Zeitschrift fur Immunitatsforschung, experimentelle und klinische Immunologie最新文献

The absorbing and precipitating capacity of leucocyte nuclear suspensions derived from conserved blood of various blood groups was examined with anti-A-, anti-B-, anti-H, anti-M-, anti-N-, and anti-CDE-, and anti-D-sera as well as with anti-AHP- and Evonymus-extracts. Nuclei of blood group A absorbed anti-A, but not anti-B; nuclei of blood group B absorbed anti-B, but not anti-A. Nuclei of blood group 0 absorbed anti-H, but neither anti-A nor anti-B. Anti-M-, anti-N-, anti-CDE-, and anti-D-sera showed no absorption effect after incubation with leucocyte nuclei of corresponding blood groups. A nuclei were strongly precipitated by anti-AHP; B- and 0-nuclei were markedly precipitated by Evonymus-extract. B- and 0-nuclei showed only a weak precipitation with anti-AHP-extract; A-nuclei were only slightly precipitated by Evonymus-extract. Hence, leucocyte nuclei possess blood group specific properties, which, according to the present studies, are limited to certain blood group systems.

The sensitivity of NZB/Bl and NZB/Swiss Fl hybride mice spleen lymphocytes to DNA was examined using the MIF production and inhibition of migration from artificial fragment. The positivity was found in the group of old mice which was considered as an indication of spontaneous autoimmune process. The possible mechanism of this process is discussed.

The direct tumor inhibiting capacity of spleen and lymph node cells obtained from mice in different stages of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV-M)-induced tumor development was studied. MSV-M producing ascitic tumor cells with a tumor dosis50 of about 10(3) cells and a mean latent period--depending on the amount of transplanted cells--of6-12 days were used as target cells. They were mixed with dilutions of spleen and lymph node cells obtained from mice at various times after infection with MSV-M. The cell mixtures were incubated for 5 hours, then injected into mice, and tumor inhibiting activity was determined after an observation period of 14 days. Tumor inhibiting capacity was demonstrated with cells harvested from mice 8 days after infection with MSV-M, it was strongest with cells obtained at the stage of peak tumor size and during regression, and was still demonstrable with cells taken at the 86th day after infection. Pretreatment of the lymphoid cells with anti-0-antibodies and complement abolished the tumor inhibiting capacity. This result indicates that immune T cells abrogate the capacity of the ascitic tumor cells to induce tumor development.

Nine cases of autoantibodies in the ABO-system, found by routine investigations, showed the following specificities by agglutination, absorption, and elution techniques: 5 anti-AI, 2 anti-(not-I)-A, I anti-BI and 1 anti-HI. Neutralization experiments by blood group substances revealed heterogeneity among the 5 anti-AI-cases. This is interpreted by different antibody specificities directed against I-antigen components. The relations between the ABO- and Ii-systems are discussed. The occurrence of these antibodies is attributed to oligosaccharides, which are common to both antigen systems. The etiology remains unknown.

A microculture system is described for PHA-induced stimulation of human peripheral lymphocytes. Following purification on Ficoll-Isopaque cells are incubated in microplates (Falcon 3040) for 66 hours in 5% CO2 using PHA-P (Difco) as a stimulant. DNA-synthesis is measured by labelling with 3H-thymidine (spec. act. 400 mCi/mmole) 16 hours prior to the end of the test. Using a multiple automatic sample harvester rapid evaluation is possible. Several variables were analyzed and optimal conditions defined for PHA- and cell-concentration, time dependence, thymidine dosage and buffer capacity of the medium. High variability and otherwise unexplained loss of lymphocyte stimulation in a population of "normal donors" are often due to acute viral infections, especially during the incubation period. On the other hand, source and concentration of serum are of equal importance since sera of healthy individuals differ greatly in their capacity to support PHA-induced stimulation of normal allogeneic lymphocytes. Using pooled or autologous serum we found the reproducibility of the technique to be good. Provided optimal conditions are employed the microtest system described herein should be ideal for in-vitro-analysis of inhibitory or stimulating factors in cancer patients' sera.

Cultured melanoma cells were labeled with 3H-leucine over a period of 1-3 days. The labeled cells were mechanically disrupted and a preparation of "extranuclear membranes" was obtained by differential centrifugation. The membrane fragments were solubilized by the nonionic detergent NP-40 and the soluble material was double precipitated with antisera from melanoma patients and anti-human immunoglobulin sera. Because of the small quantitative differences of precipitated radiolabeled material between control and melanoma patients' sera, the precipitates were further analyzed on SDS-containing polyacrylamide gels. The labeled profiles of experimental and control gels now revealed clearcut differences usually seen in 2-3 characteristic peaks in the molecular weight range from 130,000-330,000.

Haemolymph from the elongate clam, Tridacna maxima (Röding) readily precipitates with H-blood group substances, pneumococcus type XIV polysaccharide, human milk and salivas, and with a number of polysaccharides which contain the O-SS-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-6)-D-galactose structure. Precipitation has been demonstrated using both gel diffusion and quantitative precipitin methods. T. maxima haemolymph strongly agglutinates human erythrocytes and haemagglutination can be inhibited by the same preparations which precipitate with the clam extract. Precipitins and haemagglutinins are inhibited by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and by D-galactose residues preferably in ss-linkage. After agar gel immunoelectrophoresis at pH 8.6, T. maxima precipitin arcs are found in the alpha-region. Precipitation and inhibition results suggest that T. maxima extract and purified precipitin, may find widespread application in the study of many biologically important carbohydrates and glycoproteins.

Determination of genetic properdin factor B(Bf) polymorphism was carried out in immunofixation electrophoresis. Genetics of factor B were also studied after ageing, conversion with cobra venom and neuraminidase. In population studies the distribution of factor B in a West German population of 1245 non-related individuals was found to be: Bf F 2.73%, Bf FS 28.43%, Bf S 65.38%. Rare phenotypes (F 1F,F 1S, FS 1, SS 1) were seen in 3.46%. In addition a new variant, designated F1.6S, was observed. The application of factor B polymorphism to 68 paternity cases is discussed.

A gel-filtration method for separating lysozyme from sera with haemolytic complement activity and/or antibody activity is described. It is shown that the gel-filtration has only a small effect, whereas bentonite absorption results in a known lost of haemolytic complement activity.

Viable spleen lymphocytes of 13 chickens with clinical and histological signs of Marek's disease were transferred by intravenous injection to 46 chickens 4-10 days old, X-rayed 24 hours before inoculation. Histologically Marek-like neural lesions were almost regularly observed in the chickens after 6-14 days. Chickens having received destroyed spleen lymphocytes of Marek-donors were free of nerve infiltrations. There were also no neural lesions detectable within 14 days after application of pathogenic Marek's disease virus alone, or in combination with viable spleen cells from healthy donors immunized against Marek's disease. These results exclude that the formation of neural lesions 6-14 days following the spleen cell transfer is solely induced by the virus.