Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung, experimentelle und klinische Immunologie最新文献

Using increased volumens of serum [in the Multiple-Dosage (MD) or a High Dosage (HD) test] with a sensitive manual reading technique all sera of 37 donors of blood group A2 showed irregular anti-A1(alpha1) antibodies. With the same technique, up to 1/3 of the sera of 417 healthy blood donors agglutinated red cells of a selected antigen pattern at room temperature; at 4 degrees C the ratio of positive reacting sera was much higher. The specificity of the antibodies, as indicated by the antigramme type, could be confirmed in the most cases by reacting with a series of known positive and negative reference red cells. The eluates of some of the sera yielded the same antigramme pattern as the native sera did. Some of the antibodies showed a specificity corresponding to a red cell property of the respective blood donor; but not in each case the antibodies were capable to agglutinate the donor's cells. If "autoagglutinins" were strong, frequently they revealed a character of panagglutinability, particular in the cold. With the antiglobulin test, which followed the NaCl-MD procedure, the number of positive reactions increased; on the other hand, there were some of the previously positive agglutination tests, which became negative during the course of the AHG step.

Isoelectric focusing of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) revealed that the microheterogeneity, which is expressed in the isoelectric points (IEP), partly is caused by differences in the content of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA), partly by other effects, probably including deamidation. Two different types of Plasmocytoma-IgG, which differ in IEF-pattern, i.e. population distribution, in sensitivity towards neuraminidase and in carbohydrate content, are described. The contents of carbohydrates in these 2 IgG-types are up to 30% greater and 50% less, respectively, than that of normal IgG. A precise correlation was found between the total content of NANA in moles per mole IgG-monomer and the shift in band-IEP on hydrolysis catalyzed by neuraminidase. This may be used for a rapid estimate of NANA in IgG. The results do not permit a discrimination between an anabolic and a catabolic origin of the heterogeneity in the carbohydrate moiety of IgG.

The effectiveness of (Fab')2 G-Anti-D regarding elimination of D-incompatible fetal erythrocytes, and suppression of the formation of specific antibody, was investigated in 16 probands. Using 51Cr labelled D-incompatible fetal erythrocytes and simultaneous HbF-cell counting, fast elimination of incompatible red cells, and selective accumulation in the spleen, were observed after injection of small doses of (Fab')2 G-Anti-D. None of the probands showed active formation of anti-D after 3-12 months. The doses of the (Fab')2 G-Anti-D preparation used were similar to those employed in routine use of IgG-Anti-D. The results emphasize the importance of fast immunelimination of potentially antigenic red cells and thus point to a peripheral mechanism of anti-D prophylaxis by specific anti-D.

Collagen-anticollagen immune complexes were prepared by gel filtration. Complex formation was chemically and serologically demonstrated. Complexes eluting in gammaM- and gammaG-peaks of antigen-antiserum mixture showed strong positive reactions in PCA experiments performed with 20 guinea pigs. Control preparations of gammaM- and gammaG-peaks of antiserum devoid of antigen gave significantly lower PCA-response. The positive reaction of control preparations can be explained in part by a certain degree of cross-reactivity of anticollagen-antibodies with guinea pig collagen.

23 chickens affected with Marek's disease were tested by the allergic skin reaction for delayed hypersensitivity against myelin and myelin preparations of peripheral nerves. 19 animals proofed to be positive in the skin test, yet there was no correlation with the intensity of the nerve affections. 4 animals with severe mononuclear neural infiltrations didn't show any allergic skin reaction. It could be demonstrated that in Marek's disease lymphocytes are sensitized against components of the peripheral myelin. Thereafter, Marek's disease stands in analogy to the Guillain-Barré syndrome of man, as well as to experimental allergic neuritis.

The authors determined the levels of the immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and IgM in the serum of 70 patients with chronical brucellosis which was diagnosed on the basis of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory examinations. The Ig-levels were compared with immunoserological reactions of brucellosis as Wright, Coombs, Burnet, complement fixation tests. A significant increase of immunoglobulin G without a positive correlation with the values of immunoserological reactions was found.

Incubation of Rh positive ghosts with phospholipase A2 and C abolished the adsorption of Rh antibodies on the ghosts; incubation with phospholipase D, however, did not affect their adsorption and none of these phospholipases affected the adsorption of antibodies of the ABO system. The impairment of antigen-antibody-reaction in Rh positive ghosts treated with phospholipase corresponds to the absence of the antigen-antibody reaction with the membrane protein associated with Rh characteristics in the Schultz-Dale-Test. The chromatogram of the phospholipids extracted from those stromata treated with various phospholipases and those not treated showed different patterns. After incubation with phospholipase-A2 the lecithin and cephalin streaks were reduced and in addition lysophosphatide and fatty acid streaks were detected. In the case of phospholipase C the lecithin and cephalin streaks were further reduced while diglyceride streaks made their appearance. The phospholipid extracts from those stromata treated with phospholipase D and those not treated were identical. Phospholipase C reduced the values of lipid phosphorus more than did phospholipase A2, while phospholipase D did not reduce them at all. This study supports the results of other investigators who have postulated that the Rh antigens are located in a lipoprotein on the membrane of the human erythrocyte. The antigen-antibody-reaction seems to require a precise protein-phospholipid interaction.

The serum levels of IgA, IgM, IgG and IgD were determined in patients with Down's syndrome (69 cases), Oligophrenia (101 cases) and Morbus Wilson (18 cases). In sera from Down's syndrome patients a significant increase in the levels of IgA, IgG and IgD were found. IgM levels were identical to those of healthy controls. The immunoglobulin levels in both the oligophrenia and Wilson's disease patients were not different from those of controls.

In 10 patients with lung fibrosis the serum levels of immunglobulins G, A and M were determined before and after a 3 days-treatment by D-Penicillamine (1.0 g/die i.v.) by the radialimmunodiffusion method of Mancini. There is a fall in the immunglobulins IgG and IgM, the levels of IgA are not lowered. Continuing the treatment with 2 times 1.00 g D-Penicillamine per day for 3 further days does not lower the levels of IgM and IgG further.

Monospecifically reacting T-antisera can be prepared by the absorption technique of Takizawa, Akiyama and Miyamoto for the Streptococcus pyogenes types 3, 13, B3264 and by conventional techniques for the types 41 and 56. The findings were confirmed by correlation of the T-type with the M-type. This method to a large extent enables typing of group A-streptococcal strains with the T-complex 3, 13, B3264. M-precipitation allows this to a far lesser degree, since M-antigens are produced by only a fairly small percentage of these types. Approximately 90 percent of the 1132 strains agglutinating with T 3, 13, B3264-complex antiserum could be assigned to one of these 3 types by use of monospecifically reacting T-antisera. The epidemiological analysis is considerably improved by this system. The results of the T-typing are in agreement with the outcome of the serum opacity reaction (SOR). Strains belonging to types 3, 41 and 56 react negatively in the SOR, strains of type 13 and B3264 show a positive SOR. The types 33, 43, 52 and 53 possess an identical T-antigen, so that monospecifically reacting T-antisera could not be prepared for these types.