Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.213
Yi Min, Y. So
Timely application and the choice of herbicides are crucial for red pepper production since the yield is significantly reduced by weed occurrence. Experiments were conducted to provide efficient weed control methods in red-pepper fields. The results suggest the followings: 1) in the field of prevalent grass weeds, application of pendimethalin EC as pre-emergence herbicide after transplanting followed by tank-mix with pendimethalin and fluazipfop-P-butyl EC as post-emergence at 3-5 leaf stage of Digitalia species gave a good control for 80 days without crop injury, 2) as for grass and other weeds occurrence, sequential application of tank-mix with glufosinate-ammonium SL and pendimethalin at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) followed by glufosinate-ammonium. at 40 cm plant height at 40 DAT.
{"title":"Study for Sequential Application of Herbicide to Establish an Efficient Weed Control in Red Pepper Field","authors":"Yi Min, Y. So","doi":"10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.213","url":null,"abstract":"Timely application and the choice of herbicides are crucial for red pepper production since the yield is significantly reduced by weed occurrence. Experiments were conducted to provide efficient weed control methods in red-pepper fields. The results suggest the followings: 1) in the field of prevalent grass weeds, application of pendimethalin EC as pre-emergence herbicide after transplanting followed by tank-mix with pendimethalin and fluazipfop-P-butyl EC as post-emergence at 3-5 leaf stage of Digitalia species gave a good control for 80 days without crop injury, 2) as for grass and other weeds occurrence, sequential application of tank-mix with glufosinate-ammonium SL and pendimethalin at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) followed by glufosinate-ammonium. at 40 cm plant height at 40 DAT.","PeriodicalId":23804,"journal":{"name":"Weed&Turfgrass Science","volume":"42 1","pages":"213-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85765605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.268
Sang-Kook Lee
Potassium is well-known to improve turfgrass tolerance to environmental stresses such as low temperature and drought stress. Low mowing height reduces leaf area of turfgrass that is main place for photosynthesis and carbohydrate production. Closely-mowed turf would suffer from summer decline by low level of carbohydrate resulted from low photosynthesis of reduced leaf area. The objective of the study is to investigate K rate and mowing height for Kentucky bluegrass. The K rate treatments were 5, 10, and 20 g K2O m −2 for the low, medium and high K rates, respectively. The bi-weekly mowing treatment was made for treatments. Mowing was implemented at 40 and 100 mm using a rotary mower. Regardless K rates, the high mowing height would be required when the air temperature is higher than 28.5℃ and high turfgrass quality of Kentucky bluegrass is needed. When the air temperature is optimal for cool-season grass, the high mowing height and the low K rate is needed for the root length of Kentucky bluegrass.
众所周知，钾可以提高草坪草对低温和干旱等环境胁迫的耐受性。刈割高度过低减少了草坪草的叶面积，而叶面积是草坪草进行光合作用和碳水化合物生产的主要场所。近割草坪由于叶面积减少，光合作用降低，碳水化合物水平较低，夏季产量下降。本研究的目的是研究肯塔基蓝草的K率和刈割高度。低钾、中钾和高钾分别为5、10和20 g K2O m−2。采用双周割草处理。使用旋转割草机在40和100毫米处进行割草。无论施钾量如何，当气温高于28.5℃时，需要较高的刈割高度，且需要肯塔基蓝草高的草坪草品质。当气温适宜冷季草生长时，肯塔基蓝草的根长需要较高的刈割高度和较低的施钾量。
{"title":"Potassium Rate and Mowing Height for Kentucky Bluegrass Growth","authors":"Sang-Kook Lee","doi":"10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.268","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium is well-known to improve turfgrass tolerance to environmental stresses such as low temperature and drought stress. Low mowing height reduces leaf area of turfgrass that is main place for photosynthesis and carbohydrate production. Closely-mowed turf would suffer from summer decline by low level of carbohydrate resulted from low photosynthesis of reduced leaf area. The objective of the study is to investigate K rate and mowing height for Kentucky bluegrass. The K rate treatments were 5, 10, and 20 g K2O m −2 for the low, medium and high K rates, respectively. The bi-weekly mowing treatment was made for treatments. Mowing was implemented at 40 and 100 mm using a rotary mower. Regardless K rates, the high mowing height would be required when the air temperature is higher than 28.5℃ and high turfgrass quality of Kentucky bluegrass is needed. When the air temperature is optimal for cool-season grass, the high mowing height and the low K rate is needed for the root length of Kentucky bluegrass.","PeriodicalId":23804,"journal":{"name":"Weed&Turfgrass Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"268-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78185739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.256
C. Sung, J. H. Lee, J. Koo, J. Hong, J. Youn, Seog-Won Chang
An obligate plant pathogenic fungus Puccinia zoysiae Dietel, the causal agent of rust disease, which is implicated in the damage of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) in Korea. The fungus is one of the important pathogens, which attacks and colonizes susceptible zoysiagrass. Zoysia rust disease was observed in Jangseong, Hoengseong and Hapcheon in 2014 and 2015, Korea. The typical symptoms of the disease appeared first as small white spots on the leaf and stem of zoysiagrass plants, and turn brownish, dark brown spores revealed on the lesions. Uredospores were light brown in color, ellipsoid or spherical in shape and 22.0~25.0× 15.0~17.5 μm in size. On the basis of the morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as P. zoysiae. Pathogenicity of the fungus was proved by artificial inoculation on Z. japonica. The rust disease firstly appeared approx. early or middle June and then increased middle of October in Korea. In field, Z. matrella ecotypes were more resistant than Z. japonica ecotypes against the pathogen. Disease response against the pathogen was different among ecotypes of each species, respectively.
{"title":"Different Responses of Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) Ecotypes against Puccinia zoysiae Causing Rust Disease in Field","authors":"C. Sung, J. H. Lee, J. Koo, J. Hong, J. Youn, Seog-Won Chang","doi":"10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.256","url":null,"abstract":"An obligate plant pathogenic fungus Puccinia zoysiae Dietel, the causal agent of rust disease, which is implicated in the damage of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) in Korea. The fungus is one of the important pathogens, which attacks and colonizes susceptible zoysiagrass. Zoysia rust disease was observed in Jangseong, Hoengseong and Hapcheon in 2014 and 2015, Korea. The typical symptoms of the disease appeared first as small white spots on the leaf and stem of zoysiagrass plants, and turn brownish, dark brown spores revealed on the lesions. Uredospores were light brown in color, ellipsoid or spherical in shape and 22.0~25.0× 15.0~17.5 μm in size. On the basis of the morphological characteristics, the fungus was identified as P. zoysiae. Pathogenicity of the fungus was proved by artificial inoculation on Z. japonica. The rust disease firstly appeared approx. early or middle June and then increased middle of October in Korea. In field, Z. matrella ecotypes were more resistant than Z. japonica ecotypes against the pathogen. Disease response against the pathogen was different among ecotypes of each species, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23804,"journal":{"name":"Weed&Turfgrass Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"256-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78305227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.225
O. Won, H. Sin, S. Roh, K. Park
This study was conducted to investigate the herbicidal efficacy of up granule formula of benzobicyclon mixtures, benzobicyclon + azimsulfuron + oxaziclomefone up granule (BAO UG) and benzobicyclon + bensulfuron-methyl + fentrazamide up granule (BBF UG) to control annual and perennial weed species in a rice paddy field. Four annual weed species including Echinochloa crus-galli L. and three perennial weeds were dominated in the experimental field. Application of BAO UG and BBF UG was highly effective to control both annual and perennial weed species. No phytotoxic effect was observed in the rice based on the plant height, the number of tillers, and culm and panicle length. Finally, rice yield in the BAO UG and BBF UG treatment was as much as that in the hand weeding. This study indicates that self-dispersible floating formula of benzobicyclon mixtures can be applied to control both annual and perennial weed species in rice paddy fields and contribute to save labor costs.
{"title":"Herbicidal Efficacy of Benzobicyclon Up Granule Formulations in Infant Seeding Machine Transplanting of Rice","authors":"O. Won, H. Sin, S. Roh, K. Park","doi":"10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.225","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate the herbicidal efficacy of up granule formula of benzobicyclon mixtures, benzobicyclon + azimsulfuron + oxaziclomefone up granule (BAO UG) and benzobicyclon + bensulfuron-methyl + fentrazamide up granule (BBF UG) to control annual and perennial weed species in a rice paddy field. Four annual weed species including Echinochloa crus-galli L. and three perennial weeds were dominated in the experimental field. Application of BAO UG and BBF UG was highly effective to control both annual and perennial weed species. No phytotoxic effect was observed in the rice based on the plant height, the number of tillers, and culm and panicle length. Finally, rice yield in the BAO UG and BBF UG treatment was as much as that in the hand weeding. This study indicates that self-dispersible floating formula of benzobicyclon mixtures can be applied to control both annual and perennial weed species in rice paddy fields and contribute to save labor costs.","PeriodicalId":23804,"journal":{"name":"Weed&Turfgrass Science","volume":"83 1","pages":"225-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79089068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.181
Seon-Ju Park, Hye‐Jin Yu, M. Yook, Do-Soon Kim
Three Echinochloa species inhabit various crop fields with different soil moisture conditions. Therefore, a growth pouch test was conducted to investigate adaptive diversity of six Echinochloa species, three from Korea and three from USA, to osmotic stress by assessing shoot and root growths. Echinochloa crus-galli var. praticola showed the greatest tolerance to osmotic stress in both root (GR 50 =1316.3 g PEG L −1 ) and shoot (GR 50 =212.2 g PEG L −1 ) growths, while Korean E. oryzicola was most sensitive to osmotic stress in both root (GR 50 =116 g PEG L −1 ) and shoot (GR 50 =126.2 g PEG L −1 ) growths. Root to shoot (R/S) ratio of Echinochloa crus-galli var. praticola increased with increasing osmotic stress, while that of Korean E. oryzicola decreased, suggesting that R/S ratio is closely related to osmotic stress tolerance in Echinochloa species. Our results clearly demonstrate that E. crus-galli var. praticola maintains high R/S ratio even under high osmotic stress, which enables this species to well adapt to dry upland condition. In contrast, while E. oryzicola fails to maintain sufficiently high R/S ratio, resulting in poor adaptability to dry upland condition.
三种紫衣藻栖息在不同土壤湿度条件下的不同农田。为此，采用生长袋试验研究了来自韩国和美国的6种刺青藻对渗透胁迫的适应多样性。对渗透胁迫最敏感的是紫锥藻(Echinochloa cross -galli var. praticola)的根(GR 50 =1316.3 g PEG L−1)和茎(GR 50 =212.2 g PEG L−1)，而对渗透胁迫最敏感的是朝鲜紫锥藻(Korean E. oryzicola)的根(GR 50 =116 g PEG L−1)和茎(GR 50 =126.2 g PEG L−1)。随着渗透胁迫的增加，紫锥藻的根冠比(R/S)增加，而朝鲜紫锥藻的根冠比(R/S)降低，表明R/S与紫锥藻的渗透胁迫耐受性密切相关。本研究结果表明，在高渗透胁迫条件下，该物种仍能保持较高的R/S比，使其能够很好地适应旱地环境。而稻谷草未能保持足够高的R/S比，对旱地条件的适应性较差。
{"title":"Adaptive Diversity of Echinochloa Species to Osmotic Stress","authors":"Seon-Ju Park, Hye‐Jin Yu, M. Yook, Do-Soon Kim","doi":"10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.181","url":null,"abstract":"Three Echinochloa species inhabit various crop fields with different soil moisture conditions. Therefore, a growth pouch test was conducted to investigate adaptive diversity of six Echinochloa species, three from Korea and three from USA, to osmotic stress by assessing shoot and root growths. Echinochloa crus-galli var. praticola showed the greatest tolerance to osmotic stress in both root (GR 50 =1316.3 g PEG L −1 ) and shoot (GR 50 =212.2 g PEG L −1 ) growths, while Korean E. oryzicola was most sensitive to osmotic stress in both root (GR 50 =116 g PEG L −1 ) and shoot (GR 50 =126.2 g PEG L −1 ) growths. Root to shoot (R/S) ratio of Echinochloa crus-galli var. praticola increased with increasing osmotic stress, while that of Korean E. oryzicola decreased, suggesting that R/S ratio is closely related to osmotic stress tolerance in Echinochloa species. Our results clearly demonstrate that E. crus-galli var. praticola maintains high R/S ratio even under high osmotic stress, which enables this species to well adapt to dry upland condition. In contrast, while E. oryzicola fails to maintain sufficiently high R/S ratio, resulting in poor adaptability to dry upland condition.","PeriodicalId":23804,"journal":{"name":"Weed&Turfgrass Science","volume":"2014 1","pages":"181-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86469701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.247
S. Choi, S. Ahn, Dong Woon Lee
This study was conducted to provide basic information for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species in turf sod production areas. Surveys of weed species occurred in turf sod production areas were conducted in Jangsunggun, Jeonnam province from September 2014 to May 2016. Total 50 sites of turf sod production areas in two soil conditions were investigated. On the upland soil condition in turf sod production areas, 66 weed species in 27 families were identified and classified to 49 annuals and 17 perennials and on the paddy soil condition, 69 weed species in 22 families were identified and classified to 53 annuals and 16 perennials. Based on the importance values, the most dominant weed species on the upland soil condition in the first survey (September 2014) was Digitaria ciliaris (8.49%), followed by Erigeron annuus (7.94%) and Rorippa indica (6.56%). In the second survey (May 2016) was Oxalis corniculata (7.26%), followed by Capsella bursa-pastoris (6.21%) and Conyza canadensis (6.21%). Whereas the most dominant weed species on the paddy soil condition in the first survey (September 2014) was Erigeron annuus (9.52%), followed by Mazus pumilus (7.41%) and Cyperus iria (6.82%). In the second survey (May 2016) was Commelina communis (5.08%), followed by Alopecurus aequalis (5.08%) and Erigeron annuus (4.79%). This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence and effective weed control methods in turf sod production areas in Jangsung-gun, Jeonnam Province.
{"title":"Occurrence of Weed Species on Turf Sod Production Areas in Jangsung-gun, Jeonnam Province","authors":"S. Choi, S. Ahn, Dong Woon Lee","doi":"10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.247","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to provide basic information for weed control by surveying the occurrence of weed species in turf sod production areas. Surveys of weed species occurred in turf sod production areas were conducted in Jangsunggun, Jeonnam province from September 2014 to May 2016. Total 50 sites of turf sod production areas in two soil conditions were investigated. On the upland soil condition in turf sod production areas, 66 weed species in 27 families were identified and classified to 49 annuals and 17 perennials and on the paddy soil condition, 69 weed species in 22 families were identified and classified to 53 annuals and 16 perennials. Based on the importance values, the most dominant weed species on the upland soil condition in the first survey (September 2014) was Digitaria ciliaris (8.49%), followed by Erigeron annuus (7.94%) and Rorippa indica (6.56%). In the second survey (May 2016) was Oxalis corniculata (7.26%), followed by Capsella bursa-pastoris (6.21%) and Conyza canadensis (6.21%). Whereas the most dominant weed species on the paddy soil condition in the first survey (September 2014) was Erigeron annuus (9.52%), followed by Mazus pumilus (7.41%) and Cyperus iria (6.82%). In the second survey (May 2016) was Commelina communis (5.08%), followed by Alopecurus aequalis (5.08%) and Erigeron annuus (4.79%). This information could be useful for estimation of future weed occurrence and effective weed control methods in turf sod production areas in Jangsung-gun, Jeonnam Province.","PeriodicalId":23804,"journal":{"name":"Weed&Turfgrass Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"247-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84455473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.191
Jong-Seok Song, Y. Park, Min-Won Park, J. Lee, Do-Soon Kim
Tefuryltrione is a new hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor, which has been recently registered for the use for paddy rice, Korea. Dose-response studies were conducted to compare rice safety and weed control efficacy of tefuryltrione against Eleocharis kuroguwai. When rice and E. kuroguwai were applied at a range of doses of tefuryltrione, GR 90 values (the dose required to inhibit weed growth by 90%) of E. kuroguwai were 82.38-93.39 g a.i. ha −1 in two independent experiments. The GR10 values (the dose required to inhibit rice growth by 10%) of tefuryltrione for rice were 297.77-471.54 g a.i. ha −1 . As a result, the selectivity indices (GR 10 for rice/GR 90 for E. kuroguwai) of tefuryltrione were 3.19-5.72. Therefore, these results demonstrate that tefuryltrione has a relatively high selectivity between rice and E. kuroguwai with a high herbicidal activity against E. kuroguwai and a good rice safety.
Tefuryltrione是一种新的羟苯丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)抑制剂，最近在韩国注册用于水稻。采用剂量效应试验比较了四氟三酮对黑谷夜蛾的水稻安全性和除杂草效果。在一定剂量的四氟基三酮剂量下施用水稻和黑田葵时，两项独立试验表明，黑田葵的GR 90值(抑制杂草生长90%所需的剂量)为82.38 ~ 93.39 g a.i. ha−1。四氟基三酮对水稻的GR10值(抑制水稻生长10%所需的剂量)为297.77 ~ 471.54 g a.i. ha−1。结果表明，四氟基三酮的选择性指数为3.19 ~ 5.72，对水稻的选择性指数为GR 10 /对黑谷虾的选择性指数为GR 90。综上所述，四氟基三酮对水稻与黑田鼠夜蛾具有较高的选择性，对黑田鼠夜蛾具有较高的除草活性，具有较好的水稻安全性。
{"title":"Selectivity of Tefuryltrione between Rice and Eleocharis kuroguwai","authors":"Jong-Seok Song, Y. Park, Min-Won Park, J. Lee, Do-Soon Kim","doi":"10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.191","url":null,"abstract":"Tefuryltrione is a new hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor, which has been recently registered for the use for paddy rice, Korea. Dose-response studies were conducted to compare rice safety and weed control efficacy of tefuryltrione against Eleocharis kuroguwai. When rice and E. kuroguwai were applied at a range of doses of tefuryltrione, GR 90 values (the dose required to inhibit weed growth by 90%) of E. kuroguwai were 82.38-93.39 g a.i. ha −1 in two independent experiments. The GR10 values (the dose required to inhibit rice growth by 10%) of tefuryltrione for rice were 297.77-471.54 g a.i. ha −1 . As a result, the selectivity indices (GR 10 for rice/GR 90 for E. kuroguwai) of tefuryltrione were 3.19-5.72. Therefore, these results demonstrate that tefuryltrione has a relatively high selectivity between rice and E. kuroguwai with a high herbicidal activity against E. kuroguwai and a good rice safety.","PeriodicalId":23804,"journal":{"name":"Weed&Turfgrass Science","volume":"68 1","pages":"191-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73162171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.260
G. Jo, Young-sun Kim, Soun-Kyu Ham, Jae-Pil Lee, Doo-Hwan Kim, Woo-Sung Kim, Geung-Joo Lee
Amino acids in the plant were intermediate metabolites which produced by uptake and assimilation of nitrogen and these extracts which gained by bio-chemical digestion from protein of plant or animal were a source of functional fertilizer. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of keratin amino acid fertilizer (KAF) gained from animal hair or hoof on changes of turfgrass quality and growth by investigating turf color index, chlorophyll index, shoot number, clipping yield, and nutrient content in the turfgrass tissue. Treatments were designed as follows; non-fertilizer (NF), compound fertilizer (CF), keratin amino acid fertilizer treatments [CF + KAF 0.26 ml m −2 (CKF), CF + KAF 0.52 ml m −2 (2CKF)], and only keratin amino acid fertilizer treatment (KF). Shoot number, clipping yield, and nitrogen uptake of KF were higher than those of CF. As compared with CF, soil chemical properties, turf color index, chlorophyll index and clipping yield of keratin amino acid fertilizer were not significant, but shoot number and uptake of N and K were increased significantly. These results show that the application of keratin amino acid fertilizer increased shoot number and growth by increased uptake of nitrogen and potassium.
植物中的氨基酸是植物对氮的吸收和同化产生的中间代谢物，这些从植物或动物的蛋白质中通过生化消化得到的提取物是功能肥料的来源。本试验通过对草皮颜色指数、叶绿素指数、芽数、剪枝产量和草皮组织营养成分含量的研究，探讨了利用动物毛或蹄提取的角蛋白氨基酸肥(KAF)对草皮品质和生长的影响。处理设计如下:不施肥(NF)、复合肥(CF)、角蛋白氨基酸肥处理[CF + KAF 0.26 ml m−2 (CKF)、CF + KAF 0.52 ml m−2 (2CKF)]和仅角蛋白氨基酸肥处理(KF)。角蛋白氨基酸肥对土壤化学性质、草皮颜色指数、叶绿素指数和剪枝产量的影响均不显著，但对芽数和氮、钾的吸收量均有显著提高。综上所述，施用角蛋白氨基酸肥通过增加氮素和钾的吸收来促进芽数和生长。
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Pub Date : 2016-12-31DOI: 10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.187
Sang-Su Kim, Jae‐Eup Park, Ye-Jin Kim, Yong-Hwan Lee, In‐Yong Lee, Jeongran Lee, Byeng-Chul Moon, Y. Ihm
This study was conducted to determine phytotoxicity of domestic rice varieties and characteristic of sensitive gene involved in herbicide reaction of 4-HPPD (4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibiting herbicides. The five rice varieties were grown for 2 to 3 leaf stage on seedling trays and then transplanted into plastic pot: 4-Japonica type (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi and Kumyoung) varieties and 1-Indica type variety (IR8). We trialled standard (14 g a.i. 10 a −1 ) and double fold (28 g a.i. 10 a −1 ) dose of benzobicyclon treatment at 10 days after transplanting in order to investigate phytoxicity. The Japonica-type Sangjubyeo showed no rice injury but Indica-type IR8 show 4-5 (standard) and 5-6 (double fold) phytoxicity levels. In spite of Japonica-type, Sanduljinmi and kumyoung showed 3-4 and 4-5 levels. Target resistant gene, Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor sensitive gene No.1 (HIS1) have been isolated from five domestic rice cultivars (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi, Kumyoung and IR8). Results of the sequence through PCR, all five tested rice cultivars had HIS1 gene regardless to rice cultivars. And the difference between rice varieties from sequence of HIS1 were identified some variation in genes.
研究了国产水稻品种对4-羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶(4-HPPD)抑制除草剂的植物毒性及除草剂反应敏感基因的特征。5个水稻品种分别为4粳型(尚珠别、三百别、山都真美和金荣)和1籼型(IR8)，在育苗盘上种植2 ~ 3叶期，然后移栽到塑料钵中。我们在移植后10天试验了标准剂量(14 g a.i 10 a−1)和双倍剂量(28 g a.i 10 a−1)的苯并双环龙治疗，以研究植物毒性。粳稻型尚菊玉未对水稻造成伤害，而籼稻型IR8则表现出4-5(标准)和5-6(双倍)的植物毒性。虽然是日本式，但山都真美和金荣分别是3-4级和4-5级。抗性基因羟基苯基丙酮酸双加氧酶抑制剂敏感基因1号(HIS1)从国内5个水稻品种(尚珠别、三百别、山都真美、金荣和IR8)中分离得到。结果表明，5个水稻品种均含有HIS1基因。并从HIS1序列中鉴定出不同水稻品种间存在的一些基因变异。
{"title":"Characteristics of Sensitive HIS1 Genes to the 4-HPPD Inhibiting Rice Herbicides Isolated from Several Rice Cultivars","authors":"Sang-Su Kim, Jae‐Eup Park, Ye-Jin Kim, Yong-Hwan Lee, In‐Yong Lee, Jeongran Lee, Byeng-Chul Moon, Y. Ihm","doi":"10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5660/WTS.2016.5.4.187","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine phytotoxicity of domestic rice varieties and characteristic of sensitive gene involved in herbicide reaction of 4-HPPD (4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibiting herbicides. The five rice varieties were grown for 2 to 3 leaf stage on seedling trays and then transplanted into plastic pot: 4-Japonica type (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi and Kumyoung) varieties and 1-Indica type variety (IR8). We trialled standard (14 g a.i. 10 a −1 ) and double fold (28 g a.i. 10 a −1 ) dose of benzobicyclon treatment at 10 days after transplanting in order to investigate phytoxicity. The Japonica-type Sangjubyeo showed no rice injury but Indica-type IR8 show 4-5 (standard) and 5-6 (double fold) phytoxicity levels. In spite of Japonica-type, Sanduljinmi and kumyoung showed 3-4 and 4-5 levels. Target resistant gene, Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor sensitive gene No.1 (HIS1) have been isolated from five domestic rice cultivars (Sangjubyeo, Sambaekbyeo, Sanduljinmi, Kumyoung and IR8). Results of the sequence through PCR, all five tested rice cultivars had HIS1 gene regardless to rice cultivars. And the difference between rice varieties from sequence of HIS1 were identified some variation in genes.","PeriodicalId":23804,"journal":{"name":"Weed&Turfgrass Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"187-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75538356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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