Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.26596/wn.202213446-53
Courtney Anderson, L. Swanepoel
Despite progress in various areas of development, rates of food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty remain high. Additional environmental pressures such as climate change, loss of biodiversity and environmental degradation continue to disproportionately impact those who are most vulnerable. Inclusive models of co-operative action, as emphasised in the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, are valued for their potential to solve development challenges, promote sustainable development outcomes, and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. International co-operation policy plays a crucial role in shaping how these international partnerships play out in practice. Over the several decades, the international development co-operation landscape has been shifting with a push for more ‘horizontal’ partnerships. Triangular co-operation is a potential model of partnership that embraces inclusivity and horizontality and is seen as a means to achieve the sustainable development agenda. In Australia, the election of a new federal government in May 2022 brought with it a renewed commitment to official development assistance and development co-operation policy and partnerships. The aim of this commentary is to take stock, pause, and reflect on how Australia currently ‘does development partnerships’ as well as looking to the future and the opportunities for change.
{"title":"Rethinking Australia’s role in international co-operation for the Sustainable Development Goals: Towards transformative horizontal partnerships through triangular co-operation","authors":"Courtney Anderson, L. Swanepoel","doi":"10.26596/wn.202213446-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202213446-53","url":null,"abstract":"Despite progress in various areas of development, rates of food insecurity, malnutrition and poverty remain high. Additional environmental pressures such as climate change, loss of biodiversity and environmental degradation continue to disproportionately impact those who are most vulnerable. Inclusive models of co-operative action, as emphasised in the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, are valued for their potential to solve development challenges, promote sustainable development outcomes, and to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. International co-operation policy plays a crucial role in shaping how these international partnerships play out in practice. Over the several decades, the international development co-operation landscape has been shifting with a push for more ‘horizontal’ partnerships. Triangular co-operation is a potential model of partnership that embraces inclusivity and horizontality and is seen as a means to achieve the sustainable development agenda. In Australia, the election of a new federal government in May 2022 brought with it a renewed commitment to official development assistance and development co-operation policy and partnerships. The aim of this commentary is to take stock, pause, and reflect on how Australia currently ‘does development partnerships’ as well as looking to the future and the opportunities for change.","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"186 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84556413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alan Berg","authors":"S. Gillespie","doi":"10.26596/wn.202213487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202213487","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80495222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.26596/wn.202213421-28
Ope Zacchaeus Adeyanju, G. Fadupin
Background/Objective: Double burden of malnutrition, characterized by undernutrition among poor children and overnutrition among disadvantaged adults coexisting in the same population group or household, is a serious global problem. The objective of this study was to assess double burden of malnutrition among mothers and their under-five children in rural communities of Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study adopted a two-stage random sampling to recruit 217 mother-child pairs from 18 rural communities in Ido and Akinyele Local Government Areas of Ibadan. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics and personal characteristics of mothers and their under-five children respectively. Anthropometric characteristics of mothers was obtained and their Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined using WHO classification. Children anthropometry was measured and expressed as stunting (height-for-age), wasting (weight-for-height) and underweight (weight-for-age) using WHO Anthro. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and correlation at 0.05 level of significance. Results: Age of mothers and under-five children were 32.3±6.2 years and 35.3±14.1 months respectively. Household size was 6.3±1.7 and 62.2% had no formal education. Underweight, overweight and obesity among mothers were 9.2%, 15.2% and 3.2%, respectively. Among children, underweight, stunting and wasting were 30.4%, 40.6% and 7.8%, respectively. Household size was significantly associated with stunting. Mothers’ BMI was positively and significantly correlated with height-for-age (r=0.173), weight-for-height (r=0.150) and weight-for-age (r=0.250) in children. Conclusion: This study confirms coexistence of double burden of malnutrition at household level in this rural areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. That is the concurrence of child undernutrition and maternal under and overnutrition in the same household surveyed, which was characterized by a high prevalence of undernutrition particularly stunting early in life. Therefore, a comprehensive nutritional programme that is context-specific targeted at rural women and their children should be implemented. Keywords: Overnutrition, Rural women, Under-five children, Nutritional status, undernutrition
{"title":"Double burden of malnutrition among mothers and their under five children in rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Ope Zacchaeus Adeyanju, G. Fadupin","doi":"10.26596/wn.202213421-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202213421-28","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objective: Double burden of malnutrition, characterized by undernutrition among poor children and overnutrition among disadvantaged adults coexisting in the same population group or household, is a serious global problem. The objective of this study was to assess double burden of malnutrition among mothers and their under-five children in rural communities of Ibadan, Nigeria. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study adopted a two-stage random sampling to recruit 217 mother-child pairs from 18 rural communities in Ido and Akinyele Local Government Areas of Ibadan. A semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics and personal characteristics of mothers and their under-five children respectively. Anthropometric characteristics of mothers was obtained and their Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined using WHO classification. Children anthropometry was measured and expressed as stunting (height-for-age), wasting (weight-for-height) and underweight (weight-for-age) using WHO Anthro. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and correlation at 0.05 level of significance. \u0000Results: Age of mothers and under-five children were 32.3±6.2 years and 35.3±14.1 months respectively. Household size was 6.3±1.7 and 62.2% had no formal education. Underweight, overweight and obesity among mothers were 9.2%, 15.2% and 3.2%, respectively. Among children, underweight, stunting and wasting were 30.4%, 40.6% and 7.8%, respectively. Household size was significantly associated with stunting. Mothers’ BMI was positively and significantly correlated with height-for-age (r=0.173), weight-for-height (r=0.150) and weight-for-age (r=0.250) in children. \u0000Conclusion: This study confirms coexistence of double burden of malnutrition at household level in this rural areas of Ibadan, Nigeria. That is the concurrence of child undernutrition and maternal under and overnutrition in the same household surveyed, which was characterized by a high prevalence of undernutrition particularly stunting early in life. Therefore, a comprehensive nutritional programme that is context-specific targeted at rural women and their children should be implemented. \u0000Keywords: Overnutrition, Rural women, Under-five children, Nutritional status, undernutrition","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81679939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.26596/wn.202213471-74
George Kent
On October 28, 2022 Michael Fakhri, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food presented a report to the United Nations General Assembly, the highest level of governance in the world (Fakhri, Michael 2022). He called on the United Nations system to strengthen its efforts to ensure fulfillment of the right to food. These Special Rapporteurs have led the efforts for many years. In 2005 I published a book titled Freedom From Want: The Human Right to Adequate food. (Kent 2005). Its preface was written by Jean Zeigler, the first United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, starting in 2000. He summarized my book, with a conclusion that in effect introduces this commentary: “Human rights are not only unashamedly utopian, but also eminently practical. Human rights can make a difference. It is time to make the right to food a reality.” This commentary discusses how the goal of making the right to food a reality could be expedited by developing a clear and widely shared understanding of what it means.
2022年10月28日，联合国食物权问题特别报告员Michael Fakhri向联合国大会提交了一份报告，这是世界上最高级别的治理(Fakhri, Michael 2022)。他呼吁联合国系统加强努力，确保实现食物权。这些特别报告员多年来一直领导着这些努力。2005年，我出版了一本名为《免于匮乏:获得充足食物的人权》的书。肯特(2005)。该书的序言由联合国首位食物权问题特别报告员让·齐格勒(Jean Zeigler)于2000年开始撰写。他对我的书进行了总结，结论实际上引入了以下评论:“人权不仅是无耻的乌托邦，而且是非常实际的。人权可以带来改变。现在是让食物权成为现实的时候了。”本评论讨论了如何通过对食物权的含义形成明确和广泛的理解来加快实现实现食物权的目标。
{"title":"What is the right to food?","authors":"George Kent","doi":"10.26596/wn.202213471-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202213471-74","url":null,"abstract":"On October 28, 2022 Michael Fakhri, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food presented a report to the United Nations General Assembly, the highest level of governance in the world (Fakhri, Michael 2022). He called on the United Nations system to strengthen its efforts to ensure fulfillment of the right to food. These Special Rapporteurs have led the efforts for many years. In 2005 I published a book titled Freedom From Want: The Human Right to Adequate food. (Kent 2005). Its preface was written by Jean Zeigler, the first United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food, starting in 2000. He summarized my book, with a conclusion that in effect introduces this commentary: “Human rights are not only unashamedly utopian, but also eminently practical. Human rights can make a difference. It is time to make the right to food a reality.” This commentary discusses how the goal of making the right to food a reality could be expedited by developing a clear and widely shared understanding of what it means.","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86392711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liver fat in adult survivors of childhood severe acute malnutrition is associated with rates of growth during and after nutritional rehabilitation","authors":"D. Thompson","doi":"10.26596/wn.202213484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202213484","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77807490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to World Nutrition, Issue 4 for 2022","authors":"T. Greiner","doi":"10.26596/wn.20221341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.20221341","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83115033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.26596/wn.202213454-63
Jody Harris, A. Carriedo, W. Freire, L. du Plessis, J. Yates, S. Kadiyala, J. Badham, S. Gillespie, T. Greiner
Making contributions to reducing malnutrition entails sharing evidence and approaches among the research and practice communities, including through conferences. But who is involved in these processes, including who pays, matters both in terms of actions and optics. This paper was motivated by observations – in 2022 and historically – that the International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS), in putting on its flagship International Congress of Nutrition (ICN), was leaving itself – and, by extension, participating scientists – open to conflicts of interest (COI). With contemporary scholarship on the commercial determinants of health making clear the ways in which this kind of sponsorship represents both a conflict of interest for nutrition events and a negative force in broader food system drivers of nutrition, this paper aims to document the issues surrounding the 2022 IUNS-ICN conference as historical record; draw on academic literature on conflict of interest to better understand the issue; and suggest some practical options moving towards COI-free nutrition events in the future.
{"title":"Conflict of interest in nutrition conference financing: Moving towards solutions after IUNS 2022","authors":"Jody Harris, A. Carriedo, W. Freire, L. du Plessis, J. Yates, S. Kadiyala, J. Badham, S. Gillespie, T. Greiner","doi":"10.26596/wn.202213454-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202213454-63","url":null,"abstract":"Making contributions to reducing malnutrition entails sharing evidence and approaches among the research and practice communities, including through conferences. But who is involved in these processes, including who pays, matters both in terms of actions and optics. This paper was motivated by observations – in 2022 and historically – that the International Union of Nutritional Sciences (IUNS), in putting on its flagship International Congress of Nutrition (ICN), was leaving itself – and, by extension, participating scientists – open to conflicts of interest (COI). With contemporary scholarship on the commercial determinants of health making clear the ways in which this kind of sponsorship represents both a conflict of interest for nutrition events and a negative force in broader food system drivers of nutrition, this paper aims to document the issues surrounding the 2022 IUNS-ICN conference as historical record; draw on academic literature on conflict of interest to better understand the issue; and suggest some practical options moving towards COI-free nutrition events in the future. ","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81768029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.26596/wn.202213490-91
C. Schuftan
{"title":"Commentary on CFS50, FAO Committee on Food Security","authors":"C. Schuftan","doi":"10.26596/wn.202213490-91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202213490-91","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"7 Suppl 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83731319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Thompson, Kimberley McKenzie, A. Badaloo, C. Taylor-Bryan, I. Tennant, Deanne P Soares, Terrence Forrester, M. Boyne
BackgroundNutritional rehabilitation during severe acute malnutrition (SAM) aims to quickly restore a healthy body weight, but rapid weight gain has been associated with later cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that faster weight gain during SAM rehabilitation and post-hospitalization is associated with liver fat in adult survivors.MethodJamaican adult survivors of childhood SAM underwent abdominal CT scan to estimate liver fat as mean liver attenuation (MLA) and liver spleen ratio (L/S). Birth weight (BW) and anthropometry measured during, and post-hospitalization were abstracted from admission records.ResultsWe studied 42 marasmus survivors (MRs) and 40 kwashiorkor survivors (KWs). MRs had a lower mean BW (SD) 2.5 (0.8) vs 3.0 (0.7) kg; p=0.01) and were more wasted (p<0.001) and stunted (p=0.03) than KWs on admission to hospital. MRs and KWs had similar rates of rehabilitation weight gain, which was inversely associated with MLA among all survivors of SM (r=-0.246, p=0.029), but only in MRs when assessed by diagnosis (r= -0.449, p=0.004). The association between rehabilitation weight gain and adult liver fat in MRs was not altered by BW, admission wasting or stunting. In KWs, post-hospitalization height gain was inversely associated with MLA (difference = -0.64, 95%CI: -0.64 to -0.13; p=0.006).ConclusionsFaster rehabilitation weight gain is associated with liver fat in adult survivors of childhood severe acute malnutrition. The finding that BW did not influence these outcomes may reflect the timing of the nutritional insult in utero. Target weight gain during nutritional rehabilitation may need to be lowered to optimize long-term outcomes in these children.
{"title":"Faster rehabilitation weight gain is associated with liver fat in adult survivors of childhood severe acute malnutrition","authors":"D. Thompson, Kimberley McKenzie, A. Badaloo, C. Taylor-Bryan, I. Tennant, Deanne P Soares, Terrence Forrester, M. Boyne","doi":"10.26596/wn.20221345-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.20221345-14","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundNutritional rehabilitation during severe acute malnutrition (SAM) aims to quickly restore a healthy body weight, but rapid weight gain has been associated with later cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that faster weight gain during SAM rehabilitation and post-hospitalization is associated with liver fat in adult survivors.MethodJamaican adult survivors of childhood SAM underwent abdominal CT scan to estimate liver fat as mean liver attenuation (MLA) and liver spleen ratio (L/S). Birth weight (BW) and anthropometry measured during, and post-hospitalization were abstracted from admission records.ResultsWe studied 42 marasmus survivors (MRs) and 40 kwashiorkor survivors (KWs). MRs had a lower mean BW (SD) 2.5 (0.8) vs 3.0 (0.7) kg; p=0.01) and were more wasted (p<0.001) and stunted (p=0.03) than KWs on admission to hospital. MRs and KWs had similar rates of rehabilitation weight gain, which was inversely associated with MLA among all survivors of SM (r=-0.246, p=0.029), but only in MRs when assessed by diagnosis (r= -0.449, p=0.004). The association between rehabilitation weight gain and adult liver fat in MRs was not altered by BW, admission wasting or stunting. In KWs, post-hospitalization height gain was inversely associated with MLA (difference = -0.64, 95%CI: -0.64 to -0.13; p=0.006).ConclusionsFaster rehabilitation weight gain is associated with liver fat in adult survivors of childhood severe acute malnutrition. The finding that BW did not influence these outcomes may reflect the timing of the nutritional insult in utero. Target weight gain during nutritional rehabilitation may need to be lowered to optimize long-term outcomes in these children.","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78800593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.26596/wn.202213475-80
Rachel E Braun
Growth charts are among the tools used by nutritionists to track infant and child well-being. Numerous countries have depicted growth charts on their postage stamps, along with other GOBI components of child health (oral rehydration, breastfeeding, and immunizations). Postage stamps are useful in conveying essential health information to the populace and they honor worldwide efforts to improve child health. This article presents examples of GOBI depictions on postage stamps around the world, with special focus on growth charts.
{"title":"Growth Charts on Postage Stamps","authors":"Rachel E Braun","doi":"10.26596/wn.202213475-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26596/wn.202213475-80","url":null,"abstract":"Growth charts are among the tools used by nutritionists to track infant and child well-being. Numerous countries have depicted growth charts on their postage stamps, along with other GOBI components of child health (oral rehydration, breastfeeding, and immunizations). Postage stamps are useful in conveying essential health information to the populace and they honor worldwide efforts to improve child health. This article presents examples of GOBI depictions on postage stamps around the world, with special focus on growth charts.","PeriodicalId":23779,"journal":{"name":"World review of nutrition and dietetics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87327857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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