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In-Band LOS Discovery Between Drones Using Highly Directional Transceivers 使用高定向收发器的无人机带内LOS发现
M. Khan, M. Yuksel
Line-of-sight (LOS) establishment is a significant part of the neighbor discovery process for an ad-hoc network with highly directional antennas/transceivers. And, this problem of establishing LOS between neighbor nodes become even more challenging when they have no a priori information about each other's location. In this paper, we present a heuristic for LOS neighbor discovery between two drones capable of scanning the 3D space around them using highly directional transceivers. The drones can mechanically steer their respective transceivers with randomly chosen angular speeds on arbitrary circular paths and perform a simple three-way handshake to discover each other. They change the circular scanning paths and angular speeds if the discovery is not successful within an optimal time interval. Through extensive simulations, we demonstrate that using such mechanically steerable highly directional transceivers, two neighbor drones can discover each other successfully even without prior location information about each other and without any omnidirectional out-of-band channel to exchange information with each other.
对于具有高定向天线/收发器的ad-hoc网络,视距(LOS)的建立是邻居发现过程的重要组成部分。并且,当邻居节点之间没有关于彼此位置的先验信息时,在它们之间建立LOS的问题变得更加具有挑战性。在本文中,我们提出了一种启发式方法,用于两架无人机之间的LOS邻居发现,能够使用高定向收发器扫描它们周围的3D空间。无人机可以机械地操纵各自的收发器,以随机选择的角速度在任意的圆形路径上运行,并执行简单的三次握手来发现对方。如果在最佳时间间隔内发现不成功,他们会改变圆形扫描路径和角速度。通过大量的仿真,我们证明了使用这种机械操纵的高定向收发器,两个相邻的无人机可以成功地发现彼此,即使没有彼此的事先位置信息,也没有任何全向带外信道相互交换信息。
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引用次数: 6
UAV-Direct: Facilitating D2D Communications for Dynamic and Infrastructure-less Networking UAV-Direct:促进动态和无基础设施网络的D2D通信
Ahmad Alsharoa, M. Yuksel
In this paper, a new and novel approach called (Unmanned Areal Vehicle) UAV-Direct is proposed, where the UAV helps in optimizing the bandwidth and power allocations of Device-to-Device (D2D) communication. In addition to that, the UAV can play the role of a relay if needed to maintain the communication links between the devices that are out of communication ranges of each other. We design a UAV-Direct protocol to manage the resource allocations to improve the system throughput. We formulate an optimization problem that maximizes the minimum device throughput while satisfying resource allocation constraints. Since the formulated optimization problem is non-convex, we propose to solve this problem in two steps. In the first step, a Taylor series successive convex approximation solution is proposed to optimize the resource allocations. Then, we propose an efficient algorithm based on a recursive shrink-and-realign process to optimize the UAV trajectory.
在本文中,提出了一种新的和新颖的方法(无人机区域车辆)UAV- direct,其中UAV有助于优化设备到设备(D2D)通信的带宽和功率分配。除此之外,如果需要,UAV可以扮演中继的角色,维持彼此不在通信范围内的设备之间的通信链路。我们设计了一个UAV-Direct协议来管理资源分配,以提高系统吞吐量。我们提出了一个优化问题,在满足资源分配约束的情况下,使最小设备吞吐量最大化。由于公式优化问题是非凸的,我们建议分两步解决这个问题。第一步,提出了一个泰勒级数连续凸逼近解来优化资源分配。在此基础上,提出了一种基于递归收缩-调整过程的高效无人机轨迹优化算法。
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引用次数: 8
Drones, Smartphones and Sensors to Face Natural Disasters 无人机、智能手机和传感器将面对自然灾害
Milan Erdelj, E. Natalizio
Many efforts are being done in order to recognize and forecast the occurrence of a natural disaster, in order to react in an efficient manner to the disaster in course of happening, and to quickly and efficiently assess the damage, fix and restore normal state [2–6]. Large-scale natural disasters test the most fundamental human instinct of survival by inflicting massive, and often unpredictable loss to life and property. Various types of natural disasters have been classified in [1] according to the technology that can be used to respond to them: geophysical (earthquake, tsunami, volcano, landslide, avalanche), hydrological (flash-floods, debris flow, floods), climatological (extreme temperature, drought, wildfire) andmeteorological (tropical storm, hurricane, sandstorm, heavy rainfall), among others, have caused losses of many lives in addition to increase in material losses in the order of 100% – 150% over the period of last 30 years [7]. Acknowledging the need for bolstering disaster resilience, this paper contributes a vision of leveraging the latest advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enhance the ability of network-assisted disaster prediction, assessment and response. Around 47% of the overall losses and 45% of the insured losses derived from inland flooding that occurred in Europe, Canada, Asia and Australia. Altogether, at around US$ 45bn, losses from natural catastrophes were below the average amount for the past ten years (US$ 85bn). Insured losses totaled approximately US$ 13bn. Thus, in this paper, we will focus our attention on inland flooding events, and a special emphasis will be given at mobility schemes for UAVs coverage [9].
为了识别和预测自然灾害的发生,为了在灾害发生过程中对灾害做出有效的反应,为了快速有效地评估损害,修复和恢复正常状态,人们正在做很多努力[2-6]。大规模的自然灾害给生命和财产造成巨大的、往往是不可预测的损失,考验着人类最基本的生存本能。根据可用于应对自然灾害的技术,将各种类型的自然灾害分为[1]:地球物理(地震、海啸、火山、滑坡、雪崩)、水文(山洪、泥石流、洪水)、气候(极端温度、干旱、野火)和气象(热带风暴、飓风、沙尘暴、强降雨)等,在过去30年里造成了许多生命损失,物质损失增加了100% - 150%[7]。认识到加强灾害恢复能力的必要性,本文提出了利用无线传感器网络(WSN)技术和无人机(uav)的最新进展来增强网络辅助灾害预测、评估和响应能力的愿景。在欧洲、加拿大、亚洲和澳大利亚,大约47%的总损失和45%的保险损失来自内陆洪水。总的来说,自然灾害造成的损失约为450亿美元,低于过去十年的平均水平(850亿美元)。保险损失总额约为130亿美元。因此,在本文中,我们将把注意力集中在内陆洪水事件上,并特别强调无人机覆盖的机动性方案[9]。
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引用次数: 12
Surveying Areas in Developing Regions Through Context Aware Drone Mobility 通过环境感知无人机移动在发展中地区测量区域
A. Montanari, Fredrika Kringberg, A. Valentini, C. Mascolo, A. Prorok
Developing regions are often characterized by large areas that are poorly reachable or explored. The mapping of these regions and the census of roaming populations in these areas are often difficult and sporadic. In this paper we put forward an approach to aid area surveying which relies on autonomous drone mobility. In particular we illustrate the two main components of the approach. An efficient on-device object detection component, built on Convolutional Neural Networks, capable of detecting human settlements and animals on the ground with acceptable performance (latency and accuracy) and a path planning component, informed by the object identification module, which exploits Artificial Potential Fields to dynamically adapt the flight in order to gather useful information of the environment, while keeping optimal flight paths. We report some initial performance results of the on board visual perception module and describe our experimental platform based on a fixed-wing aircraft.
发展中地区的特点往往是大面积难以到达或勘探。绘制这些地区的地图和对这些地区的流浪人口进行普查往往是困难的和零星的。本文提出了一种基于自主无人机机动性的辅助区域测量方法。我们特别说明了该方法的两个主要组成部分。一个高效的设备上目标检测组件,建立在卷积神经网络上,能够以可接受的性能(延迟和准确性)检测地面上的人类住区和动物;一个路径规划组件,由目标识别模块通知,利用人工势场动态适应飞行,以收集环境的有用信息,同时保持最佳飞行路径。我们报告了机载视觉感知模块的一些初步性能结果,并描述了基于固定翼飞机的实验平台。
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引用次数: 15
Axis- plus Content-based Control for Camera Drones: Design and Evaluation of User Interface Concepts 相机无人机的轴加内容控制:用户界面概念的设计和评估
Andreas Ellwanger, Axel Hoesl, A. Butz
It takes movie camera operators years of professional training to follow an object in an aesthetically pleasing way, both by classical means (boom, slider) and by drones. As this complex task requires a high workload and situation awareness while controlling the camera, an uncluttered and efficient user interface (UI) is preferred. The emergence of mobile devices and motion control devices incorporating automation made touch-based UIs attractive to operators. Much work has already been done on UI adaptation strategies. However, little work is trying to solve the problem of combining manual control and automation within a UI. Especially with a central premise of minimising occlusion and visual clutter in a cinematic context. We, therefore, conducted a first user study (N=15) to evaluate different design alternatives regarding occlusion and preference. Afterwards, we created a functional prototype of the most promising design. To further reduce the occlusion we applied a progressive reduction adaption strategy. We evaluated the influence of different reduction levels on workload, control, creativity support and precision in a second user study (N=24). While we could reduce the clutter, due to our design decisions we found no negative effects affecting the measured variables.
电影摄像机操作员需要经过多年的专业培训,才能以一种美观的方式跟踪一个物体,无论是通过传统的方式(吊杆、滑块)还是通过无人机。由于这项复杂的任务需要高工作量和情况感知,同时控制摄像头,一个整洁和高效的用户界面(UI)是首选。移动设备和包含自动化的运动控制设备的出现使得基于触摸的ui对操作员具有吸引力。在用户界面适应策略方面已经做了很多工作。然而,很少有工作试图解决在UI中结合手动控制和自动化的问题。特别是在最小化电影环境中的遮挡和视觉混乱的中心前提下。因此,我们进行了第一次用户研究(N=15),以评估关于遮挡和偏好的不同设计方案。之后,我们创建了一个最有希望的设计的功能原型。为了进一步减少遮挡,我们采用了渐进减少适应策略。我们在第二个用户研究中评估了不同的减少水平对工作量、控制、创造力支持和精度的影响(N=24)。虽然我们可以减少混乱,但由于我们的设计决策,我们没有发现对测量变量的负面影响。
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引用次数: 2
Do Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Cause Harmful Interference to Ground Wireless Network Deployments? 无人机会对地面无线网络部署造成有害干扰吗?
Andra M. Voicu, Bernd Rörick, L. Simić, P. Mähönen
With the recent proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), it is unclear what the impact is of interference from UAVs to ground deployments. In this paper we present a study of the interference from UAV transmitters to victim ground receivers operating in LTE and Wi-Fi bands, for a real large-scale scenario in Manhattan. We perform extensive propagation simulations in WinProp for a large number of transmitters and outdoor and indoor receivers at different locations. Our results suggest that outdoor LTE receivers could suffer from harmful interference, which has potential future regulatory implications. By contrast, outdoor Wi-Fi receivers, and indoor LTE and Wi-Fi receivers are less likely to be affected by harmful interference from UAVs.
随着最近无人驾驶飞行器(uav)的激增,无人机对地面部署的干扰影响尚不清楚。在本文中,我们提出了无人机发射机对在LTE和Wi-Fi频段工作的受害者地面接收器的干扰研究,用于曼哈顿的真实大规模场景。我们在WinProp中对不同位置的大量发射器和室外和室内接收器进行了广泛的传播模拟。我们的研究结果表明,户外LTE接收器可能会受到有害干扰,这对未来的监管有潜在的影响。相比之下,室外Wi-Fi接收器、室内LTE和Wi-Fi接收器不太可能受到无人机有害干扰的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Structural Health Monitoring of Multi-Rotor Micro Aerial Vehicles 多旋翼微型飞行器结构健康监测
P. Misra, Gopi Kandaswamy, Pragyan Mohapatra, Kriti Kumar Balamuralidhar, Prasant Misra Gopi Kandaswamy, Kriti Kumar
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is a key troubleshooting methodology for assessing the working condition and health of (manned or unmanned) aerial vehicles; however, its understanding with respect to the multi-rotor class of Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAV) is limited. The portentous structural failure sources, in this case, are the two moving components: motors and propellers. In this paper, we undertake a detailed exercise of characterizing the common and frequent faults of these units using multi-modal sensing of vibration, acoustic noise, input power, and thrust profiles; and then use relevant features to perform a two-level diagnosis. Through our empirical fault studies on our custom designed test rig, we propose a set of befitting features in each sensory domain; which result in high fault detection and classification accuracy that exceeds 90%.
结构健康监测(SHM)是评估(有人或无人)飞行器工作状态和健康的关键故障诊断方法;然而,对于多旋翼类微型飞行器(MAV)的理解有限。在这种情况下,潜在的结构故障来源是两个运动部件:发动机和螺旋桨。在本文中,我们采用振动、噪声、输入功率和推力剖面的多模态传感对这些单元的常见和频繁故障进行了详细的表征;然后利用相关特征进行两级诊断。通过对我们定制设计的试验台的经验故障研究,我们提出了一套适合于每个感官域的特征;从而实现了高的故障检测和分类准确率超过90%。
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引用次数: 5
GazeDrone: Mobile Eye-Based Interaction in Public Space Without Augmenting the User GazeDrone:在不增加用户的情况下,公共空间中基于眼睛的移动交互
M. Khamis, Anna Kienle, Florian Alt, A. Bulling
Gaze interaction holds a lot of promise for seamless human-computer interaction. At the same time, current wearable mobile eye trackers require user augmentation that negatively impacts natural user behavior while remote trackers require users to position themselves within a confined tracking range. We present GazeDrone, the first system that combines a camera-equipped aerial drone with a computational method to detect sidelong glances for spontaneous (calibration-free) gaze-based interaction with surrounding pervasive systems (e.g., public displays). GazeDrone does not require augmenting each user with on-body sensors and allows interaction from arbitrary positions, even while moving. We demonstrate that drone-supported gaze interaction is feasible and accurate for certain movement types. It is well-perceived by users, in particular while interacting from a fixed position as well as while moving orthogonally or diagonally to a display. We present design implications and discuss opportunities and challenges for drone-supported gaze interaction in public.
凝视交互为无缝人机交互带来了很多希望。同时,目前的可穿戴移动眼动仪需要用户增强,这会对用户的自然行为产生负面影响,而远程追踪器需要用户将自己定位在一个有限的跟踪范围内。我们展示了GazeDrone,这是第一个将配备摄像头的空中无人机与计算方法相结合的系统,该系统可以检测侧视,从而与周围普遍存在的系统(例如公共显示器)进行自发(无需校准)的基于凝视的交互。GazeDrone不需要在每个用户身上增加传感器,并且允许从任意位置进行交互,即使在移动时也是如此。我们证明了无人机支持的凝视交互对于某些运动类型是可行和准确的。它很容易被用户感知,特别是在从固定位置进行交互以及垂直或对角线移动到显示器时。我们提出了设计意义,并讨论了在公共场合无人机支持的凝视互动的机遇和挑战。
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引用次数: 15
Graph-theoretic approach for UAV-aided network connectivity 无人机辅助网络连接的图论方法
S. Waharte, A. Trigoni
{"title":"Graph-theoretic approach for UAV-aided network connectivity","authors":"S. Waharte, A. Trigoni","doi":"10.1145/3213526.3213542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3213526.3213542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":237910,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113966180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
EffFeu project: Efficient Operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Industrial Fire Fighters EffFeu项目:工业消防无人机的高效操作
Christopher-Eyk Hrabia, Axel Heßler, Yuan Xu, Jan Brehmer, S. Albayrak
The number of unmanned aerial system (UAS) applications for supporting rescue forces is growing in recent years. The analysis of sensed information and control of the UAV creates an enormous psychological and emotional load for the involved humans especially in critical and hectic situations. To enable a mission-guided application of drones and reduce the load of manual control and analysis, the research project EffFeu (Efficient Operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Industrial Fire Fighters) aims for a holistic integration of UAS in the daily work of industrial fire fighters in particular. This work presents the current stage of the project including the overall system architecture and first results of the project research topics: high-level task control of UAV, localisation and navigation in the transition of indoor and outdoor environments, and objects and situation recognition.
近年来,支持救援部队的无人机系统(UAS)应用数量不断增长。对感知信息的分析和无人机的控制给相关人员带来了巨大的心理和情感负担,特别是在危急和紧张的情况下。为了实现无人机的任务导向应用,减少人工控制和分析的负担,研究项目EffFeu(工业消防无人机的高效操作)旨在将无人机整体集成到工业消防人员的日常工作中。这项工作介绍了项目的当前阶段,包括总体系统架构和项目研究课题的初步成果:无人机的高级任务控制,室内和室外环境过渡中的定位和导航,以及物体和情况识别。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
Proceedings of the 4th ACM Workshop on Micro Aerial Vehicle Networks, Systems, and Applications
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