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[Effect of population size of performance test on short-term selection result of sire line]. [性能试验群体大小对父系短期选择结果的影响]。
Hao Zhang, Jia-Qi Li, Chong Wang, Xiao-Hong Liu, Yao-Sheng Chen

The effects of the population size,boar to sow ratio,and the number of pigs tested per litter on the selection response and its coefficient of variation, inbreeding coefficient of sire line selection were studied. Pig populations of 100 to 500 sows were simulated with Monte Carlo method,and the ratios of boar to sow were 1:10 and 1:20. The number of pigs tested per litter were 2 and 4 composed equally of boars and gilts. The traits selected were average daily gain after weaning (ADG) and backfat thickness (BF) at 100 kg live weight. Breeding pigs were selected according to multiple-trait BLUP,and economic weight of BF was set as 2.5 times of that of ADG. After five generation selection, the results showed that the more the number of sows of the breeding population, the higher the cumulative selection response at 5th generation, and the slower the coefficient of inbreeding increment per generation, the smaller the coefficient of variation of the cumulative selection response at 5th generation. Increasing the number of pigs tested per litter and/or the boar to sow ratio increased the cumulative selection response at 5th generation, inbreeding coefficient increment per generation, and the coefficient of variation of the cumulative selection response at 5th generation. The cumulative selection response got higher and the increment of inbreeding coefficient slowed down significantly when the number of sows in the breeding population increased from 100 to 300,and the ratio of boar to sow and the number of pigs tested per litter were fixed. When the sow number of breeding population was increased from 300 to 400 above,the cumulative selection response only increased slightly,and the coefficient of inbreeding continued to decrease but at a diminished rate. In conclusion, for the short-term selection of sire line, it is recommended that the breeding population should be composed of 400 or above sows, 4 pigs tested per litter,and the ratio of boar to sow should be maintained at 1:20.

研究了群体规模、公母猪比、每窝试猪数对选择反应及其变异系数、近交系选择系数的影响。采用蒙特卡罗法模拟100 ~ 500头母猪的猪群,公母猪比分别为1:10和1:20。每窝试验猪数分别为2头和4头,公猪和后备猪各占1 / 2。选择的性状为断奶后平均日增重(ADG)和100 kg活重时背膘厚度(BF)。根据多性状BLUP选择种猪,设定BF经济重为平均日增重的2.5倍。经过五代选择,结果表明,繁殖群体母猪数量越多,第五代累积选择反应越高,每代近交增量系数越慢,第五代累积选择反应变异系数越小。提高每窝试验猪数和(或)母猪比可提高第5代累积选择反应、每代近交系数增量和第5代累积选择反应变异系数。当母猪数量从100头增加到300头时,在公母猪比和每窝试验猪数一定的情况下,累积选择反应增大,近交系系数的增加明显减缓。当母猪数量从300头增加到400头以上时,累积选择响应仅略有增加,近交系数继续下降,但下降幅度减小。综上所述,短期选育种猪时,建议种猪群规模在400头及以上,每窝4头试验猪,公母猪比保持在1:20。
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引用次数: 0
[Molecular basis of familial hypercholesterolemia-like phenotype heterogeneity]. [家族性高胆固醇样表型异质性的分子基础]。
Lü-Ya Wang, Jie Lin, Shu Liu, Bao-Sheng Chen

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH),which is caused by low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mutation, leads to LDL-R dysfunction and high plasma LDL level and early onset of cardiovascular disease. LDL-R mutation has been regarded as the only cause of FH phenotype. However, evidences from recent studies showed that another six gene mutations can also result in FH like phenotype through different mechanism. Further studies on these genes will clarify the mechanism of plasma LDL regulation and provide the molecular basis for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with FH-like phenotype. This review summarizes recent studies on the molecular basis of FH-like phenotype heterogeneity in the hope of drawing more attention to the disease.

家族性高胆固醇血症(Familial hypercholesterolemia, FH)是由低密度脂蛋白(LDL)受体突变引起的,可导致LDL- r功能障碍和高血浆LDL水平,并可早发心血管疾病。LDL-R突变被认为是FH表型的唯一原因。然而,最近的研究证据表明,另外6种基因突变也可以通过不同的机制导致FH样表型。进一步研究这些基因将阐明血浆LDL调控机制,为fh样表型患者的诊断和治疗提供分子基础。本文综述了近年来fh样表型异质性的分子基础研究,希望引起人们对该病的更多关注。
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引用次数: 0
[Bioinformatic analysis of the 14-3-3 gene family in rice]. 水稻14-3-3基因家族的生物信息学分析
Gu-Lei Jin, Xu-Sheng Wang, Jun Zhu

Using two-step HMM (hidden markov model) scan strategy,eight 14-3-3-like proteins were identified by searching the Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica protein database. From them four genes were newly detected in this study. We confined the genes expressing in Nipponbare by EST search. Expression analysis also showed each gene expressed diversely within any individual,this tends suggested specific function of particular gene. Alignment of amino acid sequences suggested that there could be isoform function of the specific residues. The analyses of gene structure and chromosome location indicated that rice genome contains both epsilon and no-epsilon forms of 14-3-3 proteins. In addition,we analyzed the evolution of the rice 14-3-3 protein family.

利用两步隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)扫描策略,对水稻(Oryza sativa L. ssp)进行检索,鉴定出8个14-3-3样蛋白。粳稻蛋白数据库。其中有4个基因是本研究新发现的。我们通过EST搜索限定了在日本的表达基因。表达分析还显示,每个基因在任何个体内的表达都是不同的,这往往暗示了特定基因的特定功能。氨基酸序列比对表明,特定残基可能具有同工异构体功能。基因结构和染色体定位分析表明,水稻基因组中含有14-3-3蛋白的epsilon和no-epsilon两种形式。此外,我们还分析了水稻14-3-3蛋白家族的进化过程。
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引用次数: 0
[Expression of two plant agglutinin genes in transgenic tobacco plants]. [转基因烟草植物中两种植物凝集素基因的表达]。
Zhao-Hua Liu, Zhen-Shan Zhang, Hong-Nian Guo, Yan-Tao Jia, Guang-Yu Zheng, Ying-Chuan Tian

A plant expression vector pBACG containing the DNA sequence coding for Amaranthus caudatus agglutinin (ACA) and a modified Glanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) gene was constructed. Leaf explants of Nicotiana tobacum cv. SRI were transformed with A. tumefaciens LBA4404 harbouring the above expression vector. Results from PCR and Southern blotting analysis showed that both the ACA and GNA gene were inserted into the genome of transformed tobacco plants. Western blottingting analysis of soluble protein isolated from transgenic plants showed that ACA and GNA were synthesized. The results from insect bioassay with peach aphids ( Myzus persicae) revealed that the transgenic plants of pBACG had acquired high resistance against peach aphids. The average aphid-inhibition rate reached up to 83.9% and 85.3% for transgenic plants (T0) and their selfed progenies (T1) respectively,indicating that the functions of these two genes were inheritable.

构建了一种植物表达载体 pBACG,其中含有编码茎苋凝集素(ACA)和改良的茎苋凝集素(GNA)基因的 DNA 序列。用携带上述表达载体的 A. tumefaciens LBA4404 转化烟草烟叶品种 SRI 的叶片外植体。PCR 和 Southern 印迹分析结果表明,ACA 和 GNA 基因都插入了转化烟草植株的基因组中。对从转基因植株中分离出的可溶性蛋白进行的 Western 印迹分析表明,转基因植株合成了 ACA 和 GNA。桃蚜(Myzus persicae)昆虫生物测定结果表明,pBACG 转基因植株对桃蚜具有很强的抗性。转基因植株(T0)及其自交后代(T1)的平均蚜虫抑制率分别达到 83.9% 和 85.3%,表明这两个基因的功能是可遗传的。
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引用次数: 0
[Cloning of ACC oxidase gene and inhibition of endogenous gene expression with RNAi in cauliflower]. [花椰菜ACC氧化酶基因的克隆及RNAi抑制内源基因表达]。
Yin-Hua Chen, Jun-Hong Zhang, Bo Ouyang, Han-Xia Li, Zhi-Biao Ye

A fragment of 1202 bp of the candidate ACO gene was amplified from the cauliflower (brassica oleracea Var. botrytis) genome using the degenerated primers which were designed according to the consensus sequence of ACO amino acids among various plant species. The result of BLAST showed the sequence presented a very high match with the ACO genes from other plants; the homologue was from 83% to 99%. Three exons and two introns were identified in this sequence. The spliced length of mRNA was 756 nt and encoded 252 amino acids. The putative new gene was denominated BoACO, and submitted to GenBank (AY676466). Using the sequence, we constructed an RNA interference (RNAi) transformation vector through the way of BP cloning. The transformation into cauliflower was performed. Five regenerated plants with kanamycin resistance were obtained. And the transgene integrated into cauliflower genome was proved with PCR and Southern blotting. The expression of this ACO gene is down-regulated based on the Northern blotting in the transgenic plants. The activity of ACO enzyme was depressed significantly.

利用根据不同植物间ACO氨基酸的一致序列设计的退化引物,从菜花(brassica oleracea Var. botrytis)基因组中扩增出候选ACO基因1202bp的片段。BLAST结果表明,该序列与其他植物的ACO基因具有很高的匹配度;同源性在83% ~ 99%之间。在该序列中鉴定出3个外显子和2个内含子。mRNA的剪接长度为756 nt,编码252个氨基酸。新基因命名为BoACO,已提交GenBank (AY676466)。利用该序列,通过BP克隆的方法构建了RNA干扰(RNAi)转化载体。将其转化为菜花。获得了5株卡那霉素抗性再生植株。并通过PCR和Southern blotting验证了该基因在花椰菜基因组中的整合。Northern印迹分析表明,该基因在转基因植株中的表达下调。ACO酶活性显著降低。
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引用次数: 0
[Cloning and analysis of a new NBS-LRR resistance gene family in rice]. 水稻NBS-LRR抗性新基因家族的克隆与分析
Shi-Quan Wang, De-Chun Zhang, Ping Li, Xu-Dong Wang, Shi-Gui Li, Li-Huang Zhu, Wen-Xue Zhai

Sequence-based gene isolation has been a practical approach for plant resistance gene cloning. In this study, RS13, a cloned rice sequence with the NBS (nucleotide-binding site) domain of resistance genes, was used as a probe to screen a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of rice variety IR64,and four positive clones were obtained. Of them the clone 14E19 covered the other three clones and was sequenced through a shotgun approach. The whole sequence of the insert fragment of 14E19 was assembled into approximately 73 kb in length. Genes on the whole assembled sequence were predicted,and four genes encoding NBS and LRR (leucine-rich repeat) domains were found, named as NL-A, B, C and D respectively. For further analysis, another longer BAC clone,106P13, covering 14E19 on the same chromosome position was identified from a BAC library of IRBB56 which had the same genome background with IR64. Ten NL-homologous copies were discovered on the sequence of the BAC clone 106P13, and four copies were identical with those on 14E19. The similar homologous sequences were also found in the genomic sequences of Nipponbare,93-11 and Guangluai4. However, NL sequences were less homologous with the known NBS-LRR resistance genes. This result indicated that NL was a new NBS-LRR gene family and was composed of ten members at least. RT-PCR and cDNA screening displayed that NL-B expressed in a bacterial blight-resistant rice variety IRBB4, indicating the gene was possibly involved in resistance reactions.

基于序列的基因分离是植物抗性基因克隆的一种实用方法。本研究以具有抗性基因NBS(核苷酸结合位点)结构域的水稻克隆序列RS13为探针,对水稻品种IR64的细菌人工染色体(BAC)文库进行筛选,获得4个阳性克隆。其中克隆14E19覆盖了其他三个克隆,并通过散弹法对其进行了测序。14E19插入片段的整个序列被组装成大约73 kb的长度。对整个组装序列进行基因预测,发现编码NBS和LRR (leucines -rich repeat)结构域的4个基因,分别命名为NL-A、B、C和D。为了进一步分析,从IRBB56的BAC文库中鉴定出另一个较长的BAC克隆106P13,该克隆覆盖了同一染色体位置的14E19,与IR64具有相同的基因组背景。在BAC克隆106P13的序列上发现了10个nl同源拷贝,其中4个与14E19的序列相同。在Nipponbare、93-11和Guangluai4的基因组序列中也发现了相似的同源序列。NL序列与已知NBS-LRR抗性基因同源性较差。这表明NL是一个新的NBS-LRR基因家族,至少由10个成员组成。RT-PCR和cDNA筛选结果显示,NL-B基因在水稻白叶枯病抗性品种IRBB4中表达,表明该基因可能参与了抗性反应。
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引用次数: 0
[QTL mapping and interaction analysis of genotype x environment (Fe2+ -concentrations ) for mesocotyl length in rice (Oryza sativa L.)]. 水稻(Oryza sativa L.)中胚轴长度基因型x环境(Fe2+浓度)QTL定位与互作分析[j]。
You-Nan Ouyang, Qiu-Ying Zhang, Ke-Qin Zhang, Sheng-Miao Yu, Jie-Yun Zhuang, Qian-Yu Jin, Shi-Hua Cheng

A recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross between Zhenshan97B and Miyang46 was used for detecting QTLs with additive effects and additive-by-additive epistasis for rice mesocotyl length. A linkage map consisting of 207 DNA markers,distributing on the 12 chromosomes of rice,was employed for QTL mapping by using software QTL Mapper 1.6 of mixed linear model. Rice mesocotyl length under germination conditions with 4 different FeSO4 concentrations (0, 1.79, 7.16, 14.32 mmol/L) was measured 7 days after planting. A total of 6 QTLs with significant additive effects on chromosome 1, 5 and 9, with variance explained of 3.5%-11.4%, eleven QTLs with significant additive x additive epistatic effects on chromosome 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8 were detected, with variance explained of 4.5%-8.1%. In addition, one QTL for environmental interaction (Fe2+ -concentrations) was detected.

利用珍汕97b与密阳46杂交的重组自交系(RILs)群体,对水稻中胚轴长度具有加性效应和加性间上位性的qtl进行了检测。利用混合线性模型软件QTL Mapper 1.6对分布在水稻12条染色体上的207个DNA标记进行QTL定位。测定了4种不同浓度FeSO4(0、1.79、7.16、14.32 mmol/L)萌发条件下水稻中胚轴长度。在1、5、9号染色体上共检测到6个显著加性效应的qtl,方差解释范围为3.5% ~ 11.4%;在1、2、3、4、5、8号染色体上共检测到11个显著加性x加性显性效应的qtl,方差解释范围为4.5% ~ 8.1%。此外,还检测到1个环境相互作用QTL (Fe2+ -浓度)。
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引用次数: 0
[Identification of genes related to resistance to Magnaporthe grisea using differential display technique in rice]. [利用差异展示技术鉴定水稻抗稻瘟病相关基因]。
Hai-Ying Zhang, Yong Liu, Dong-Cheng Liu, Xiu-Zhi Wang, Chao Wang, Ling-Xia Wang, Ai-Min Zhang, Ping Li

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea is one of the most serious constraints on high productivity. Understanding the mechanism of the infection of Magnaporthe grisea and the change of gene expression after infection is useful to control blast disease in rice. This work presents the isolation of differentially expressed cDNA fragments from rice leaf induced by the inoculum suspension of Magnaporthe grisea using mRNA differential display technique. Total 87 differential expressed cDNA fragments were recoveried and reamplified. The dot-blotting results showed that 6 fragments of 81 were confirmed to be the expression induced by Magnaporthe grisea inoculum. Those fragments were then cloned into vectors for sequencing. Sequence analysis through Internet Blast searching showed that 3 fragments were novel gene fragments. One was homologous with a putative malate synthase gene on rice chromosome 4 with 78% identities of amino acid; one was highly homologous (75% identity) with rice RPR1 gene on chromosome 11, which has a conservative structure of NBS-LRR domain and may be related to signal transduction of rice defense reaction;another one was homologous with a putative thioredoxin gene on rice chromosome 6 with the identity of 72%.

稻瘟病是制约水稻高产的最严重因素之一。了解稻瘟病的侵染机制及侵染后基因表达的变化,有助于水稻稻瘟病的防治。利用mRNA差异显示技术从稻瘟病病菌接种悬浮液诱导的水稻叶片中分离出差异表达的cDNA片段。共有87个差异表达的cDNA片段被恢复并重新扩增。点印迹结果表明,81个片段中有6个片段被证实是由稻瘟病病菌接种诱导的表达。然后将这些片段克隆到载体中进行测序。Internet Blast检索序列分析显示,其中3段为新基因片段。其中一个与水稻4号染色体上推测的苹果酸合成酶基因同源,氨基酸同源性为78%;一个与水稻11号染色体上的RPR1基因高度同源(同源度为75%),该基因具有NBS-LRR结构域的保守结构,可能与水稻防御反应的信号转导有关;另一个与水稻6号染色体上推定的硫氧还蛋白基因同源,同源度为72%。
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引用次数: 0
[Studies on the cytological characters of the interspecific hybrid F1 among the cultivated species in Gossypium and their genetic relationship]. 棉花栽培种间杂种F1的细胞学特征及其亲缘关系研究。
Yan-Hui Gao, Shui-Jin Zhu, Dao-Fan Ji

Interspescific hybridization among four cultivated species in Gossypium (G. herbaceum, G. arboreum, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense) were carried out to produce dispecific hybrids F1, (G. arboreum x G. herbaceum) F1 and (G. hirsutum x G. barbadense) F1, and quadrispecific hybrid F1, which was produced by crossed the chromosome doubled (G. arboreum x G. herbaceum) F1 with (G. hirsutum x G. barbadense) F1. In order to study the evolution relationship among the four cultivated species in Gossypium, the characteristic of chromosome behavior during the meiosis and pollen viability in those interspecific hybrids F1 were studied in this paper. The results showed that the diploid interspecific hybrid, (G. arboreum x G. herbaceum) F1, had a four-chromosome-ring, the chromosome configuration was 2n = 26 = 11 II + 1 IV. And the normal pollen percent was 50.71%, which showed the character of typical gamete semi-sterility, and approved that there was a chromosome translocation between the two diploid cotton species, G. arboreum and G. herbaceum. For the allotetraploid species interspecific hybrid F1, (G. hirsutum x G. barbadense) F1, most of the chromosomes at metaphase I could be paired into bivalents, with a few number of univalents, trivalents, and quardrivalents. The chromosome configuration was 2n = 52 = 0.78 I +22.24 II +0.94 III +0.98 IV, with a normal pollen rate of 54. 84%. The experiment showed that there were a few chromosome translocation or chromosome inversion between the two allotetraploid cotton species, G. hirsutum and G. barbadenses. The meiosis of the quardrispecific hybrid F1 was abnormal, and the loss of chromosomes was common. Most of the chromosomes could not synapse at metaphase I, which led to many univalents and some multivalents. The chromosome configuration of the quardrispecific hybrid F1 was 2n = 52 = 5.45 I +14.41 II +2.44 III +1.59 IV +0.63 V +0.15 VI, and the normal pollen rate was 6.87%, which showed that the relationship of four cultivated cotton species was relatively closed. It is possible to produce a new germplasm with the good characters of the four cultivated species through genetic recombination.

将棉花属4个栽培种(草木、木本、毛毛和巴巴多斯)进行种间杂交,获得单种杂种F1、(木本×草木)F1和(毛毛×巴巴多斯)F1,以及将(木本×草木)F1与(毛毛×巴巴多斯)F1染色体双倍杂交而成的四种杂种F1。为了研究棉属4个栽培种间的进化关系,本文研究了种间杂种F1减数分裂时的染色体行为特征和花粉活力。结果表明,二倍体种间杂交种(木棉x草棉)F1具有一个四染色体环,染色体构型为2n = 26 = 11 II + 1 IV,正常花粉率为50.71%,表现出典型配子半不育的性状,说明木棉和草棉两种二倍体棉花之间存在染色体易位。异源四倍体种间杂交(G. hirsutum x G. barbadense) F1中,I期大部分染色体可以配对成二价染色体,有少量的一价染色体、三价染色体和四价染色体。染色体构型为2n = 52 = 0.78 I +22.24 II +0.94 III +0.98 IV,正常花粉率为54。84%。结果表明,两种异源四倍体棉花存在少量染色体易位或倒位现象。四种杂种F1减数分裂异常,染色体丢失常见。大多数染色体在I中期不能突触,这导致了许多单价染色体和一些多价染色体。四种杂种F1的染色体构型为2n = 52 = 5.45 I +14.41 II +2.44 III +1.59 IV +0.63 V +0.15 VI,正常花粉率为6.87%,表明4种栽培棉花亲缘关系较近。通过基因重组,可以获得具有这四种栽培种优良性状的新种质。
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引用次数: 0
Constructing linkage maps with achiasmatic gametogenesis. 构建非合配子发生的连锁图谱。
Ji-Xiang Wu, Jun Zhu, Johnie N Jenkins, Jack C McCarty

Maximum likelihood (ML) approach is used for estimating recombination frequency based on the achiasmatic model and the corresponding software package is developed for constructing linkage maps for achiasmatic organisms (F2 populations). The detection of sex-linked markers is done through a chi-square test. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted for comparing estimation of recombination frequency and mapping powers between these two genetic models (chiasmatic and achiasmatic models) when the achiasmata occurs. Simulation results showed that the achiasmatic model could provide unbiased estimations, while the chiasmatic model (without correction) gave under-estimates. The powers of grouping and ordering by the achiasmatic model were greater than those by the chiasmatic model (without correction) for all cases. ML approach based on the achiasmatic model can be used without correcting the data to obtain desirable linkage map powers in achiasmatic organisms.

利用最大似然(ML)方法估计了非交叉模型的重组频率,并开发了相应的软件包,用于构建非交叉生物(F2群体)的连锁图谱。性别连锁标记的检测是通过卡方检验完成的。通过蒙特卡罗模拟,比较了两种遗传模型(交叉模型和非交叉模型)在发生非交叉时的重组频率和作图能力的估计。仿真结果表明,交叉模型可以提供无偏估计,而交叉模型(未经校正)给出的估计较低。在所有情况下,非交叉模型的分组和排序能力均大于交叉模型(未经校正)。基于非交叉模型的机器学习方法可以在不校正数据的情况下使用,以获得理想的非交叉生物体的连锁图谱功率。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Yi chuan xue bao = Acta genetica Sinica
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