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Cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii and its toxin in Buon Phong reservoir, Dak Lak province, Vietnam 越南德立省丰丰水库中蓝细菌Raphidiopsis raciborskii及其毒素
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16997
My Ngo Thi Diem, Phap Ton That, Thuy Duong Thi, Q. Le Thi Phuong, Lien Nguyen Thi Thu
This study investigated the variation of the cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii population under the influence of physicochemical parameters from May 2019 to April 2020 in the Buon Phong reservoir. The correlations between these parameters were explored by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation analysis. The cylindrospermopsin (CYN) toxin in isolated strains from the reservoir was confirmed by using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. R. raciborskii presented throughout the year in the reservoir with a biovolume from 0.12 to 9.14 mm3 L-1. Four R. raciborskii strains (CBP2, CBP3, CBP4, and CBP5) were successfully isolated and confirmed to produce CYN by the HPLC results. The highest concentration in isolated strains was 0.345 μg g-1 DW in the CBP4 strain. The PCR results of genes responsible for CYN biosynthesis showed that the PCR amplicons of cyrB and CyrC were amplified in two toxic strains (CBP2 and CBP3), while the amplicons of both cyrB and cyrC were not observed in two remaining toxic strains. In addition, such abiotic factors as temperature and nutrients played major roles in the abundance of R. raciborskii. Moreover, the biovolume of R. raciborskii positively correlated with the CYN concentrations in the Buon Phong reservoir.
本研究研究了2019年5月至2020年4月丰丰水库蓝细菌种群在理化参数影响下的变化。采用主成分分析(PCA)和Pearson相关分析探讨了这些参数之间的相关性。采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对该菌株进行了鉴定。鼠型恙螨在水库中呈全年分布,生物体积在0.12 ~ 9.14 mm3 L-1之间。成功分离得到4株raciborski菌株(CBP2、CBP3、CBP4和CBP5),并通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)证实其产CYN。分离菌株CBP4的浓度最高,为0.345 μg -1 DW。CYN生物合成相关基因的PCR结果显示,在两株毒株CBP2和CBP3中均扩增出cyrB和CyrC的PCR扩增子,而在其余两株毒株中均未观察到cyrB和CyrC的扩增子。此外,温度和养分等非生物因素也对瑞草的丰度起主要作用。此外,在丰丰水库中,瑞金鼠的生物量与CYN浓度呈正相关。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying hydrologic reference stations to understand changes in water resources across Vietnam - a data-driven approach 确定水文参考站以了解越南水资源的变化——一种数据驱动的方法
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16980
Hong Xuan Do, Manh -Hung Le, Hung Thanh Pham, Tu Hoang Le, Binh Quang Nguyen
Among the impacts of climate change and variabilities, change in the terrestrial water cycle has been investigated extensively due to the importance of water resources to the Earth System. The detection and attribution of changes in river flows, however, are usually complicated by the impacts of on-ground human activities such as urbanization or dam construction that have altered flow regimes. As a result, hydrological reference stations – gauges measuring river flows of catchments that are unregulated - have been identified in many countries to provide streamflow records that are suitable for climate studies. Such a network, to the best of our knowledge, has not been promoted widely in Vietnam, making it difficult to determine the actual impact of climate change and variability to river flow regimes at the national scale. To address this limitation, this study uses a data-driven approach to identify stations that have not been influenced substantially by human activities for Vietnam. Specifically, we have carefully assessed streamflow records at 68 locations that are not influenced by tidal regime to identify stations with relatively good data quality. The drainage area associated with each of these stations was then delineated following international standards, and then used to identify catchments that were not associated with large dams. The catchment boundary was also used to extract land surface information, available through an ensemble of different satellite-based data products, to further identify catchments that are not featured by large urban areas, or experienced a substantial change in land cover during the 2000-2019 period. Using these criteria, this study suggested two subsets of stations distributed across the countries, providing a good starting point for future investigations into the impacts of climate change on water resources in Vietnam. The investigation also suggests that more investments are required to maintain and expand the hydrologic reference network for Vietnam.
在气候变化和变率的影响中,由于水资源对地球系统的重要性,陆地水循环的变化得到了广泛的研究。然而,对河流流量变化的探测和归因通常会因人类活动的影响而变得复杂,如城市化或大坝建设等,这些活动改变了河流的流动状况。因此,许多国家已经确定了水文参考站——测量不受管制的集水区河流流量的仪表——以提供适合气候研究的流量记录。据我们所知,这样一个网络还没有在越南得到广泛推广,因此很难确定气候变化和变异对全国范围内河流流量状况的实际影响。为了解决这一限制,本研究使用数据驱动的方法来确定越南未受人类活动重大影响的站点。具体而言,我们仔细评估了68个不受潮汐状况影响的地点的流量记录,以确定数据质量相对较好的站点。然后按照国际标准划定与这些站点相关的排水区域,然后用于确定没有与大型水坝相关的集水区。流域边界还用于提取地表信息,这些信息可通过不同的卫星数据产品集合获得,以进一步确定没有大城市地区特征的流域,或在2000-2019年期间经历了土地覆盖的重大变化。利用这些标准,本研究提出了分布在各国的两个站点子集,为未来研究气候变化对越南水资源的影响提供了一个良好的起点。调查还表明,需要更多的投资来维持和扩大越南的水文参考网络。
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引用次数: 6
User willingness to pay for natural resource conservation at Bach Long Vy Island, Vietnam 用户愿意为越南Bach Long Vy岛的自然资源保护付费
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16969
Chien Hoang Thi, M. Kirby, Lan Dinh Tran
Tourism development plays a crucial role in creating employment, boosting the revenue of the economy, supporting to improve the living standard. While tourism provides many opportunities to improve the well-being of local communities, the expansion of tourism needs to be effectively managed to avoid the degradation of natural capital. Assessing resource awareness and use behavior is an effective way to determine the public’s commitment to natural resource conservation and restoration in protected areas. The research was performed in Bach Long Vy Island (BLVI) in Hai Phong city, Viet Nam which is the first National Marine protected area designated by the Vietnamese Government. The aim of this study was to estimate tourists’ Willingness to pay (WTP) for natural resource conservation at BLVI through using Contingent valuation method (CVM) with the single-bounded dichotomous choice technique and the random utility model. We estimate the average visitor WTP is VND 153 370 per year (approx. US$6.58), while the aggregate WTP of tourists for the environmental conservation is VND 7.67 million per year (approx. US$32 900) (currency conversions taken as the average rate in September 2020; US$1 to VND 23280). The calculated results show that income and gender factors have significant effects visitors WTP whereas age and education have opposite effects. The outcomes of this research demonstrate the potential tourism value of this island due to the natural amenities and high biodiversity, particularly originating from its marine ecosystems. This result provides valuable scientific information for decision makers and local authorities and should be useful in establishing strategies to prevent the deterioration of ecosystems at BLVI (e.g., an environmental charge or entrance fee), thus contributing to sustainable tourism development.
旅游业发展在创造就业、增加经济收入、支持提高生活水平方面发挥着至关重要的作用。虽然旅游业为改善当地社区的福祉提供了许多机会,但旅游业的扩张需要得到有效管理,以避免自然资本的退化。评估资源意识和使用行为是确定公众对保护区自然资源保护和恢复的承诺的有效途径。这项研究是在越南海防市的巴赫龙维岛(BLVI)进行的,该岛是越南政府指定的第一个国家海洋保护区。本研究的目的是通过使用条件估值法(CVM)、单界二分选择技术和随机效用模型来估计游客对BLVI自然资源保护的支付意愿。我们估计,游客的平均WTP为每年153370越南盾(约6.58美元),而游客用于环境保护的WTP总额为每年767万越南盾(约合32900美元)(货币换算为2020年9月的平均汇率;1美元兑23280越南盾)。计算结果表明,收入和性别因素对游客WTP有显著影响,而年龄和教育程度则相反。这项研究的结果表明,由于该岛的自然便利设施和高度的生物多样性,特别是源自其海洋生态系统,该岛具有潜在的旅游价值。这一结果为决策者和地方当局提供了宝贵的科学信息,有助于制定战略,防止BLVI生态系统恶化(例如环境费或入场费),从而促进可持续旅游业发展。
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引用次数: 0
A high-resolution climate experiment over part of Vietnam and the Lower Mekong Basin: performance evaluation and projection for rainfall 越南部分地区和湄公河下游流域的高分辨率气候实验:降雨的性能评估和预测
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-02-22 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16942
Huy Hoang-Cong, T. Ngo‐Duc, Tuyet Nguyen-Thi, Long Trinh-Tuan, Chung Jing Xiang, F. Tangang, Santisirisomboon Jerasorn, T. Phan‐Van
This study first evaluates the performance of three model experiments in representing rainfall over part of Vietnam and the Lower Mekong Basin for the historical period 1986-2005. The three experiments include the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) EC-EARTH Global Climate Model (GCM) and two downscaling runs based on a regional climate model at 25km resolution with the GCM forcing (RCM-25km) and at 5km resolution with the RCM-25km forcing (RCM-5km). Verifications against observations show that the experiments generally capture the spatial distribution of climatological rainfall. While the GCM well represents the observed average rainfall cycles, its coarse resolution limits its capability in reproducing extreme rainfall values. The downscaling experiments do not clearly show their advantage in simulating average rainfall but exhibit significant added values when representing extreme rainfall in the study region. The RCM-5km does not outperform its driving 25km experiment in representing the mean and extreme rainfall values, suggesting that having a better resolution may not compensate for having a good model configuration with appropriate physical schemes. Analysis of climate projection for the far future period 2080-2099 under two representative concentration pathways (RCP) scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, reveals that the downscaling experiments can modify the change direction of future rainfall obtained with the GCM. While the EC-EARTH GCM generally projects wetter tendencies of up to 50%, the downscaling experiments project a general decrease of down to -50% under both scenarios over the study domain. Regarding extreme rainfall, the annual maximum 1-day rainfall amount (RX1day) is projected to increase for the three experiments. The simple daily intensity index (SDII) future changes follow those of the annual rainfall values.
本研究首先评估了三个模式试验在表征1986-2005年历史时期越南部分地区和湄公河下游流域降雨方面的表现。这三个试验包括耦合模式比对项目第5阶段(CMIP5) EC-EARTH全球气候模式(GCM)和基于区域气候模式的两次降尺度运行,分别是25公里分辨率下的GCM强迫(RCM-25km)和5公里分辨率下的RCM-25km强迫(RCM-5km)。对观测资料的验证表明,试验总体上反映了气候降水的空间分布。虽然GCM很好地反映了观测到的平均降雨周期,但其粗糙的分辨率限制了其再现极端降雨值的能力。降尺度实验在模拟平均降雨方面的优势并不明显,但在模拟研究区域的极端降雨时却表现出显著的附加价值。RCM-5km在表示平均和极端降雨量值方面的表现并不优于其驾驶25km实验,这表明具有更好的分辨率可能无法补偿具有适当物理方案的良好模型配置。对典型浓度路径(RCP4.5和RCP8.5)情景下2080-2099年远未来期的气候预估分析表明,降尺度实验可以改变GCM模拟得到的未来降水的变化方向。虽然EC-EARTH GCM一般预估湿润趋势高达50%,但降尺度试验预估两种情景下研究区域的湿润趋势普遍下降至-50%。在极端降水方面,预测3个试验的年最大1日降雨量(RX1day)增加。简单日强度指数(SDII)的未来变化遵循年降雨量的变化。
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引用次数: 6
A new approach based on integration of random subspace and C4.5 decision tree learning method for spatial prediction of shallow landslides 基于随机子空间与C4.5决策树学习方法相结合的浅层滑坡空间预测新方法
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16929
Viet-Ha Nhu, Tinh T. Bui, L. My, Hoe Vuong, Hoang Nhat Duc
The research approaches a new machine learning ensemble which is a hybridization of Random subspace (RS) and C4.5, named RandSub-DT, for improving the performance of the landslide susceptibility model. This is based on the GIS database, including 170 landslide polygons and ten predisposing landslide factors, i.e., slope, aspect, curvature, TWI, land use, distance to road, distance to the river, soil type, distance to fault, and lithology. We carried out this study in the Halong and Cam Pha City areas which are important economic centers in the Quang Ninh province, Vietnam, where landslides seriously influence the daily life of the citizen causing economic damage. We then used a GIS database to construct and validate the proposed RandSub-DT model. The model performance was assessed using a confusion matrix and a set of statistical measures. The result showed that the RandSub-DT model with the classification accuracy of 90.34% in the training dataset and the prediction capability of 77.48% had a high performance for landslide prediction. This research proved that an ensemble of the C4.5 and RS provided a highly accurate estimate of landslide susceptibility in the research area.
为了提高滑坡敏感性模型的性能,该研究采用了一种新的机器学习集成,该集成是随机子空间(RS)和C4.5的杂交,称为RandSub-DT。这是基于GIS数据库,包括170个滑坡多边形和10个诱发滑坡因素,即坡度、坡向、曲率、TWI、土地利用、与道路的距离、与河流的距离、土壤类型、与断层的距离和岩性。我们在越南广宁省重要的经济中心下龙和金法市地区进行了这项研究,那里的山体滑坡严重影响了公民的日常生活,造成了经济损失。然后,我们使用GIS数据库构建并验证了提出的RandSub-DT模型。使用混淆矩阵和一组统计度量来评估模型的性能。结果表明,RandSub-DT模型在训练数据集中分类准确率为90.34%,预测能力为77.48%,具有较好的滑坡预测性能。本研究证明,C4.5和RS的集合能较准确地估计研究区滑坡易感性。
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引用次数: 5
Sea surface temperature trend analysis by Mann-Kendall test and sen’s slope estimator: a study of the Hai Phong coastal area (Vietnam) for the period 1995-2020 Mann-Kendall检验和sen斜率估计的海面温度趋势分析:1995-2020年越南海防沿海地区的研究
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-12 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16874
Vinh Vu Duy, S. Ouillon, Hai NGUYEN MİNH
Based on the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope method, this study investigates the monthly, seasonal, and annual sea surface temperature (SST) trends in the coastal area of Hai Phong (West of Tonkin Gulf) based on the measurements at Hon Dau Station from 1995 to 2020. The results show a sea surface warming trend of 0.02°C/year for the period 1995-2020 (significant level α = 0.1) and of 0.093°C/year for the period 2008-2020 (significant level α = 0.05). The monthly SSTs in June and September increased by 0.027°C/year and 0.036°C/year, respectively, for the period 1995-2020, and by 0.080°C/year and 0.047°C/year, respectively, for the period 2008-2020. SST trends in winter, summer, and other months were either different for the two periods or not significant enough. This may be due to the impact of ENSO, which caused interannual SST variability in the Hai Phong coastal with two intrinsic mode functions (IMF) signals a period of ~2 (IMF3) and ~5.2 years cycle (IMF4). A combination of these signals had a maximum correlation of 0.22 with ONI (Oceanic Niño Index) delayed by 8 months. ENSO events took ~8 months to affect SST at Hai Phong coastal area for 1995-2020 and caused a variation of SST within 1.2°C.
采用Mann-Kendall检验和Sen’s slope方法,利用1995 - 2020年海防(北部湾以西)沿海洪道站的观测资料,研究了海防沿海地区海温的月、季、年变化趋势。结果表明,1995—2020年海面升温趋势为0.02°C/年(显著水平α = 0.1), 2008—2020年海面升温趋势为0.093°C/年(显著水平α = 0.05)。1995-2020年6月和9月的月海温分别增加0.027°C/年和0.036°C/年,2008-2020年期间分别增加0.080°C/年和0.047°C/年。冬季、夏季和其他月份的海温趋势在两个时间段内要么存在差异,要么不够显著。这可能与ENSO的影响有关,ENSO引起海防沿海海温年际变率具有两个本征模态函数(IMF)信号,周期为~2 (IMF3)和~5.2 (IMF4)。这些信号的组合与延迟8个月的ONI (Oceanic Niño Index)的最大相关为0.22。1995-2020年ENSO事件对海防海温的影响历时约8个月,造成海温在1.2°C范围内的变化。
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引用次数: 5
Recharge mechanism and salinization processes in coastal aquifers in Nam Dinh province, Vietnam 越南南定省海岸含水层的补给机制和盐碱化过程
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16864
Hoan Hoang Van, F. Larsen, Nhan Pham Quy, Long Tran Vu, Giang Nguyen Thị Thanh
In Nam Dinh province, in the Red River delta plain in Northern Vietnam, groundwater in the shallow Holocene aquifer shows elevated total dissolved solids up to 35 km from the coastline, indicating a saltwater intrusion from the Gulf of Tonkin. High groundwater salinities have been encountered below and adjacent to the Red River in the deep Pleistocene aquifer. Since 1996, large-scale groundwater abstraction was initiated from the deep aquifer, and the observed elevated salinities now raise concerns about whether the groundwater abstraction is undertaken sustainably. We have conducted a study to obtain a fundamental understanding of the recharge mechanisms and salinization processes in the Nam Dinh province. A holistic approach with multiple methods including transient electromagnetic sounding and borehole logging, exploratory drilling, sampling and analyzing primary ion and stable isotope compositions of water and pore water, groundwater head monitoring, hydraulic experiments laboratory of clay layers, and groundwater modeling by using the SEAWAT code. Results reveal that saline river water is leached from the Red River and its distributaries into the shallow aquifers. The distribution and occurrence of salty pore water in the Holocene aquitard clay shows that meteoric water has not been flowing through these low permeable clay layers. Marine pore water has, however, been leached out of the Pleistocene clay. When this layer is present, it offers protection of the lower aquifer against high salinity water from above. Salinity as high as 80 % of oceanic water is observed in interstitial pore water of the transgressive Holocene clay. Saltwater is transported into the Pleistocene aquifer, where the Holocene clay is directly overlying the aquifer.
在越南北部红河三角洲平原的南定省,浅全新世含水层的地下水显示,在距离海岸线35公里的地方,总溶解固体含量升高,这表明来自东京湾的盐水入侵。红河下方和附近的更新世深层含水层中存在高地下水盐度。自1996年以来,从深层含水层开始大规模抽取地下水,观测到的盐度升高现在引起了人们对地下水抽取是否可持续的担忧。我们进行了一项研究,以从根本上了解南定省的补给机制和盐碱化过程。采用多种方法的整体方法,包括瞬态电磁测深和钻孔测井、勘探钻井、水和孔隙水的初级离子和稳定同位素成分的采样和分析、地下水水头监测、粘土层水力实验实验室以及使用SEAWAT代码的地下水建模。研究结果表明,红河及其分流带的咸水被滤入浅层含水层。含盐孔隙水在全新世弱透水层中的分布和产状表明,大气降水并没有流经这些低渗透粘土层。然而,海洋孔隙水已经从更新世粘土中浸出。当存在该层时,它可以保护较低的含水层免受来自上方的高盐度水的影响。海侵全新世粘土的间隙孔隙水中的盐度高达海水的80%。盐水被输送到更新世含水层,全新世粘土直接覆盖在含水层上。
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引用次数: 1
Improvements of 210Po determination method in thermal water samples 热水样品中210Po测定方法的改进
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16851
Van- Hao Duong, Chau Nguyen Dinh, Trinh Phan Trong, Trung- Tien Chu
Determination of naturally radionuclides have been known well as an important topic in environmental study in recently. One of the most toxic radioisotope in nature, a daughter product of 238U decay chain is 210Po (polonium). The improvement and optimizations methods for determination of this attractive isotope are still presenting so far. In this paper, a new improved method was elaborated for 210Po determination in thermal water sample. In the proposed method, analytical optimization of spontaneous/auto deposition does not use Teflon cup, magnetic stirring or any preparing equipment/item only normal glass and a side of square silver. In addition, the optimization was neglected with absent of purification of polonium (Liquid-liquid extraction methods/Ion exchange chromatography/Extraction chromatographic separations). The outcome of optimal procedure were simplify, less time consuming, great reduction of costs with chemical recovery >80% and could apply for any liquid environmental samples.
天然放射性核素的测定是近年来环境研究的一个重要课题。作为自然界中毒性最强的放射性同位素之一,238U衰变链的子产物是210Po(鎓)。到目前为止,用于测定这种有吸引力的同位素的改进和优化方法仍然存在。本文阐述了一种新的改进方法,用于测定热水样品中210Po。在所提出的方法中,自发/自动沉积的分析优化不使用聚四氟乙烯杯、磁力搅拌或任何制备设备/物品,只使用普通玻璃和一面方形银。此外,由于没有对鎓进行纯化(液-液萃取法/离子交换色谱法/萃取色谱分离法),因此忽略了优化。优化程序简化、耗时少、成本大大降低,化学回收率>80%,适用于任何液体环境样品。
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引用次数: 4
Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic composition of the Cha Val plutonic rocks in central Vietnam: Implications for Permian-Triassic Paleo-Tethys subduction-related magmatism 越南中部茶谷深成岩的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成:对二叠纪-三叠纪古特提斯俯冲相关岩浆作用的启示
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16842
Minh Pham, Hieu, Kenta Kawaguchi, Anh, Phuc
together with abundant Permian-Triassic magmatic rocks. This magmatic complex provides important information to reconstruct the tectonic evolution of the Indochina block and surrounding areas. The Cha Val plutonic rocks mainly comprise diorite, quartz diorite, and granodiorite. Geochemically, they are metaluminous with low A/CNK (0.49 to 1.16 with an average of 0.85), medium to high K, low to medium SiO2, and Na2O/K2O>1. Trace and rare earth element compositions display enrichment in Cs, U, Pb, and Nd, but depletion in Ba, Nb, Ta, P, Eu, and Ti, similar to those of continental arc-related magmas. Rock-forming minerals of the Cha Val plutonic rocks are characterized by abundant hornblende. All observed petrographical and geochemical characteristics suggest that the Cha Val plutonic rocks are typical for I-type affinity generated from a subduction regime. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon analyses of three representative samples yielded their crystallization ages between 258.0 Ma and 248.9 Ma, temporally coeval with Late Permian-Early Triassic magmatism previously reported in the Truong Son belt. The (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios (0.7081 to 0.7244), negative whole-rock εNd(t) values (-4.5 to -2.9), zircon εHf(t) values (-1.04 to 2.71), and whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf model ages (TDM2) (1394 Ma to 1111 Ma) indicate that the Cha Val plutonic rocks are derived from melting of Mesoproterozoic crustal materials with a minor contribution of mantle-derived melt. Together with other Permian-Triassic magmatic complexes along the Song Ma suture zone and the Truong Son Belt, the Cha Val plutonic rocks are a representative of magmatism associated with the subduction-collision that amalgamated the South China and Indochina blocks after the closure of a branch of Paleo-Tethys along the Song Ma suture zone during the Late Permian-Early Triassic Indosinian orogeny.
以及丰富的二叠纪-三叠纪岩浆岩。茶谷深部岩体主要有闪长岩、石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。地球化学特征为低A/CNK(0.49 ~ 1.16,平均0.85),中~高K,低~中等SiO2, Na2O/K2O bb1。微量元素和稀土元素组成表现为Cs、U、Pb、Nd富集,Ba、Nb、Ta、P、Eu、Ti富集,与大陆弧相关岩浆相似。茶瓦尔深成岩的造岩矿物以丰富的角闪石为特征。观察到的岩石学和地球化学特征表明,茶谷深成岩具有典型的俯冲形成的i型亲和作用。三个代表性样品的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb锆石分析结果表明,它们的结晶年龄在258.0 ~ 248.9 Ma之间,与之前报道的张松带晚二叠世—早三叠世岩浆活动时间一致。(87Sr/86Sr)i比值(0.7081 ~ 0.7244)、全岩εNd(t)负值(-4.5 ~ -2.9)、锆石εHf(t)负值(-1.04 ~ 2.71)、全岩Nd和锆石Hf模式年龄(TDM2) (1394 ~ 1111 Ma)表明,茶谷深部岩体是由中元古代地壳物质熔融形成的,幔源熔融作用较小。
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引用次数: 1
Pore water pressure responses of saturated sand and clay under undrained cyclic shearing 饱和砂土和粘土在不排水循环剪切作用下的孔隙水压力响应
IF 1.5 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.15625/2615-9783/16764
An, Hiroshi, Nhan, Tien, Thien
In this study, changes in the pore water pressure were observed for saturated specimens of a loose fined-grain sand (Nam O sand) and a soft silty clay (Hue clay) subjected to undrained cyclic shearing with different testing conditions. The cyclic shear tests were run for relatively wide range of shear strain amplitude (g = 0.05%-2%), different cycle numbers (n = 10, 50, 150 and 200) and various shear directions (uni-direction and two-direction with phase difference of q = 0o, 45o and 90o). It is indicated from the experimental results that under the same cyclic shearing condition, the pore water pressure accumulation in Hue clay is at a slower rate, suggesting a higher cyclic shear resistance of Hue clay than that of Nam O sand. Liquefaction is reached easily in nominally 50% relative density specimens of Nam O sand when g ³ 0.4%, meanwhile soft specimen of Hue clay is not liquefied regardless of the cyclic shearing conditions used in this study. The threshold number of cycles for the pore water pressure generation generally decreases with g meanwhile, the threshold cumulative shear strain for such a property mostly approaches 0.1%. In addition, by using this new strain path parameter, it becomes more advantageous when evaluating the pore water pressure accumulation in Nam O sand and Hue clay subjected to undrained uni-directional and two-directional cyclic shears.
在本研究中,观察了在不同试验条件下进行不排水循环剪切的松散细粒砂(Nam O砂)和软粉质粘土(Hue粘土)饱和试样的孔隙水压力变化。循环剪切试验在相对较宽的剪切应变幅度范围(g=0.05%-2%)、不同的循环次数(n=10、50150和200)和不同的剪切方向(单向和双向,相差q=0o、45o和90o)下进行。实验结果表明,在相同的循环剪切条件下,顺化粘土的孔隙水压力积累速度较慢,表明顺化粘土比Nam O砂具有更高的循环剪切阻力。当g³0.4%时,标称相对密度为50%的Nam O砂试样很容易液化,同时,无论本研究中使用的循环剪切条件如何,Hue粘土的软试样都不会液化。孔隙水压力产生的阈值循环次数通常随着g的增加而减少,同时这种性质的阈值累积剪切应变大多接近0.1%。此外,通过使用这个新的应变路径参数,在评估Nam O砂和Hue粘土在不排水单向和双向循环剪切作用下的孔隙水压力积累时,它变得更加有利。
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引用次数: 1
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VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES
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