。s型花岗岩与i型花岗岩的区别在于硅线石、堇青石和白云母。s型花岗岩中的黑云母具有高钛、高铝、低镁的特征。这种矿物部分被白云母取代。ASI从1.1到1.85不等(过铝);K/Rb、Rb/Sr和Rb/Ba的变化范围分别为161 ~ 188、0.37 ~ 3.50和0.15 ~ 0.98;[La/Sm]N、[La/Yb]N和[Gd/Yb]N的变化范围分别为2.28 ~ 3.90、5.93 ~ 16.8和1.72 ~ 2.93。s型花岗岩具有较高的87Sr/86Sr(i)值(0.727 ~ 0.735),较低的ƐNd(t)值(-12.4 ~ -9.8),TDM = 21.1 ~ 27.1亿年,为成熟的地壳原岩。i型花岗岩的原位锆石U-Pb年龄为288 ~ 296 Ma(南孟地块)和245 ~ 225 Ma(南Rom地块和松Ma地块),而s型花岗岩(金宝一地块和蒙拉地块)的原位锆石U-Pb年龄为242 ~ 235 Ma。汇聚导致俯冲活动形成南孟花岗岩类,同步碰撞活动形成金宝、孟拉和三山地块,碰撞后活动形成南罗姆和松马地块。
{"title":"Petrology of the Permian-Triassic granitoids in Northwest Vietnam and their relation to the amalgamation of the Indochina and Sino-Vietnam composite terranes","authors":"Anh Tran Tuan, Hoa Tran Trong, Can Pham Ngoc, Gregory Shellnutt J., Thuy Pham T., Andrey Izokh E., Lien Pham Thi Phuong","doi":"10.15625/2615-9783/17002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/17002","url":null,"abstract":"Granitoids from seven massifs in northwest Vietnam, including I-type granites (Nam Meng, Nam Rom, and Song Ma massifs) and S-type granites (Pu Si Lung, Kim Boi, Muong Lat, and Sam Son massifs) that distributed along the Dien Bien-Song Ma fault at the northern part of Truong Son Fold Belt, were studied to understand the mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry, Nd-Sr isotopes, and U-Pb zircon geochronology. The I-type granitoid rocks vary from gabbro diorite to diorite and granodiorite to granite (SiO2 = 52.4 - 71.1 wt.%) and from calc-alkaline to high K calc-alkaline to shoshonite (Nam Rom massif) series. Biotite in the I-type granitoid rocks has high Mg, intermediate to high Ti, and low Al (Phl-0.43 - Sid-0.29 - Ann-0.28); amphibole is edenite (Nam Rom massif) and ferro-edenite (Song Ma massif). The ASI varies from 0.64 to 1.14 (metaluminous); K/Na = 0.1-0.7; ratios of K/Rb, Rb/Sr and Rb/Ba varies from 179-334, 0.40-3.50, and 0.16-0.38; [La/Sm]N, [La/Yb]N and [Gd/Yb]N are varies within 1.08-4.92, 1.57-27.3, and 1.07-3.72, respectively. Their 87Sr/86Sr and ƐNd(t) are highly enriched, respectively, from 0.7072 to 0.7319 and -12.2 to -6.67. The I-type granitoid rocks may be mixtures between mantle-derived and crustal components based on geochemical characteristics. In contrast, the Nam Meng magma was mantle-dominated, and the Nam Rom and Song Ma magmas were crustal-dominated. The S-type granitoid rocks include biotite granite and two-mica granite (SiO2 = 68.9-73.0 wt.%), varying from high K calc-alkaline to shoshonite series. The S-type granitoid rocks are distinct from the I-type granitoid rocks by sillimanite, cordierite, and muscovite. Biotite in the S-type granitoid rocks has high Ti and Al and low Mg. The mineral was partially replaced by muscovite. The ASI varies from 1.1 to 1.85 (peraluminous); K/Rb, Rb/Sr, and Rb/Ba vary within 161-188, 0.37-3.50, and 0.15-0.98; [La/Sm]N, [La/Yb]N and [Gd/Yb]N vary within 2.28-3.90, 5.93-16.8, and 1.72-2.93, respectively. The S-type granitoid rocks also have high 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.7227-0.7335) and low ƐNd(t) (-12.4 to -9.8) with TDM = 2.11-2.71 billion years, indicating a mature crust protolith. The in situ zircon U-Pb ages of the I-type granites are 289-296 Ma (Nam Meng massif) and 245-225 Ma (Nam Rom and Song Ma massifs), while those of the S-type granitoid rocks (Kim Boi and Muong Lat massifs) are 242-235 Ma. The above data suggest that the Indochina and Sino-Vietnam composite terranes produced the Permian-Triassic granitoid rocks in northwest Vietnam. The convergence had led to subduction activity forming Nam Meng granitoid, syn-collision activity forming Kim Boi, Muong Lat, and Sam Son massifs, and ended with post-collision activity forming Nam Rom and Song Ma massifs.","PeriodicalId":23639,"journal":{"name":"VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48628626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
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