Rapid pace of urbanization has made city as a black hole for energy demand. Building sector alone consumes nearly 48 per cent of energy than other energy consuming sectors. There is great potential in buildings for reducing cooling load by carefully designing number of windows and indoor lighting with added benefits of increased occupant satisfaction. However, redesigning of the windows must be integrated with the visual comfort of the occupants. A case study is carried out in a conference hall of a University on integration of solar cooling load and visual comfort by redesigning the windows using IES-VE building energy software.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Windows with Integration of Daylight and Artificial Light: A Case Study","authors":"Mayur Brahmankar, N. Agrawal, A. Date","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3101293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3101293","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid pace of urbanization has made city as a black hole for energy demand. Building sector alone consumes nearly 48 per cent of energy than other energy consuming sectors. There is great potential in buildings for reducing cooling load by carefully designing number of windows and indoor lighting with added benefits of increased occupant satisfaction. However, redesigning of the windows must be integrated with the visual comfort of the occupants. A case study is carried out in a conference hall of a University on integration of solar cooling load and visual comfort by redesigning the windows using IES-VE building energy software.","PeriodicalId":236431,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133797068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Casting simulation software provides solutions to foundry in predicting realistic hot spot location and designing appropriate feeding system to produce sound casting and maximize yield with reduced casting trials. In this study, various feeding configuration has been designed by changing number, size, shape and location of feed and compared with respect to casting soundness and material utilization using simulation software. Actual casting trials have been conducted to check the casting soundness and yield. Impact of feeding configuration on post casting operations also been studied. Single feed and double feed configuration provides high level hot spot with lower yield. Centre line feeding configuration applies multiple feed in different plane which affects surface finish and difficulty in degating operation. Application of three side feeders which are applied at exact location on part thickness gives compact configuration sound casting with improved yield.
{"title":"Optimized Design of Feeding System for Complex Steel (CF8) Investment Casting to Improve Quality and Productivity","authors":"S. Bansode, V. Phalle, S. S. Mantha","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3101683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3101683","url":null,"abstract":"Casting simulation software provides solutions to foundry in predicting realistic hot spot location and designing appropriate feeding system to produce sound casting and maximize yield with reduced casting trials. In this study, various feeding configuration has been designed by changing number, size, shape and location of feed and compared with respect to casting soundness and material utilization using simulation software. Actual casting trials have been conducted to check the casting soundness and yield. Impact of feeding configuration on post casting operations also been studied. Single feed and double feed configuration provides high level hot spot with lower yield. Centre line feeding configuration applies multiple feed in different plane which affects surface finish and difficulty in degating operation. Application of three side feeders which are applied at exact location on part thickness gives compact configuration sound casting with improved yield.","PeriodicalId":236431,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122800743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Lohar, B. Jogi, S. Lakade, Vishwas Vasantrao Hemke
Composite materials can be defined as a combination of two or more materials results in improved properties than those of the individual material used alone. Nano-technology has recently gained attention of scientific environment due to the solutions offered in main areas of the human activity. Polymers are more ductile but less rigid and strong in which used to replace high load bearing application. Composite materials allow designing materials that may combination of mechanical properties similar to those high load bearing materials. For advance mechanical properties of material using polypropylene (PP) as a polymer and elastomers as acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS) and as compatibilizer maleic anhydridegrafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) is used and filler material as carbon black. For characterization Analyses of morphology scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used and mechanical properties which is tensile testing, impact testing is use for characterization of polymer nanocomposites.
{"title":"Influence of Compatiblizer (PP-g-mA) on Morphology, Mechanical Behaviour of PP/ABS/CB Nano-Composite","authors":"G. Lohar, B. Jogi, S. Lakade, Vishwas Vasantrao Hemke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3101682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3101682","url":null,"abstract":"Composite materials can be defined as a combination of two or more materials results in improved properties than those of the individual material used alone. Nano-technology has recently gained attention of scientific environment due to the solutions offered in main areas of the human activity. Polymers are more ductile but less rigid and strong in which used to replace high load bearing application. Composite materials allow designing materials that may combination of mechanical properties similar to those high load bearing materials. For advance mechanical properties of material using polypropylene (PP) as a polymer and elastomers as acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene copolymer (ABS) and as compatibilizer maleic anhydridegrafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) is used and filler material as carbon black. For characterization Analyses of morphology scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used and mechanical properties which is tensile testing, impact testing is use for characterization of polymer nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":236431,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN eJournal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123182416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the numerical study regarding the influence of wear on the performance analysis of non recessed hole entry hydrostatic conical journal bearing compensated with capillary restrictor. Finite Element Method is used to solve the modified Reynolds equation governing the laminar flow of isoviscous incompressible lubricant in the clearance space of conical journal and bearing. Numerically simulated results indicate that appreciable change in the dynamic performance characteristics of hydrostatic conical journal bearing with change in wear depth parameter.
{"title":"Influence of Wear on the Dynamic Performance Characteristics of Non-Recessed Hole Entry Hydrostatic Conical Journal Bearing","authors":"Sanjay R. Pawar, V. Phalle","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3101411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3101411","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the numerical study regarding the influence of wear on the performance analysis of non recessed hole entry hydrostatic conical journal bearing compensated with capillary restrictor. Finite Element Method is used to solve the modified Reynolds equation governing the laminar flow of isoviscous incompressible lubricant in the clearance space of conical journal and bearing. Numerically simulated results indicate that appreciable change in the dynamic performance characteristics of hydrostatic conical journal bearing with change in wear depth parameter.","PeriodicalId":236431,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134352694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. M. Imam, A. K. Isiyaku, Mustapha Isah, M. Kimpa
Optical fiber cables are materials whose core is made of silica and other materials such as chalcogenide glasses; they transmit a digital signal via light pulses through an extremely thin strand of glass. The light propagates and is being guided by the core which is surrounded by the cladding. Light travels in the optical fiber in the form of total internal reflection in the core of the fibers. The flexibility, low tensile strength, low signal loss, high bandwidth and other characteristics of optical fibers favors it for use as a delay medium in many applications. Another favorable characteristic of optical fiber delay lines is are their relative insensitivities to environmental effects and electromagnetic interferences. The immunity of optical fibers to interferences and their less weight added advantages to it for use as delay medium. Single-mode and multi-mode are the two most popular types of optical fibers. Single-mode fibers have good propagation and delay properties with a minimal loss that allows the signal to propagate in a large distance with insignificant distortion or attenuation. The percentage of power transmission of single-mode fibers is found to be higher than that of the multi-mode fibers. It is, therefore, a preferred type for use as a delay line. In this paper, relative studies of the two optical fibers modes, and the results of power input/output measurement of the two modes are presented with a view to com i ng up with a better type for use as a delay medium.
{"title":"Choosing a Better Delay Line Medium between Single-Mode and Multi-Mode Optical Fibers: The Effect of Bending","authors":"A. M. Imam, A. K. Isiyaku, Mustapha Isah, M. Kimpa","doi":"10.22178/POS.29-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22178/POS.29-1","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fiber cables are materials whose core is made of silica and other materials such as chalcogenide glasses; they transmit a digital signal via light pulses through an extremely thin strand of glass. The light propagates and is being guided by the core which is surrounded by the cladding. Light travels in the optical fiber in the form of total internal reflection in the core of the fibers. The flexibility, low tensile strength, low signal loss, high bandwidth and other characteristics of optical fibers favors it for use as a delay medium in many applications. Another favorable characteristic of optical fiber delay lines is are their relative insensitivities to environmental effects and electromagnetic interferences. The immunity of optical fibers to interferences and their less weight added advantages to it for use as delay medium. Single-mode and multi-mode are the two most popular types of optical fibers. Single-mode fibers have good propagation and delay properties with a minimal loss that allows the signal to propagate in a large distance with insignificant distortion or attenuation. The percentage of power transmission of single-mode fibers is found to be higher than that of the multi-mode fibers. It is, therefore, a preferred type for use as a delay line. In this paper, relative studies of the two optical fibers modes, and the results of power input/output measurement of the two modes are presented with a view to com i ng up with a better type for use as a delay medium.","PeriodicalId":236431,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134581479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molybdenum (Mo) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on the glass substrate by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) deposition method. The effect of Mo dopant concentration of 5, 6.6 and 10 mol% on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of n-type Mo doped ZnO films was studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Mo doped ZnO thin films were polycrystalline with wurtzite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies shows that the surface morphology of the films changes with Mo doping. A blue shift of the optical band gap was observed in the optical studies. Effect of Mo dopant concentration on electrical conductivity was studied and it shows comparatively high electrical conductivity at 10 mol% of Mo doping concentration.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Molybdenum Doped ZnO Thin Films by SILAR Deposition Method","authors":"R. Radha, A. Sakthivelu, Pradhabhan Raj","doi":"10.21013/JAS.V4.N1.P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21013/JAS.V4.N1.P10","url":null,"abstract":"Molybdenum (Mo) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were deposited on the glass substrate by Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) deposition method. The effect of Mo dopant concentration of 5, 6.6 and 10 mol% on the structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of n-type Mo doped ZnO films was studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the Mo doped ZnO thin films were polycrystalline with wurtzite structure. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies shows that the surface morphology of the films changes with Mo doping. A blue shift of the optical band gap was observed in the optical studies. Effect of Mo dopant concentration on electrical conductivity was studied and it shows comparatively high electrical conductivity at 10 mol% of Mo doping concentration.","PeriodicalId":236431,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130141506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since its development in the 1980s, nanotechnology, or nanotech, has been heralded as the next great scientific revolution. However, despite its rapid growth nanotechnology has largely been ignored by the average consumer. As a result, nanotechnology has flourished perpetuating the notion of a technology filled with infinite promise and the possibility to reshape our everyday lives for the better, with the creation of nano-medicines, improved manufacturing techniques, and access to greener energy. But, as with most technology, nanotech similarly comes with a darker side. While it is understood that nanomaterials threaten our ecosystem, the precise mechanisms and impact of these harms are largely unknown as are the potential risks to human health. Moreover, in the absence of a comprehensive regulatory framework, and due to the highly technical and uncertain nature of the science involved, efforts to research the environmental ramifications of nanotechnology can often prove frustrating. For all of these reasons, a primer focusing on the availability of resources in this area seems a timely and appropriate addition to the existing scholarship in the field. As such, this article provides environmental legal researchers and practitioners with a guide to researching the environmental, health, and safety ramifications of nanotechnology. The article discusses effective strategies for researching this topic in the United States and provides an annotated list of key Internet resources, agencies, reports, monographs, and articles.
{"title":"Searching for the Nano-Needle in a Green Haystack: Researching the Environmental, Health, And Safety Ramifications of Nanotechnology","authors":"Taryn L. Rucinski","doi":"10.58948/0738-6206.1717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58948/0738-6206.1717","url":null,"abstract":"Since its development in the 1980s, nanotechnology, or nanotech, has been heralded as the next great scientific revolution. However, despite its rapid growth nanotechnology has largely been ignored by the average consumer. As a result, nanotechnology has flourished perpetuating the notion of a technology filled with infinite promise and the possibility to reshape our everyday lives for the better, with the creation of nano-medicines, improved manufacturing techniques, and access to greener energy. But, as with most technology, nanotech similarly comes with a darker side. While it is understood that nanomaterials threaten our ecosystem, the precise mechanisms and impact of these harms are largely unknown as are the potential risks to human health. Moreover, in the absence of a comprehensive regulatory framework, and due to the highly technical and uncertain nature of the science involved, efforts to research the environmental ramifications of nanotechnology can often prove frustrating. For all of these reasons, a primer focusing on the availability of resources in this area seems a timely and appropriate addition to the existing scholarship in the field. As such, this article provides environmental legal researchers and practitioners with a guide to researching the environmental, health, and safety ramifications of nanotechnology. The article discusses effective strategies for researching this topic in the United States and provides an annotated list of key Internet resources, agencies, reports, monographs, and articles.","PeriodicalId":236431,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN eJournal","volume":"1138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123202774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current medicine is limited both by its understanding and by its tools. In many ways, it is still more an art than a science. Today’s drug therapies can target some specific molecules, but only some, and only on the basis of type. Doctors today can’t affect molecules in one cell while leaving identical molecules in a neighboring cell untouched because medicine today cannot apply surgical control to the molecular level. To understand what nanotechnology can do for medicine, we need a picture of the body from a molecular perspective. There are opportunities to design nanosized, bioresponsive systems able to diagnose and then deliver drugs, and systems able to promote tissue regeneration and repair (in disease, trauma and aging), circumventing chemotherapy. The long term goal is the development of novel and revolutionary bimolecular machine components that can be assembled and form multi-degree-of freedom nano devices that will apply forces and manipulate objects in the nanoworld, transfer information from the nano to the macro world, and travel in the nano environment. These machines are expected to be highly efficient, controllable, economical in mass production, and fully operational with minimal supervision. The emerging field of medical nanorobotics is aimed at overcoming these shortcomings. Molecular manufacturing can construct a range of medical instruments and devices with greater abilities. Ongoing developments in molecular fabrication, computation, sensors and motors will enable the manufacturing of nanobots. These are theoretical nanoscale biomolecular machine systems within a size range of 0.5 to 3 microns with 1-100 nm parts. Work in this area is still largely theoretical, and no artificial non biological nanobots have yet been built. These ultra miniature robotic systems and nano-mechanical devices will be the biomolecular electro-mechanical hardware of future biomedical applications.
{"title":"Nanobots as Therapeutic Devices","authors":"L. Vadlamani","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1693838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1693838","url":null,"abstract":"Current medicine is limited both by its understanding and by its tools. In many ways, it is still more an art than a science. Today’s drug therapies can target some specific molecules, but only some, and only on the basis of type. Doctors today can’t affect molecules in one cell while leaving identical molecules in a neighboring cell untouched because medicine today cannot apply surgical control to the molecular level. To understand what nanotechnology can do for medicine, we need a picture of the body from a molecular perspective. There are opportunities to design nanosized, bioresponsive systems able to diagnose and then deliver drugs, and systems able to promote tissue regeneration and repair (in disease, trauma and aging), circumventing chemotherapy. The long term goal is the development of novel and revolutionary bimolecular machine components that can be assembled and form multi-degree-of freedom nano devices that will apply forces and manipulate objects in the nanoworld, transfer information from the nano to the macro world, and travel in the nano environment. These machines are expected to be highly efficient, controllable, economical in mass production, and fully operational with minimal supervision. The emerging field of medical nanorobotics is aimed at overcoming these shortcomings. Molecular manufacturing can construct a range of medical instruments and devices with greater abilities. Ongoing developments in molecular fabrication, computation, sensors and motors will enable the manufacturing of nanobots. These are theoretical nanoscale biomolecular machine systems within a size range of 0.5 to 3 microns with 1-100 nm parts. Work in this area is still largely theoretical, and no artificial non biological nanobots have yet been built. These ultra miniature robotic systems and nano-mechanical devices will be the biomolecular electro-mechanical hardware of future biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":236431,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125382627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-03-01DOI: 10.1142/S0217979203020752
A. Barnard, S. Russo, I. Snook
Presented here are results of ab initio Density Functional Theory (DFT) structural relaxations performed on dehydrogenated and monohydrogenated nanocrystalline diamond structures of octahedral {111} and cuboctahedral morphologies, up to approximately 2 nm in diameter. Our results in this size range show an inward transition of dehydrogenated nanodiamond clusters into carbon onion-like structures, with preferential exfoliation of the (111) surfaces, in agreement with experimental observations. However, we have found that this transition may be prevented by monohydrogenation of the surfaces. Bonding of atoms in the surface layers of the relaxed structures, and interlayer bonding has been investigated using the electron charge density.
{"title":"First Principles Investigations of Diamond Ultrananocrystals","authors":"A. Barnard, S. Russo, I. Snook","doi":"10.1142/S0217979203020752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217979203020752","url":null,"abstract":"Presented here are results of ab initio Density Functional Theory (DFT) structural relaxations performed on dehydrogenated and monohydrogenated nanocrystalline diamond structures of octahedral {111} and cuboctahedral morphologies, up to approximately 2 nm in diameter. Our results in this size range show an inward transition of dehydrogenated nanodiamond clusters into carbon onion-like structures, with preferential exfoliation of the (111) surfaces, in agreement with experimental observations. However, we have found that this transition may be prevented by monohydrogenation of the surfaces. Bonding of atoms in the surface layers of the relaxed structures, and interlayer bonding has been investigated using the electron charge density.","PeriodicalId":236431,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN eJournal","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122536891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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