Greater than 50% of all class B biosolids produced in the US are reused by application to agricultural land. The goal of this research was to pair a comprehensive literature review with a field aerosol sampling campaign to characterize aerosols emitted during the land application process and provide a simplified framework for evaluating exposure to on-site workers and off-site residents. Three aerosolization scenarios for dewatered biosolids were considered and include spreading biosolids onto land by side slinging, disk incorporating into soils, and aerosolization of land applied biosolids due to high wind events. Particulate mater, metal aerosols, and biological aerosols of biosolids origin were in the respirable size range and were markedly greater downwind of land application than in upwind ambient control sites. Low level aerosolization of field applied biosolids were detected during high wind events, and biosolids derived aerosols were detected at 170 meters downwind of disk incorporation. The ability to reconstruct source aerosol concentration from PM10 measurements and the linear correlations made between bulk biosolids concentrations and source emission rates serve as a framework for determining relevant aerosol concentrations without the requirement of biological or chemical aerosol sampling. Application of this framework eliminates the inherent limitations and costs associated with monitoring low aerosol concentration of toxic compounds and pathogens. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397700 (eBook)
{"title":"Quantification of Airborne Biological Contaminants Associated with Land-Applied Biosolids","authors":"J. Peccia","doi":"10.2166/9781843397700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843397700","url":null,"abstract":"Greater than 50% of all class B biosolids produced in the US are reused by application to agricultural land. The goal of this research was to pair a comprehensive literature review with a field aerosol sampling campaign to characterize aerosols emitted during the land application process and provide a simplified framework for evaluating exposure to on-site workers and off-site residents. Three aerosolization scenarios for dewatered biosolids were considered and include spreading biosolids onto land by side slinging, disk incorporating into soils, and aerosolization of land applied biosolids due to high wind events.\u0000\u0000Particulate mater, metal aerosols, and biological aerosols of biosolids origin were in the respirable size range and were markedly greater downwind of land application than in upwind ambient control sites. Low level aerosolization of field applied biosolids were detected during high wind events, and biosolids derived aerosols were detected at 170 meters downwind of disk incorporation. The ability to reconstruct source aerosol concentration from PM10 measurements and the linear correlations made between bulk biosolids concentrations and source emission rates serve as a framework for determining relevant aerosol concentrations without the requirement of biological or chemical aerosol sampling. Application of this framework eliminates the inherent limitations and costs associated with monitoring low aerosol concentration of toxic compounds and pathogens.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397700 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"29 1","pages":"9781843397700-9781843397700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79714819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The central theme of the book is the flow of information from experimental approaches in biofilm research to simulation and modeling of complex wastewater systems. Probably the greatest challenge in wastewater research lies in using the methods and the results obtained in one scientific discipline to design intelligent experiments in other disciplines, and eventually to improve the knowledge base the practitioner needs to run wastewater treatment plants. The purpose of Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment is to provide engineers with the knowledge needed to apply the new insights gained by researchers. The authors provide an authoritative insight into the function of biofilms on a technical and on a lab-scale, cover some of the exciting new basic microbiological and wastewater engineering research involving molecular biology techniques and microscopy, and discuss recent attempts to predict the development of biofilms. This book is divided into 3 sections: Modeling and Simulation; Architecture, Population Structure and Function; and From Fundamentals to Practical Application, which all start with a scientific question. Individual chapters attempt to answer the question and present different angles of looking at problems. In addition there is an extensive glossary to familiarize the non-expert with unfamiliar terminology used by microbiologists and computational scientists. ISBN: 9781843390077 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402741 (eBook)
{"title":"Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment: An Interdisciplinary Approach","authors":"S. Wuertz, P. Bishop, P. Wilderer","doi":"10.2166/9781780402741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402741","url":null,"abstract":"The central theme of the book is the flow of information from experimental approaches in biofilm research to simulation and modeling of complex wastewater systems. Probably the greatest challenge in wastewater research lies in using the methods and the results obtained in one scientific discipline to design intelligent experiments in other disciplines, and eventually to improve the knowledge base the practitioner needs to run wastewater treatment plants.\u0000\u0000The purpose of Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment is to provide engineers with the knowledge needed to apply the new insights gained by researchers. The authors provide an authoritative insight into the function of biofilms on a technical and on a lab-scale, cover some of the exciting new basic microbiological and wastewater engineering research involving molecular biology techniques and microscopy, and discuss recent attempts to predict the development of biofilms.\u0000\u0000This book is divided into 3 sections: Modeling and Simulation; Architecture, Population Structure and Function; and From Fundamentals to Practical Application, which all start with a scientific question. Individual chapters attempt to answer the question and present different angles of looking at problems. In addition there is an extensive glossary to familiarize the non-expert with unfamiliar terminology used by microbiologists and computational scientists.\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843390077 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780402741 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"345 3","pages":"9781780402741-9781780402741"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91429746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Municipal wastewater is the largest reservoir of enterobacteria (total coliforms) and a host of other microorganisms. Wastewater also harbors a range of pathogenic, opportunistic pathogenic, and nonpathogenic species. The public health significance of this reservoir may depend upon the physiological status of the wastewater microbial community. Viability and culturability are integral aspects of bacterial physiology but their relationship in the context of wastewater processing and disinfection are poorly understood. While culturable microbes must be viable, viable organisms may not be culturable, but they can retain metabolic activity, membrane integrity, and the capacity to resume culturability (growth). The ability of an organism to be cultured can be a variable trait. Transient loss of culturability precipitated by disinfection would confound containment assessment and pathogen control. To better understand the relationship between coliform physiology and disinfection, culture-independent methods are necessary. Such methods can avoid culture-bias and the loss of information reflecting the in situ experience of resident organisms. While the relationship between viable but not culturable bacterial pathogens to public health risk is important, it remains poorly understood and outside the scope of the current study. In this study, two culture independent methods were used to examine in situ coliform physiology and taxonomic identity during wastewater processing and disinfection. The protein profiling method employed fluor-coupled coliform-specific antibodies and demonstrated that biological treatment regimens produce physiologically different coliform communities readily distinguished by their sensitivity to disinfection. A new culture-independent method called mRNA profiling was developed using fluor-coupled DNA probes to simultaneously assess wastewater coliform physiology and taxonomic identity. The mRNA profiling method demonstrated that fecal coliforms resident in chlorinated secondary treated wastewater could be resuscitated and comprised a significant fraction of the coliform community. The project findings together with current treatment strategies may increase treatment plant performance, realize reduce wastewater coliforms content and minimize release of disinfection byproducts into receiving waters. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397519 (eBook)
{"title":"Understanding Viability of Pathogens During Disinfection","authors":"P. Blum","doi":"10.2166/9781843397519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843397519","url":null,"abstract":"Municipal wastewater is the largest reservoir of enterobacteria (total coliforms) and a host of other microorganisms. Wastewater also harbors a range of pathogenic, opportunistic pathogenic, and nonpathogenic species. The public health significance of this reservoir may depend upon the physiological status of the wastewater microbial community. Viability and culturability are integral aspects of bacterial physiology but their relationship in the context of wastewater processing and disinfection are poorly understood.\u0000\u0000While culturable microbes must be viable, viable organisms may not be culturable, but they can retain metabolic activity, membrane integrity, and the capacity to resume culturability (growth). The ability of an organism to be cultured can be a variable trait. Transient loss of culturability precipitated by disinfection would confound containment assessment and pathogen control.\u0000\u0000To better understand the relationship between coliform physiology and disinfection, culture-independent methods are necessary. Such methods can avoid culture-bias and the loss of information reflecting the in situ experience of resident organisms. While the relationship between viable but not culturable bacterial pathogens to public health risk is important, it remains poorly understood and outside the scope of the current study.\u0000\u0000In this study, two culture independent methods were used to examine in situ coliform physiology and taxonomic identity during wastewater processing and disinfection. The protein profiling method employed fluor-coupled coliform-specific antibodies and demonstrated that biological treatment regimens produce physiologically different coliform communities readily distinguished by their sensitivity to disinfection.\u0000\u0000A new culture-independent method called mRNA profiling was developed using fluor-coupled DNA probes to simultaneously assess wastewater coliform physiology and taxonomic identity. The mRNA profiling method demonstrated that fecal coliforms resident in chlorinated secondary treated wastewater could be resuscitated and comprised a significant fraction of the coliform community.\u0000\u0000The project findings together with current treatment strategies may increase treatment plant performance, realize reduce wastewater coliforms content and minimize release of disinfection byproducts into receiving waters.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397519 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"2 1","pages":"9781843397519-9781843397519"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87113456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dewatering practices reduce the water content of sludges in order to minimise the volume to be handled and improve handling properties. Studies have shown that the ability of dewatering processes to reduce the water content is dependent on the specific dewatering process and the nature of the sludge. If additional water can be removed by changing the sludge properties or in response to pressure during dewatering, substantial cost reductions for sludge processing or handling are possible. The objective of this project was to produce both an applied and fundamental understanding of how to improve sludge dewatering. The literature was reviewed to define the state-of-the-art in terms of conditioning and dewatering of sewage sludges. The relationships between floc structure and water release from sludge were investigated experimentally. Novel techniques for improving sludge conditioning and dewatering were evaluated experimentally. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397441 (eBook)
{"title":"Innovation in Dewatering Sludges","authors":"S. Miller, Yao-de Yan, B. Firth, G. Jameson","doi":"10.2166/9781843397441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843397441","url":null,"abstract":"Dewatering practices reduce the water content of sludges in order to minimise the volume to be handled and improve handling properties. Studies have shown that the ability of dewatering processes to reduce the water content is dependent on the specific dewatering process and the nature of the sludge. If additional water can be removed by changing the sludge properties or in response to pressure during dewatering, substantial cost reductions for sludge processing or handling are possible. The objective of this project was to produce both an applied and fundamental understanding of how to improve sludge dewatering.\u0000\u0000The literature was reviewed to define the state-of-the-art in terms of conditioning and dewatering of sewage sludges. The relationships between floc structure and water release from sludge were investigated experimentally. Novel techniques for improving sludge conditioning and dewatering were evaluated experimentally.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397441 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"23 1","pages":"9781843397441-9781843397441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73362969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research was to provide a road map for the effective use of condition and performance assessment tools and techniques by water and wastewater utilities within the context of different asset management sophistication levels. Generic approaches to assessment program design and tool selection are offered, which can be applied across a range of asset types. The recommended approach to assessment program development draws on various protocols reviewed in the research and case study examples from leading utilities throughout the world and is aligned with the best practice concept that condition assessments should ideally be undertaken only when required to fill a specific gap in asset-related information to improve decision-making. The recommended tool selection approach uses an exclusion process in which tools are excluded on the basis of criteria relating to technical feasibility, technical suitability and utility technical capacity. Useable options must then be evaluated through economic or financial analysis such that final tool selection is made with regard to available resources, the cost-benefits accrued and utility affordability issues. This research provides descriptions and reviews of 83 individual condition assessment tools and techniques used in the water and wastewater industry, including a discussion of principles, applications, practical considerations, advantages and limitations. A prototype expert system was developed to facilitate the selection of condition assessment tools using software systems. Such an expert system could provide a framework for updating, maintaining and distributing refinements of these tool reviews as condition assessment technologies and understanding advance in the future. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397854 (eBook)
{"title":"Protocols for Assessing Condition and Performance of Water and Wastewater Assets","authors":"T. Urquhart","doi":"10.2166/9781843397854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781843397854","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to provide a road map for the effective use of condition and performance assessment tools and techniques by water and wastewater utilities within the context of different asset management sophistication levels. Generic approaches to assessment program design and tool selection are offered, which can be applied across a range of asset types.\u0000\u0000The recommended approach to assessment program development draws on various protocols reviewed in the research and case study examples from leading utilities throughout the world and is aligned with the best practice concept that condition assessments should ideally be undertaken only when required to fill a specific gap in asset-related information to improve decision-making. The recommended tool selection approach uses an exclusion process in which tools are excluded on the basis of criteria relating to technical feasibility, technical suitability and utility technical capacity. Useable options must then be evaluated through economic or financial analysis such that final tool selection is made with regard to available resources, the cost-benefits accrued and utility affordability issues.\u0000\u0000This research provides descriptions and reviews of 83 individual condition assessment tools and techniques used in the water and wastewater industry, including a discussion of principles, applications, practical considerations, advantages and limitations. A prototype expert system was developed to facilitate the selection of condition assessment tools using software systems. Such an expert system could provide a framework for updating, maintaining and distributing refinements of these tool reviews as condition assessment technologies and understanding advance in the future.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397854 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"69 1","pages":"9781843397854-9781843397854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75590559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions gives a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment, particularly domestic sewage. The book covers the main treatment processes used worldwide with wastewater treatment in warm climate regions given a particular emphasis where simple, affordable and sustainable solutions are required. This comprehensive book presents in a clear and informative way the basic principles of biological wastewater treatment, including theory and practice, and covering conception, design and operation. In order to ensure the practical and didactic view of the book, 371 illustrations, 322 summary tables and 117 examples are included. All major wastewater treatment processes are covered by full and interlinked design examples which are built up throughout the book, from the determination of wastewater characteristics, the impact of discharge into rivers and lakes, the design of several wastewater treatment processes and the design of sludge treatment and disposal units. The 55 chapters are divided into 7 parts over two volumes: Volume One: (1) Introduction to wastewater characteristics, treatment and disposal; (2) Basic principles of wastewater treatment; (3) Stabilisation ponds; (4) Anaerobic reactors; Volume Two: (5) Activated sludge; (6) Aerobic biofilm reactors; (7) Sludge treatment and disposal. As well as being an ideal textbook, Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions is an important reference for practising professionals such as engineers, biologists, chemists and environmental scientists, acting in consulting companies, water authorities and environmental agencies. ISBN: 9781843390022 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402734 (eBook)
{"title":"Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions Volume I","authors":"M. Sperling, C. Chernicharo","doi":"10.2166/9781780402734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402734","url":null,"abstract":"Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions gives a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment, particularly domestic sewage. The book covers the main treatment processes used worldwide with wastewater treatment in warm climate regions given a particular emphasis where simple, affordable and sustainable solutions are required.\u0000\u0000This comprehensive book presents in a clear and informative way the basic principles of biological wastewater treatment, including theory and practice, and covering conception, design and operation. In order to ensure the practical and didactic view of the book, 371 illustrations, 322 summary tables and 117 examples are included. All major wastewater treatment processes are covered by full and interlinked design examples which are built up throughout the book, from the determination of wastewater characteristics, the impact of discharge into rivers and lakes, the design of several wastewater treatment processes and the design of sludge treatment and disposal units.\u0000\u0000The 55 chapters are divided into 7 parts over two volumes: Volume One: (1) Introduction to wastewater characteristics, treatment and disposal; (2) Basic principles of wastewater treatment; (3) Stabilisation ponds; (4) Anaerobic reactors; Volume Two: (5) Activated sludge; (6) Aerobic biofilm reactors; (7) Sludge treatment and disposal.\u0000\u0000As well as being an ideal textbook, Biological Wastewater Treatment in Warm Climate Regions is an important reference for practising professionals such as engineers, biologists, chemists and environmental scientists, acting in consulting companies, water authorities and environmental agencies.\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843390022 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780402734 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"4 1","pages":"9781780402734-9781780402734"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75043103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bathe, M. K. D. Kreuk, B. McSwain, N. Schwarzenbeck
Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided ‘correct’ process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions ‘correct’? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment. This title belongs to Water and Environmental Management Series (WEMS) ISBN: 9781843395096 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402055 (eBook)
{"title":"Aerobic Granular Sludge","authors":"S. Bathe, M. K. D. Kreuk, B. McSwain, N. Schwarzenbeck","doi":"10.2166/9781780402055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402055","url":null,"abstract":"Aerobic Granular Sludge has recently received growing attention by researchers and technology developers, worldwide. Laboratory studies and preliminary field tests led to the conclusion that granular activated sludge can be readily established and profitably used in activated sludge plants, provided ‘correct’ process conditions are chosen. But what makes process conditions ‘correct’? And what makes granules different from activated sludge flocs? Answers to these question are offered in Aerobic Granular Sludge. Major topics covered in this book include: Aerobic Granular Sludge provides up-to-date information about a rapidly emerging new technology of biological treatment. This title belongs to Water and Environmental Management Series (WEMS) ISBN: 9781843395096 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402055 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"29 1","pages":"9781780402055-9781780402055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76635867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Integrated water resource management has been discussed since at least the Civil War; yet, there is still no integrated framework for sustainably managing water. Recognizing this need, the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) funded a research project to develop an integrated, conceptual framework for sustainable water resources management. Through WERF funding, this framework was developed over the past four years. Development of the framework was guided by the U.N. Agenda 21, Global Water Partnership, the Enlibra Principles, and Panarchy Theory. The conceptual framework for Sustainable Water Resources Management considers water as a renewable, but finite resource with global and regional constraints. It integrates ecological, economic, and social considerations through institutional and legal/regulatory constructs to move toward sustainable water resources. Implementation of the framework is guided by a process flow?chart that considers both crisis management and proactive management activities. We believe that sustainability is as much an outcome as a goal. If water resources are viewed within a total systems context and monitored, assessed and adaptively managed through time, sustainable water resources are the outcome. This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series ISBN: 9781843397564 (Print) ISBN: 9781780403984 (eBook)
{"title":"Strategies for Sustainable Water Resource Management","authors":"K. Thornton","doi":"10.2166/9781780403984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780403984","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated water resource management has been discussed since at least the Civil War; yet, there is still no integrated framework for sustainably managing water. Recognizing this need, the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) funded a research project to develop an integrated, conceptual framework for sustainable water resources management. Through WERF funding, this framework was developed over the past four years. Development of the framework was guided by the U.N. Agenda 21, Global Water Partnership, the Enlibra Principles, and Panarchy Theory.\u0000\u0000The conceptual framework for Sustainable Water Resources Management considers water as a renewable, but finite resource with global and regional constraints. It integrates ecological, economic, and social considerations through institutional and legal/regulatory constructs to move toward sustainable water resources. Implementation of the framework is guided by a process flow?chart that considers both crisis management and proactive management activities. We believe that sustainability is as much an outcome as a goal. If water resources are viewed within a total systems context and monitored, assessed and adaptively managed through time, sustainable water resources are the outcome.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to WERF Research Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843397564 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780403984 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"16 1","pages":"9781780403984-9781780403984"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76503935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water and Wastewater Management in the Tropics provides the necessary conceptual framework and tools to assess all appropriate aspects of water and sanitation projects in developing countries. Using the lessons learned from courses taught at the Technical University of Denmark, Water and Wastewater Management in the Tropics is the concerted effort of a broad team including “hard core” engineers and practitioners as well as “soft core” environmental and institutional planners and economists, with contributions from renowned researchers as well as seasoned project managers. The first part of the book aims to give a basic understanding of international projects and addresses how to identify, formulate, select, organise, cost, finance, implement and manage water and wastewater management projects in developing countries. Later chapters focus on three different types of water and wastewater management projects in a tropical context: rural water and sanitation; urban water and wastewater management; and, industrial water and wastewater management. Water and Wastewater Management in the Tropics will appeal to graduate environmental engineering students but also to practitioners, economists, sociologists, and institutional planners working with water and sanitation projects in developing countries. This title belongs to Water Research Foundation Report Series ISBN: 9781843390138 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402543 (eBook)
{"title":"Water and Wastewater Management in the Tropics","authors":"J. Lønholdt","doi":"10.2166/9781780402543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402543","url":null,"abstract":"Water and Wastewater Management in the Tropics provides the necessary conceptual framework and tools to assess all appropriate aspects of water and sanitation projects in developing countries.\u0000\u0000Using the lessons learned from courses taught at the Technical University of Denmark, Water and Wastewater Management in the Tropics is the concerted effort of a broad team including “hard core” engineers and practitioners as well as “soft core” environmental and institutional planners and economists, with contributions from renowned researchers as well as seasoned project managers.\u0000\u0000The first part of the book aims to give a basic understanding of international projects and addresses how to identify, formulate, select, organise, cost, finance, implement and manage water and wastewater management projects in developing countries. Later chapters focus on three different types of water and wastewater management projects in a tropical context: rural water and sanitation; urban water and wastewater management; and, industrial water and wastewater management.\u0000\u0000Water and Wastewater Management in the Tropics will appeal to graduate environmental engineering students but also to practitioners, economists, sociologists, and institutional planners working with water and sanitation projects in developing countries.\u0000\u0000This title belongs to Water Research Foundation Report Series \u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781843390138 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780402543 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"46 1","pages":"9781780402543-9781780402543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87535347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a best practice manual for addressing water losses in water distribution networks worldwide. Systems and methodologies are presented for improving water loss and leakage management in a range of networks, from systems with a well-developed infrastructure to those in developing countries where the network may need to be upgraded. The key feature of the manual is a diagnostic approach to develop a water loss strategy - using the appropriate tools to find the right solutions - which can be applied to any network. The methods of assessing the scale and volume of water loss are outlined, together with the procedures for setting up leakage monitoring and detection systems. As well as real losses (leakage) procedures for addressing apparent losses, by introducing regulatory and customer metering policies are explained. Suggestions are made for demand management and water conservation programmes, to complement the water loss strategy. Recommendations are made for training workshops and operation and maintenance programmes to ensure skills transfer and sustainability. The manual is illustrated throughout with case studies. Losses in Water Distribution Networks will appeal to a wide range of practitioners responsible for designing and managing a water loss strategy. These include consultants, operations managers, engineers, technicians and operational staff. It will also be a valuable reference for senior managers and decision makers, who may require an overview of the principles and procedures for controlling losses. The book will also be suitable as a source document for courses in Water Engineering, Resource Management and Environmental Management. ISBN: 9781900222112 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402642 (eBook)
{"title":"Losses in Water Distribution Networks: A Practitioners' Guide to Assessment, Monitoring and Control","authors":"M. Farley, S. Trow","doi":"10.2166/9781780402642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2166/9781780402642","url":null,"abstract":"This is a best practice manual for addressing water losses in water distribution networks worldwide. Systems and methodologies are presented for improving water loss and leakage management in a range of networks, from systems with a well-developed infrastructure to those in developing countries where the network may need to be upgraded.\u0000\u0000The key feature of the manual is a diagnostic approach to develop a water loss strategy - using the appropriate tools to find the right solutions - which can be applied to any network. The methods of assessing the scale and volume of water loss are outlined, together with the procedures for setting up leakage monitoring and detection systems. As well as real losses (leakage) procedures for addressing apparent losses, by introducing regulatory and customer metering policies are explained. Suggestions are made for demand management and water conservation programmes, to complement the water loss strategy. Recommendations are made for training workshops and operation and maintenance programmes to ensure skills transfer and sustainability. The manual is illustrated throughout with case studies.\u0000\u0000Losses in Water Distribution Networks will appeal to a wide range of practitioners responsible for designing and managing a water loss strategy. These include consultants, operations managers, engineers, technicians and operational staff. It will also be a valuable reference for senior managers and decision makers, who may require an overview of the principles and procedures for controlling losses.\u0000\u0000The book will also be suitable as a source document for courses in Water Engineering, Resource Management and Environmental Management.\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781900222112 (Print)\u0000\u0000ISBN: 9781780402642 (eBook)","PeriodicalId":23698,"journal":{"name":"Water intelligence online","volume":"1 1","pages":"9781780402642-9781780402642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90099500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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