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Dry eye disease caused by viral infection: Past, present and future. 由病毒感染引起的干眼病:过去、现在和未来。
IF 5.2 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-04 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2289779
Min Wu, Cuilian Sun, Qin Shi, Yalu Luo, Ziyu Wang, Jianxiang Wang, Yun Qin, Weihang Cui, Chufeng Yan, Huangyi Dai, Zhiyang Wang, Jia Zeng, Yamei Zhou, Manhui Zhu, Xiaojuan Liu

Following viral infection, the innate immune system senses viral products, such as viral nucleic acids, to activate innate defence pathways, leading to inflammation and apoptosis, control of cell proliferation, and consequently, threat to the whole body. The ocular surface is exposed to the external environment and extremely vulnerable to viral infection. Several studies have revealed that viral infection can induce inflammation of the ocular surface and reduce tear secretion of the lacrimal gland (LG), consequently triggering ocular morphological and functional changes and resulting in dry eye disease (DED). Understanding the mechanisms of DED caused by viral infection and its potential therapeutic strategies are crucial for clinical interventional advances in DED. This review summarizes the roles of viral infection in the pathogenesis of DED, applicable diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and potential regions of future studies.

在病毒感染后,先天免疫系统感知病毒产物,如病毒核酸,激活先天防御途径,导致炎症和细胞凋亡,控制细胞增殖,从而威胁整个身体。眼表暴露于外部环境,极易受到病毒感染。多项研究表明,病毒感染可引起眼表炎症,减少泪腺(LG)的泪液分泌,从而引发眼部形态和功能改变,导致干眼病(DED)。了解由病毒感染引起的DED的机制及其潜在的治疗策略对DED的临床介入进展至关重要。本文综述了病毒感染在DED发病机制中的作用,适用的诊断和治疗策略,以及未来研究的潜在领域。
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引用次数: 0
Pathogenicity and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii: Factors contributing to the fitness in healthcare settings and the infected host. 鲍曼不动杆菌的致病性和毒性:医疗机构和受感染宿主的致病因素。
IF 5.2 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-06 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2289769
Massimiliano Lucidi, Daniela Visaggio, Antonella Migliaccio, Giulia Capecchi, Paolo Visca, Francesco Imperi, Raffaele Zarrilli

Acinetobacter baumannii is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections and hospital outbreaks, particularly in intensive care units. Much of the success of A. baumannii relies on its genomic plasticity, which allows rapid adaptation to adversity and stress. The capacity to acquire novel antibiotic resistance determinants and the tolerance to stresses encountered in the hospital environment promote A. baumannii spread among patients and long-term contamination of the healthcare setting. This review explores virulence factors and physiological traits contributing to A. baumannii infection and adaptation to the hospital environment. Several cell-associated and secreted virulence factors involved in A. baumannii biofilm formation, cell adhesion, invasion, and persistence in the host, as well as resistance to xeric stress imposed by the healthcare settings, are illustrated to give reasons for the success of A. baumannii as a hospital pathogen.

鲍曼不动杆菌是造成医疗相关性感染和医院疫情爆发的常见原因,尤其是在重症监护病房。鲍曼不动杆菌的成功在很大程度上取决于其基因组的可塑性,这种可塑性使其能够迅速适应逆境和压力。获得新型抗生素耐药性决定因子的能力和对医院环境中遇到的压力的耐受性促进了鲍曼不动杆菌在患者中的传播和对医疗环境的长期污染。本综述探讨了导致鲍曼不动杆菌感染和适应医院环境的毒力因子和生理特征。鲍曼不动杆菌生物膜的形成、细胞粘附、入侵和在宿主体内的持续存在,以及对医疗环境造成的干旱胁迫的抵抗力,都涉及到一些细胞相关和分泌的毒力因子,本文对这些毒力因子进行了阐述,以说明鲍曼不动杆菌成功成为医院病原体的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Correction. 更正。
IF 5.2 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2289756
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引用次数: 0
Rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic period. COVID-19 大流行期间严重急性呼吸道感染儿童的鼻病毒感染和合并感染。
IF 5.2 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2310873
Célia Regina Malveste Ito, Mônica Oliveira Santos, Marcos de Oliveira Cunha, Kelliane Martins de Araújo, Guilherme Rocha Lino de Souza, Geovana Sôffa Rézio, Pollyanna Neta de Brito, Alana Parreira Costa Rezende, Jakeline Godinho Fonseca, Isabela Jubé Wastowski, José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira, Melissa Ameloti Gomes Avelino, Lilian Carla Carneiro

Rhinovirus causes respiratory tract infections in children and is found in co-infections. The objective of this research was to study the clinical profile of rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We included 606 children ranging in age from 0.1 to 144 months of age from March 2020 to December 2021, hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The samples were collected by secretion from the nasopharynx region. A total of 259 children were tested positive for viral infection, 153 (59.07%) of them had a single rhinovirus infection and, 56 (36.6%) were aged between 60.1 and 144 months. Nine types of co-infections were identified and were found coinfection with three or more viruses (22/104, 21.15%). Observing the seasonality, the number of cases was similar between 2020 (49.53%) and 2021 (51.47%). Patients with a single infection (86.88%) and coinfection (67.30%) were more likely to have coughed. Patients with co-infection required the use of O2 for longer than those with a single rhinovirus infection. Hemogram results obtained from individuals with a single infection had higher levels of urea when compared to patients with co-infection with and other respiratory viruses. Multiple correspondence analyses indicated different clinical symptoms and comorbidities in patients with co-infection compared to those with single infection. The results found that the rhinovirus was much prevalent virus during the pandemic period and was found in co-infection with other virus types, what is important to diagnostic for the correct treatment of patients.

鼻病毒可导致儿童呼吸道感染,并可合并感染。本研究旨在研究 COVID-19 大流行期间严重急性呼吸道感染(SARI)患儿鼻病毒感染和合并感染的临床概况。我们纳入了 2020 年 3 月至 2021 年 12 月期间在儿科重症监护室(PICU)住院的 606 名儿童,年龄从 0.1 个月到 144 个月不等。样本通过鼻咽部位的分泌物采集。共有 259 名儿童的病毒感染检测呈阳性,其中 153 人(59.07%)为单一鼻病毒感染,56 人(36.6%)的年龄在 60.1 个月至 144 个月之间。共发现了 9 种合并感染类型,其中有三种或三种以上的病毒合并感染(22/104,21.15%)。从季节性来看,2020 年(49.53%)和 2021 年(51.47%)的病例数相似。单一感染(86.88%)和合并感染(67.30%)的患者更有可能咳嗽。与单一鼻病毒感染者相比,合并感染者需要使用氧气的时间更长。与合并感染其他呼吸道病毒的患者相比,单一感染者的血液检查结果显示尿素水平较高。多重对应分析表明,与单一感染者相比,合并感染者的临床症状和合并症有所不同。研究结果发现,鼻病毒是大流行期间最常见的病毒,而且还与其他类型的病毒合并感染,这对正确治疗患者具有重要的诊断意义。
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引用次数: 0
Safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac in healthy adults: A prospective observational multicenter real-world study in Henan Province, China. CoronaVac 在健康成人中的安全性和免疫原性:中国河南省前瞻性多中心真实世界观察研究。
IF 5.2 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2310450
Benchen Rao, Ling Wang, Mengzhao Yang, Hong Luo, Junyi Sun, Shanshuo Liu, Haiyu Wang, Xuemei Wang, Lei Li, Chengyu Yuan, Zujiang Yu, Zhigang Ren

Vaccination has emerged as the primar approach for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite certain clinical trials reporting the safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac, additional multicenter real-world studies are still necessary. In this study, we recruited 506 healthy volunteers who were not infected with COVID-19 or vaccinated. Each participant provided peripheral blood samples three times: prior to the first dose of vaccine, prior to the second dose, and 8 weeks following the second dose. Ultimately, 388 participants completed the entire follow-up process. No serious adverse events were observed among any of the participants. Within 1 week of vaccination, 13.4% of participants experienced systemic adverse reactions, with fatigue (5.93%) and dizziness (3.35%) being the most frequent. Although some clinical indicators, including creatinine, significantly changed after vaccination (p < 0.05), the mean of all altered indicators remained within the normal range. The positive rates of neutralizing antibodies (NAb), IgG, and IgM were 12.3%, 18.85%, and 5.24% prior to the second dose, respectively; and 57.99%, 86.34%, and 2.32% at 8 weeks following the second dose, respectively. Additionally, seven indicators, such as sex, age, and BMI, were significantly correlated with NAb (p < 0.05). Finally, a prediction model was developed based on age, monocytes, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with an AUC value of 87.56% in the train set and 80.71% in the test set. This study demonstrated that safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac were good. The prediction model based on the baseline clinical characteristics prior to vaccination can help to develop more suitable vaccination strategies.

接种疫苗已成为控制 COVID-19 大流行的首要方法。尽管某些临床试验报告了 CoronaVac 的安全性和免疫原性,但仍有必要进行更多的多中心实际研究。在这项研究中,我们招募了 506 名未感染 COVID-19 或未接种疫苗的健康志愿者。每位参与者都提供了三次外周血样本:第一剂疫苗接种前、第二剂疫苗接种前和第二剂疫苗接种后 8 周。最终,388 名参与者完成了整个随访过程。所有参与者均未出现严重不良反应。接种后一周内,13.4%的参与者出现了全身性不良反应,其中最常见的是疲劳(5.93%)和头晕(3.35%)。虽然一些临床指标(包括肌酐)在接种疫苗后发生了显著变化(P
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引用次数: 0
Throat microbiota drives alterations in pulmonary alveolar microbiota in patients with septic ARDS. 咽喉微生物群驱动脓毒症 ARDS 患者肺泡微生物群的改变。
IF 5.2 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2350775
Na-Na Li, Kai Kang, Yang Zhou, Yan-Qi Liu, Qian-Qian Zhang, Pei-Yao Luo, Lei Wang, Ming-Yin Man, Jia-Feng Lv, Xi-Bo Wang, Ya-Hui Peng, Fei-Yu Luan, Yue Li, Jian-Nan Zhang, Yang Chong, Yi-Qi Wang, Chang-Song Wang, Ming-Yan Zhao, Kai-Jiang Yu

Objectives: The translocation of intestinal flora has been linked to the colonization of diverse and heavy lower respiratory flora in patients with septic ARDS, and is considered a critical prognostic factor for patients.

Methods: On the first and third days of ICU admission, BALF, throat swab, and anal swab were collected, resulting in a total of 288 samples. These samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA analysis and the traceability analysis of new generation technology.

Results: On the first day, among the top five microbiota species in abundance, four species were found to be identical in BALF and throat samples. Similarly, on the third day, three microbiota species were found to be identical in abundance in both BALF and throat samples. On the first day, 85.16% of microorganisms originated from the throat, 5.79% from the intestines, and 9.05% were unknown. On the third day, 83.52% of microorganisms came from the throat, 4.67% from the intestines, and 11.81% were unknown. Additionally, when regrouping the 46 patients, the results revealed a significant predominance of throat microorganisms in BALF on both the first and third day. Furthermore, as the disease progressed, the proportion of intestinal flora in BALF increased in patients with enterogenic ARDS.

Conclusions: In patients with septic ARDS, the main source of lung microbiota is primarily from the throat. Furthermore, the dynamic trend of the microbiota on the first and third day is essentially consistent.It is important to note that the origin of the intestinal flora does not exclude the possibility of its origin from the throat.

目的肠道菌群的转移与脓毒症 ARDS 患者下呼吸道菌群的多样性和重度定植有关,被认为是影响患者预后的关键因素:方法: 在入住重症监护室的第一天和第三天,采集肺泡液、咽拭子和肛拭子,共计 288 份样本。采用 16S rRNA 分析和新一代溯源分析技术对这些样本进行分析:结果:第一天,在丰度排名前五位的微生物群种类中,有四个种类在肺泡和咽喉样本中是相同的。同样,在第三天,BALF 和咽喉样本中发现三个微生物群种类的丰度相同。第一天,85.16%的微生物来自咽喉,5.79%来自肠道,9.05%未知。第三天,83.52%的微生物来自喉咙,4.67%来自肠道,11.81%未知。此外,将 46 名患者重新分组后,结果显示,在第一天和第三天,BALF 中的咽喉微生物明显占优势。此外,随着病情的发展,肠源性ARDS患者BALF中的肠道菌群比例增加:脓毒症 ARDS 患者肺部微生物群的主要来源是咽喉。值得注意的是,肠道菌群的来源并不排除其来自咽喉的可能性。
{"title":"Throat microbiota drives alterations in pulmonary alveolar microbiota in patients with septic ARDS.","authors":"Na-Na Li, Kai Kang, Yang Zhou, Yan-Qi Liu, Qian-Qian Zhang, Pei-Yao Luo, Lei Wang, Ming-Yin Man, Jia-Feng Lv, Xi-Bo Wang, Ya-Hui Peng, Fei-Yu Luan, Yue Li, Jian-Nan Zhang, Yang Chong, Yi-Qi Wang, Chang-Song Wang, Ming-Yan Zhao, Kai-Jiang Yu","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2024.2350775","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2024.2350775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The translocation of intestinal flora has been linked to the colonization of diverse and heavy lower respiratory flora in patients with septic ARDS, and is considered a critical prognostic factor for patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On the first and third days of ICU admission, BALF, throat swab, and anal swab were collected, resulting in a total of 288 samples. These samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA analysis and the traceability analysis of new generation technology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On the first day, among the top five microbiota species in abundance, four species were found to be identical in BALF and throat samples. Similarly, on the third day, three microbiota species were found to be identical in abundance in both BALF and throat samples. On the first day, 85.16% of microorganisms originated from the throat, 5.79% from the intestines, and 9.05% were unknown. On the third day, 83.52% of microorganisms came from the throat, 4.67% from the intestines, and 11.81% were unknown. Additionally, when regrouping the 46 patients, the results revealed a significant predominance of throat microorganisms in BALF on both the first and third day. Furthermore, as the disease progressed, the proportion of intestinal flora in BALF increased in patients with enterogenic ARDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with septic ARDS, the main source of lung microbiota is primarily from the throat. Furthermore, the dynamic trend of the microbiota on the first and third day is essentially consistent.It is important to note that the origin of the intestinal flora does not exclude the possibility of its origin from the throat.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"15 1","pages":"2350775"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11093027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140912813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Essential roles of Rad6 in conidial property, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana. Rad6 在 Beauveria bassiana 的分生孢子特性、应激耐受性和致病性中的重要作用。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2362748
Yi Guan, Haomin He, Yuhan Guo, Longbin Zhang

Rad6 functions as a ubiquitin-conjugating protein that regulates cellular processes in many fungal species. However, its role in filamentous entomopathogenic fungi remains poorly understood. This study characterizes Rad6 in Beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungus widely employed as a critical fungicide globally. The results demonstrate a significant association between Rad6 and conidial properties, heat shock response, and UV-B tolerance. Concurrently, the mutant strain exhibited heightened sensitivity to oxidative stress, cell wall interfering agents, DNA damage stress, and prolonged heat shock. Furthermore, the absence of Rad6 significantly extended the median lethal time (LT50) of Galleria mellonella infected by B. bassiana. This delay could be attributed to reduced Pr1 proteases and extracellular cuticle-degrading enzymes, diminished dimorphic transition rates, and dysregulated antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, the absence of Rad6 had a more pronounced effect on genetic information processing, metabolism, and cellular processes under normal conditions. However, its impact was limited to metabolism in oxidative stress. This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the pivotal roles of Rad6 in conidial and hyphal stress tolerance, environmental adaptation, and the pathogenesis of Beauveria bassiana.

Rad6 是一种泛素结合蛋白,可调节许多真菌物种的细胞过程。然而,人们对它在丝状昆虫病原真菌中的作用仍然知之甚少。本研究描述了丝状真菌 Beauveria bassiana 中 Rad6 的特性,该真菌在全球被广泛用作重要的杀真菌剂。研究结果表明,Rad6 与分生孢子特性、热休克反应和紫外线-B 耐受性之间存在显著关联。同时,突变株对氧化应激、细胞壁干扰物、DNA损伤应激和长时间热休克的敏感性也有所提高。此外,Rad6 的缺失显著延长了贝氏啮齿动物感染 Galleria mellonella 的中位致死时间(LT50)。这种延迟可归因于 Pr1 蛋白酶和细胞外角质层降解酶的减少、二态转换率的降低以及抗氧化酶的失调。此外,在正常条件下,Rad6的缺失对遗传信息的处理、新陈代谢和细胞过程有更明显的影响。然而,其影响仅限于氧化应激下的新陈代谢。这项研究让人们全面了解了 Rad6 在分生孢子和菌丝的应激耐受性、环境适应性以及 Beauveria bassiana 的致病机理中的关键作用。
{"title":"Essential roles of Rad6 in conidial property, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>.","authors":"Yi Guan, Haomin He, Yuhan Guo, Longbin Zhang","doi":"10.1080/21505594.2024.2362748","DOIUrl":"10.1080/21505594.2024.2362748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rad6 functions as a ubiquitin-conjugating protein that regulates cellular processes in many fungal species. However, its role in filamentous entomopathogenic fungi remains poorly understood. This study characterizes Rad6 in <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, a filamentous fungus widely employed as a critical fungicide globally. The results demonstrate a significant association between Rad6 and conidial properties, heat shock response, and UV-B tolerance. Concurrently, the mutant strain exhibited heightened sensitivity to oxidative stress, cell wall interfering agents, DNA damage stress, and prolonged heat shock. Furthermore, the absence of Rad6 significantly extended the median lethal time (LT<sub>50</sub>) of <i>Galleria mellonella</i> infected by <i>B. bassiana</i>. This delay could be attributed to reduced Pr1 proteases and extracellular cuticle-degrading enzymes, diminished dimorphic transition rates, and dysregulated antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, the absence of Rad6 had a more pronounced effect on genetic information processing, metabolism, and cellular processes under normal conditions. However, its impact was limited to metabolism in oxidative stress. This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the pivotal roles of Rad6 in conidial and hyphal stress tolerance, environmental adaptation, and the pathogenesis of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":23747,"journal":{"name":"Virulence","volume":"15 1","pages":"2362748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11174126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research progress on the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza a virus. 甲型流感病毒非结构蛋白 1(NS1)的研究进展。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2359470
Xiaoyan Zhang, Yuying Zhang, Fanhua Wei

Influenza A virus (IAV) is the leading cause of highly contagious respiratory infections, which poses a serious threat to public health. The non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is encoded by segment 8 of IAV genome and is expressed in high levels in host cells upon IAV infection. It is the determinant of virulence and has multiple functions by targeting type Ι interferon (IFN-I) and type III interferon (IFN-III) production, disrupting cell apoptosis and autophagy in IAV-infected cells, and regulating the host fitness of influenza viruses. This review will summarize the current research on the NS1 including the structure and related biological functions of the NS1 as well as the interaction between the NS1 and host cells. It is hoped that this will provide some scientific basis for the prevention and control of the influenza virus.

甲型流感病毒(IAV)是造成高度传染性呼吸道感染的主要原因,对公众健康构成严重威胁。非结构蛋白 1(NS1)由 IAV 基因组第 8 段编码,感染 IAV 后在宿主细胞中高水平表达。它是病毒毒力的决定因素,并具有多种功能,包括靶向Ι型干扰素(IFN-I)和Ⅲ型干扰素(IFN-Ⅲ)的产生、破坏 IAV 感染细胞的细胞凋亡和自噬,以及调节流感病毒的宿主适应性。本综述将总结目前有关 NS1 的研究,包括 NS1 的结构和相关生物学功能,以及 NS1 与宿主细胞之间的相互作用。希望能为预防和控制流感病毒提供一些科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and transmission of pretreatment drug resistance in people living with HIV-1 in Shanghai China, 2017-2021. 2017-2021年中国上海HIV-1感染者预处理耐药性的流行和传播情况。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2373105
Min Zhang, Yingying Ma, Zhenyan Wang, Gang Wang, Qianying Wang, Xin Li, Feng Lin, Chiyu Zhang

The implementation of pretreatment drug-resistance (PDR) surveillance among people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) is a top priority in countries using efavirenz (EFV)/nevirapine (NVP) for first-line ART. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of PDR among PLWH in Shanghai, China during 2017-2021, and to reveal PDR transmission between Shanghai and other regions of China. A total of 5050 PLWH not on ART during 2017-2021 were included. Partial HIV-1 pol sequences were amplified, sequenced, and analysed for drug-resistance mutations (DRMs). Besides, transmission network of PDR variants was inferred using HIV-TRACE. The overall prevalence of PDR was 4.8% (242/5050; 95% CI, 4.2-5.4). Prevalence of NNRTI-associated PDR was 3.9% (95% CI, 3.4-4.5), higher than those of NRTI-associated (0.8%; 95% CI, 0.5-1.1) and PI-associated PDR (0.9%; 95% CI, 0.6-1.2). High prevalence of PDR (especially high-level resistance) to EFV (132/5050, 2.6%) and NVP (137/5050, 2.7%) were found. CRF01_AE (46.0%) was the predominant HIV-1 genotype with any DRMs, followed by CRF55_01B (21.0%), and CRF07_BC (15.1%). Two NRTI-associated (S68G/N/R and T215A/N/S/Y), five NNRTI-associated (V179D/E/T/L, K103N/R/S/T, E138A/G/K, V106M/I/A and Y181C/I) and two PI-associated mutations (M46I/L/V and Q58E) were the most common observed DRMs in PDR patients in Shanghai. The vast majority of S68G occurred in CRF01_AE (45%). M46I/L/V and Q58E showed a relatively high prevalence in CRF01_AE (4.1%) and CRF07_BC (12.6%). Transmission network analyses demonstrated cross-regional transmission links of PDR variants between Shanghai and other regions of China, which was mainly driven by the potential low-level DRM V179D/E. These results provide crucial information for clinical decision making of first-line ART in PLWH with PDR.

在使用依非韦伦(EFV)/奈韦拉平(NVP)作为一线抗逆转录病毒疗法的国家,对HIV-1感染者(PLWH)实施治疗前耐药性(PDR)监测是当务之急。在这项研究中,我们评估了2017-2021年间中国上海PLWH中PDR的流行情况,并揭示了PDR在上海和中国其他地区之间的传播情况。研究共纳入了 5050 名在 2017-2021 年期间未接受抗逆转录病毒疗法的 PLWH。对部分HIV-1 pol序列进行扩增、测序和耐药突变(DRMs)分析。此外,还利用 HIV-TRACE 推断了 PDR 变异株的传播网络。PDR的总体流行率为4.8%(242/5050;95% CI,4.2-5.4)。NNRTI相关PDR的流行率为3.9%(95% CI,3.4-4.5),高于NRTI相关PDR(0.8%;95% CI,0.5-1.1)和PI相关PDR(0.9%;95% CI,0.6-1.2)。EFV(132/5050,2.6%)和 NVP(137/5050,2.7%)的 PDR(尤其是高水平耐药)发生率较高。CRF01_AE(46.0%)是出现 DRM 的主要 HIV-1 基因型,其次是 CRF55_01B(21.0%)和 CRF07_BC(15.1%)。在上海的 PDR 患者中,最常见的 DRMs 是两种 NRTI 相关突变(S68G/N/R 和 T215A/N/S/Y)、五种 NNRTI 相关突变(V179D/E/T/L、K103N/R/S/T、E138A/G/K、V106M/I/A 和 Y181C/I)和两种 PI 相关突变(M46I/L/V 和 Q58E)。绝大多数 S68G 突变发生在 CRF01_AE(45%)。M46I/L/V和Q58E在CRF01_AE(4.1%)和CRF07_BC(12.6%)中的发病率相对较高。传播网络分析显示,PDR变异体在上海和中国其他地区之间存在跨区域传播联系,这主要是由潜在的低水平DRM V179D/E驱动的。这些结果为PDR感染者一线抗逆转录病毒疗法的临床决策提供了重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the immune responses of biological adjuvant bivalent vaccine with three different insertion modes for ND and IBD. 评估具有三种不同插入模式的 ND 和 IBD 生物佐剂二价疫苗的免疫反应。
IF 5.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2387181
Wenying Sun, Shuang Li, Dun Niu, Ruihan Qin, Huimin Li, Zhiqiang Xue, Yunpeng Guo, Jinmiao Liu, Yijia Liu, Xinghao Jiang, Jiechao Yin, Xiaochen Guo, Guiping Ren

Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is a widespread problem in the poultry industry, and vaccination is the primary preventive method. However, moderately virulent vaccines may damage the bursa, necessitating the development of a safe and effective vaccine. The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been explored as a vector for vaccine development. In this study, reverse genetic technology was used to obtain three recombinant viruses, namely, rClone30-VP2L (P/M)-chGM-CSF (NP), rClone30-chGM-CSF (P/M)-VP2L (NP), and rClone30-VP2L-chGM-CSF (P/M). Animal experiments showed that the three biological adjuvant bivalent vaccines effectively increased anti-NDV and anti-infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) titres, enhancing both humoral and cellular immune responses in chickens without leading to any harm. Amongst the three biological adjuvant bivalent vaccines, the rClone30-chGM-CSF (P/M)-VP2L (NP) group had higher levels of anti-NDV antibodies at 14 days after the first immunization and stimulated a greater humoral immune response in 7-10 days. While, the rClone30-VP2L (P/M)-chGM-CSF (NP) group was the most effective in producing a higher level of IBDV antibody response. In conclusion, these three vaccines can induce immune responses more rapidly and effectively, streamline production processes, be cost-effective, and provide a new avenue for the development of Newcastle disease (ND) and IBD bivalent vaccines.

传染性法氏囊病(IBD)是家禽业普遍存在的问题,接种疫苗是主要的预防方法。然而,中等毒力的疫苗可能会损害法氏囊,因此有必要开发一种安全有效的疫苗。新城疫病毒(NDV)已被视为疫苗开发的载体。本研究利用反向遗传技术获得了三种重组病毒,即rClone30-VP2L (P/M)-chGM-CSF (NP)、rClone30-chGM-CSF (P/M)-VP2L (NP)和rClone30-VP2L-chGM-CSF (P/M)。动物实验表明,这三种生物佐剂二价疫苗能有效提高鸡的抗 NDV 和抗传染性法氏囊病病毒 (IBDV) 滴度,增强鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应,且不会造成任何伤害。在三种生物佐剂二价疫苗中,rClone30-chGM-CSF(P/M)-VP2L(NP)组在首次免疫后 14 天的抗 NDV 抗体水平较高,并在 7-10 天内激发了更大的体液免疫反应。而 rClone30-VP2L (P/M)-chGM-CSF (NP) 组在产生较高水平的 IBDV 抗体反应方面最为有效。总之,这三种疫苗可以更快、更有效地诱导免疫应答,简化生产流程,具有成本效益,并为新城疫(ND)和 IBD 双价疫苗的开发提供了一条新途径。
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