Abstract The combination of complementary techniques for materials analysis can play a key role in both art conservation and academic research. Nowadays, the correlation of x‐ray fluorescence ( XRF ) with hyperspectral reflectance imaging in the visible and infrared region has become a valuable tool for palette identification, painting techniques studies and for the diagnostic support dedicated to restoration and conservation. Moreover, both techniques enable researchers to reveal fascinating underpaintings, “pentimenti”, or even preparatory drawings offering new details on the creative process of the artist. This background has been a strong motivation for the development of a new multimodal tool for art and conservation: IRIS . IRIS is a mobile and reconfigurable scanner designed to address a wide range of demanding application, exploiting the opportunities given by simultaneous MA‐XRF and hyperspectral reflectance scanning in the visible‐near‐infrared ( VNIR ) and short‐wave‐infrared ( SWIR ) range from 400 to 2500 nm. The system has been designed for in‐situ, fast and non‐invasive scanning of the sample without compromising spectral resolution and high throughput performance. The scanner acquires co‐registered XRF / VNIR‐SWIR data, thus allowing the user to obtain the maximum profit from their possible correlated information: the two techniques can provide enhanced or complementary information on the same spot of analysis with minimum effort in terms of data processing and no need for spatial alignment. In the present work, the qualitative and quantitative performance of IRIS are explored, together with the presentation of in‐lab analysis on reference samples and a brief insight on a real case‐study.
{"title":"<scp>IRIS</scp>: A novel integrated instrument for co‐registered <scp>MA‐XRF</scp> mapping and <scp>VNIR‐SWIR</scp> hyperspectral imaging","authors":"Michele Occhipinti, Roberto Alberti, Tommaso Parsani, Claudio Dicorato, Paolo Tirelli, Michele Gironda, Alessandro Tocchio, Tommaso Frizzi","doi":"10.1002/xrs.3405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3405","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The combination of complementary techniques for materials analysis can play a key role in both art conservation and academic research. Nowadays, the correlation of x‐ray fluorescence ( XRF ) with hyperspectral reflectance imaging in the visible and infrared region has become a valuable tool for palette identification, painting techniques studies and for the diagnostic support dedicated to restoration and conservation. Moreover, both techniques enable researchers to reveal fascinating underpaintings, “pentimenti”, or even preparatory drawings offering new details on the creative process of the artist. This background has been a strong motivation for the development of a new multimodal tool for art and conservation: IRIS . IRIS is a mobile and reconfigurable scanner designed to address a wide range of demanding application, exploiting the opportunities given by simultaneous MA‐XRF and hyperspectral reflectance scanning in the visible‐near‐infrared ( VNIR ) and short‐wave‐infrared ( SWIR ) range from 400 to 2500 nm. The system has been designed for in‐situ, fast and non‐invasive scanning of the sample without compromising spectral resolution and high throughput performance. The scanner acquires co‐registered XRF / VNIR‐SWIR data, thus allowing the user to obtain the maximum profit from their possible correlated information: the two techniques can provide enhanced or complementary information on the same spot of analysis with minimum effort in terms of data processing and no need for spatial alignment. In the present work, the qualitative and quantitative performance of IRIS are explored, together with the presentation of in‐lab analysis on reference samples and a brief insight on a real case‐study.","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"55 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents recent investigations of newly developed magnifying capillary optics used for full‐field x‐ray spectroscopy. The new cone‐shaped capillary optics reached spatial resolutions of 2.4 μ m and increased the magnification factor to 40. These parameters have been evaluated by a confocal full‐field XRF (CFF‐XRF) and a full‐field XRF (FF‐XRF) setup, depicted in this article.
{"title":"Capillary optics for full‐field x‐ray detectors with a magnification factor of 40 and 2.4 <i>μ</i>m spatial resolution","authors":"Jonathan Kranz, Nico Liebing, Aniouar Bjeoumikhov","doi":"10.1002/xrs.3408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3408","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents recent investigations of newly developed magnifying capillary optics used for full‐field x‐ray spectroscopy. The new cone‐shaped capillary optics reached spatial resolutions of 2.4 μ m and increased the magnification factor to 40. These parameters have been evaluated by a confocal full‐field XRF (CFF‐XRF) and a full‐field XRF (FF‐XRF) setup, depicted in this article.","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"23 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135463106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
19th International Conference on Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Analysis and Related Methods (TXRF2023) Clausthal University of Technology, Germany https://www.txrf2023.com/ S4SAS Conference 2023 Diamond Light Source, Oxfordshire, UK https://www.diamond.ac.uk/Home/Events/2023/S4SAS-Workshop-and-Conference.html SXR2023 – Principles of Functionality from Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Magnus-Haus, Berlin-Mitte, Germany https://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/events/sxr/index_en.html 13th International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis (IMA-2023) Chania, Crete, Greece http://aclab.web.auth.gr/ima2023/ XRF user meeting (XRF 2023) Göteborg, Sweden https://www.trollboken.se/xrf ICDD Rietveld Refinement and Indexing ICDD Headquarters, Newtown Square, PA, USA https://www.icdd.com/rietveld/ 19th Biennial International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control System Conference (ICALEPCS) 2023 Cape Town, South Africa https://icalepcs2023.org/ 2nd international workshop on laboratory-based X-ray spectroscopies for chemical speciation Technische Universität Berlin, Germany https://www.tu.berlin/en/axp/2nd-international-workshop-on-laboratory-based-spectroscopies Hard X-ray imaging of biological soft tissues symposium 2023 The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK https://www.crick.ac.uk/whats-on/hard-x-ray-imaging-of-biological-soft-tissues-symposium-2023 Autonomous Methodologies for Accelerating X-ray Measurements ICDD Headquarters, Newtown Square, PA, USA https://www.icdd.com/icdd-nist-workshop/ 59th Annual Conference on X-Ray Chemical Analysis, Japan Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan https://xbun.jsac.jp/conference.html 60th years of Synchrotron Radiation in Japan (JPSR60) Okazaki Conference Center, Japan https://jssrr.smoosy.atlas.jp/en/jpsr60 12th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation (MEDSI2023) Beijing, China https://medsi2023.scimeeting.cn/en/web/index/ Materials Research Society 2023 Fall Meeting Boston, MA, USA https://www.mrs.org/meetings-events/fall-meetings-exhibits/2023-mrs-fall-meeting 10th Annual Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Workshop (APXPS 2023) Chang Yung-Fa Foundation (CYFF) International Convention Center 10F, Taipei, Taiwan https://indico.nsrrc.org.tw/event/14/ Nano tech 2024 - International Nanotechnology Exhibition & Conference Tokyo Big Sight, Tokyo, Japan Contact: Secretariat of nano tech executive committee c/o JTB Communication Design, Inc. Celestine Shiba Mitsui Building, 3–23-1, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105–8335 Phone: +81-3-5657-0760, Fax:+81-3-5657-0645, [email protected] https://www.nanotechexpo.jp/index.html HERCULES European School - Neutrons & Synchrotron Radiation for Science https://hercules-school.eu/ APS March Meeting 2024 Minneapolis, MN, USA https://www.aps.org/meetings/meeting.cfm?name=MAR24 ACS Spring 2024 New Orleans, LA, USA https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/meetings/acs-meetings/about/f
{"title":"Calendar Article","authors":"Kenji Sakurai","doi":"10.1002/xrs.3409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3409","url":null,"abstract":"19th International Conference on Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Analysis and Related Methods (TXRF2023) Clausthal University of Technology, Germany https://www.txrf2023.com/ S4SAS Conference 2023 Diamond Light Source, Oxfordshire, UK https://www.diamond.ac.uk/Home/Events/2023/S4SAS-Workshop-and-Conference.html SXR2023 – Principles of Functionality from Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Magnus-Haus, Berlin-Mitte, Germany https://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/events/sxr/index_en.html 13th International Conference on Instrumental Methods of Analysis (IMA-2023) Chania, Crete, Greece http://aclab.web.auth.gr/ima2023/ XRF user meeting (XRF 2023) Göteborg, Sweden https://www.trollboken.se/xrf ICDD Rietveld Refinement and Indexing ICDD Headquarters, Newtown Square, PA, USA https://www.icdd.com/rietveld/ 19th Biennial International Conference on Accelerator and Large Experimental Physics Control System Conference (ICALEPCS) 2023 Cape Town, South Africa https://icalepcs2023.org/ 2nd international workshop on laboratory-based X-ray spectroscopies for chemical speciation Technische Universität Berlin, Germany https://www.tu.berlin/en/axp/2nd-international-workshop-on-laboratory-based-spectroscopies Hard X-ray imaging of biological soft tissues symposium 2023 The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK https://www.crick.ac.uk/whats-on/hard-x-ray-imaging-of-biological-soft-tissues-symposium-2023 Autonomous Methodologies for Accelerating X-ray Measurements ICDD Headquarters, Newtown Square, PA, USA https://www.icdd.com/icdd-nist-workshop/ 59th Annual Conference on X-Ray Chemical Analysis, Japan Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan https://xbun.jsac.jp/conference.html 60th years of Synchrotron Radiation in Japan (JPSR60) Okazaki Conference Center, Japan https://jssrr.smoosy.atlas.jp/en/jpsr60 12th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Design of Synchrotron Radiation Equipment and Instrumentation (MEDSI2023) Beijing, China https://medsi2023.scimeeting.cn/en/web/index/ Materials Research Society 2023 Fall Meeting Boston, MA, USA https://www.mrs.org/meetings-events/fall-meetings-exhibits/2023-mrs-fall-meeting 10th Annual Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Workshop (APXPS 2023) Chang Yung-Fa Foundation (CYFF) International Convention Center 10F, Taipei, Taiwan https://indico.nsrrc.org.tw/event/14/ Nano tech 2024 - International Nanotechnology Exhibition & Conference Tokyo Big Sight, Tokyo, Japan Contact: Secretariat of nano tech executive committee c/o JTB Communication Design, Inc. Celestine Shiba Mitsui Building, 3–23-1, Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan 105–8335 Phone: +81-3-5657-0760, Fax:+81-3-5657-0645, [email protected] https://www.nanotechexpo.jp/index.html HERCULES European School - Neutrons & Synchrotron Radiation for Science https://hercules-school.eu/ APS March Meeting 2024 Minneapolis, MN, USA https://www.aps.org/meetings/meeting.cfm?name=MAR24 ACS Spring 2024 New Orleans, LA, USA https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/meetings/acs-meetings/about/f","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in Cryogenic Radiation Detectors (September 7, 2023). Cryogenic radiation detectors are attractive because of their extremely high energy resolution, typically on the order of eV for X-rays in the keV range. One of their applications is in astrophysics. Recently, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the XRISM (X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) satellite in collaboration with NASA and ESA (for more details, see Daniel Clery, “Revolutionary x-ray sensor to probe workings of black holes and supernovae”, Science, 381, 720–721 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adk3474). The X-ray telescope is equipped with a high-energy resolution microcalorimeter detector called Resolve, which is expected to reveal more details about exploding stars, the matter orbiting supermassive black holes, and the merging of galaxy clusters. The detectors appear to be useful not only in such astrophysics, but also in X-ray spectrometry. One of the most important research projects is the precise determination of the fundamental X-ray parameters for many L lines in the soft X-ray region. The research team at NIST in Boulder, Colorado, USA has published a number of papers since 2017 (see, for example, J. W. Fowler et al., “A reassessment of the absolute energies of the x-ray L lines of lanthanide metals”, Metrologia 54, 494 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/aa722f, “Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals”, Metrologia 58, 015016 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/abd28a, “Energy Calibration of Nonlinear Microcalorimeters with Uncertainty Estimates from Gaussian Process Regression”, Journal of Low Temperature Physics 209, 1047–1054 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-022-02740-w, “The potential of microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometers for measurement of relative fluorescence-line intensities”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 202, 110,487 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110487). For more information on recent advances in cryogenic radiation detectors and their applications, see some review articles such as J. Ullom and D. Bennett, “Review of superconducting transition-edge sensors for x-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy”, Superconducting Science and Technology, 28, 084003 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/28/8/084003 and M. Ohkubo, “Advances in superconductor quantum and thermal detectors for analytical instruments”, Journal of Applied Physics. 134, 081101 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0151581
{"title":"News Article","authors":"Kenji Sakurai","doi":"10.1002/xrs.3410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3410","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in Cryogenic Radiation Detectors (September 7, 2023). Cryogenic radiation detectors are attractive because of their extremely high energy resolution, typically on the order of eV for X-rays in the keV range. One of their applications is in astrophysics. Recently, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched the XRISM (X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission) satellite in collaboration with NASA and ESA (for more details, see Daniel Clery, “Revolutionary x-ray sensor to probe workings of black holes and supernovae”, Science, 381, 720–721 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adk3474). The X-ray telescope is equipped with a high-energy resolution microcalorimeter detector called Resolve, which is expected to reveal more details about exploding stars, the matter orbiting supermassive black holes, and the merging of galaxy clusters. The detectors appear to be useful not only in such astrophysics, but also in X-ray spectrometry. One of the most important research projects is the precise determination of the fundamental X-ray parameters for many L lines in the soft X-ray region. The research team at NIST in Boulder, Colorado, USA has published a number of papers since 2017 (see, for example, J. W. Fowler et al., “A reassessment of the absolute energies of the x-ray L lines of lanthanide metals”, Metrologia 54, 494 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/aa722f, “Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals”, Metrologia 58, 015016 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/abd28a, “Energy Calibration of Nonlinear Microcalorimeters with Uncertainty Estimates from Gaussian Process Regression”, Journal of Low Temperature Physics 209, 1047–1054 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-022-02740-w, “The potential of microcalorimeter X-ray spectrometers for measurement of relative fluorescence-line intensities”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 202, 110,487 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110487). For more information on recent advances in cryogenic radiation detectors and their applications, see some review articles such as J. Ullom and D. Bennett, “Review of superconducting transition-edge sensors for x-ray and gamma-ray spectroscopy”, Superconducting Science and Technology, 28, 084003 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/28/8/084003 and M. Ohkubo, “Advances in superconductor quantum and thermal detectors for analytical instruments”, Journal of Applied Physics. 134, 081101 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0151581","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136184410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing and development of hydrogen absorption cell technology","authors":"Isu Ravi","doi":"10.1117/12.2689664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2689664","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82469930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A monte carlo based ray tracing tool for evaluating Wolter-type prescriptions","authors":"Aidan Puno, P. Champey, S. Panini","doi":"10.1117/12.2688789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2688789","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"311 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74211295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Austin A. Roberts, Diana Guimarães, Mina W. Tehrani, Shao Lin, Patrick J. Parsons
Abstract Portable X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) has become increasingly popular where traditional laboratory methods are either impractical, time consuming, and/or too costly. While the Limit of Detection (LOD) is generally poorer for XRF compared to laboratory‐based methods, recent advances have improved XRF LODs and increased its potential for field‐based studies. Portable XRF can be used to screen food products for toxic elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), manganese, (Mn), zinc (Zn), and strontium (Sr). In this study, 23 seafood samples were analyzed using portable XRF in a home setting. After XRF measurements were completed in each home, the same samples were transferred to the laboratory for re‐analysis using microwave‐assisted digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS). Four elements (Mn, Sr, As, and Zn) were quantifiable by XRF in most samples, and those results were compared to those obtained by ICP‐MS/MS. Agreement was judged reasonable for Mn, Sr, and As, but not for Zn. Discrepancies could be due to (1) the limited time available to prepare field samples for XRF, (2) the heterogeneous nature of “real samples” analyzed by XRF, and (3) the small beam spot size (~1 mm) of the XRF analyzer. Portable XRF is a cost‐effective screening tool for public health investigations involving exposure to toxic metals. It is important for practitioners untrained in XRF spectrometry to (1) recognize the limitations of portable instrumentation, (2) include validation data for each specific analyte(s) measured, and (3) ensure personnel have some training in sample preparation techniques for field‐based XRF analyses.
{"title":"A field‐based evaluation of portable <scp>XRF</scp> to screen for toxic metals in seafood products","authors":"Austin A. Roberts, Diana Guimarães, Mina W. Tehrani, Shao Lin, Patrick J. Parsons","doi":"10.1002/xrs.3407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3407","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Portable X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) has become increasingly popular where traditional laboratory methods are either impractical, time consuming, and/or too costly. While the Limit of Detection (LOD) is generally poorer for XRF compared to laboratory‐based methods, recent advances have improved XRF LODs and increased its potential for field‐based studies. Portable XRF can be used to screen food products for toxic elements such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), manganese, (Mn), zinc (Zn), and strontium (Sr). In this study, 23 seafood samples were analyzed using portable XRF in a home setting. After XRF measurements were completed in each home, the same samples were transferred to the laboratory for re‐analysis using microwave‐assisted digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ICP‐MS/MS). Four elements (Mn, Sr, As, and Zn) were quantifiable by XRF in most samples, and those results were compared to those obtained by ICP‐MS/MS. Agreement was judged reasonable for Mn, Sr, and As, but not for Zn. Discrepancies could be due to (1) the limited time available to prepare field samples for XRF, (2) the heterogeneous nature of “real samples” analyzed by XRF, and (3) the small beam spot size (~1 mm) of the XRF analyzer. Portable XRF is a cost‐effective screening tool for public health investigations involving exposure to toxic metals. It is important for practitioners untrained in XRF spectrometry to (1) recognize the limitations of portable instrumentation, (2) include validation data for each specific analyte(s) measured, and (3) ensure personnel have some training in sample preparation techniques for field‐based XRF analyses.","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135643992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carol Pottasch, Annelies van Loon, John K. Delaney, Kathryn A. Dooley
Abstract This article highlights a technical examination of The Lamentation of Christ (ca. 1460, Mauritshuis) attributed to Rogier van der Weyden and studio, performed during its recent conservation treatment. The goal of the research was to identify and map pigments used for the final paint and underpaint of the figures using information from non‐invasive chemical mapping and analysis of cross sections, to support the existing attribution of the painting. The results from a MA‐XRF scanner and two hyperspectral reflectance imaging cameras (400–1000 nm; 967–1680 nm) along with those from the analysis of recent paint cross sections and those collected in the 1980s allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the pigments used and their distribution. In general, the results show that the artist achieved a wide variety of colored draperies (robes) of the figures using a limited palette. High‐quality ultramarine and coarse azurite were identified in the different blue draperies, while azurite was also found combined with red lake and lead white to produce the lilac and purple‐toned fabrics. The green robe contains another copper pigment, verdigris, combined with lead‐tin yellow. The various red draperies show subtle differences in hue, obtained by varying the layer stratigraphy and proportions of lead white, vermilion, and red lake. The chemical maps also provided new insights into the original appearance and modeling of some of the draperies, including the unusual brown dress that was found to contain (partly faded) red lake. Comparison with previous technical studies shows that the materials and elaborate build‐ups used to paint The Lamentation are consistent with other paintings by Rogier van der Weyden and his workshop.
本文重点介绍了在最近的保护处理期间，由Rogier van der Weyden和工作室进行的《基督的哀歌》(约1460年，Mauritshuis)的技术检查。研究的目的是利用来自非侵入性化学制图和横断面分析的信息，识别和绘制用于人物最终油漆和底漆的颜料，以支持这幅画的现有归属。结果来自MA - XRF扫描仪和两台高光谱反射成像相机(400-1000 nm;967-1680 nm)，加上最近的油漆截面分析和20世纪80年代收集的数据，可以全面了解所使用的颜料及其分布。总的来说，结果表明艺术家使用有限的调色板实现了各种各样的彩色帷幔(长袍)的人物。在不同的蓝色窗帘中发现了高品质的深蓝色和粗蓝铜矿，而蓝铜矿也与红湖和铅白结合，生产出淡紫色和紫色色调的织物。绿色长袍含有另一种铜颜料，铜绿，与铅锡黄结合。不同的红色帷幕显示出细微的色调差异，这是由不同的层地层和铅白、朱红色和红色湖泊的比例所获得的。化学地图也为一些帷幔的原始外观和模型提供了新的见解，包括发现含有(部分褪色的)红色湖泊的不寻常的棕色连衣裙。与之前的技术研究相比，《哀歌》所用的材料和精心制作的结构与Rogier van der Weyden及其工作室的其他画作一致。
{"title":"The materials and techniques of <i>The Lamentation of Christ</i> (ca. 1460, Mauritshuis), attributed to Rogier van der Weyden and studio: Combining <scp>MA‐XRF</scp>, reflectance imaging spectroscopy and paint cross‐section analysis","authors":"Carol Pottasch, Annelies van Loon, John K. Delaney, Kathryn A. Dooley","doi":"10.1002/xrs.3404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3404","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article highlights a technical examination of The Lamentation of Christ (ca. 1460, Mauritshuis) attributed to Rogier van der Weyden and studio, performed during its recent conservation treatment. The goal of the research was to identify and map pigments used for the final paint and underpaint of the figures using information from non‐invasive chemical mapping and analysis of cross sections, to support the existing attribution of the painting. The results from a MA‐XRF scanner and two hyperspectral reflectance imaging cameras (400–1000 nm; 967–1680 nm) along with those from the analysis of recent paint cross sections and those collected in the 1980s allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the pigments used and their distribution. In general, the results show that the artist achieved a wide variety of colored draperies (robes) of the figures using a limited palette. High‐quality ultramarine and coarse azurite were identified in the different blue draperies, while azurite was also found combined with red lake and lead white to produce the lilac and purple‐toned fabrics. The green robe contains another copper pigment, verdigris, combined with lead‐tin yellow. The various red draperies show subtle differences in hue, obtained by varying the layer stratigraphy and proportions of lead white, vermilion, and red lake. The chemical maps also provided new insights into the original appearance and modeling of some of the draperies, including the unusual brown dress that was found to contain (partly faded) red lake. Comparison with previous technical studies shows that the materials and elaborate build‐ups used to paint The Lamentation are consistent with other paintings by Rogier van der Weyden and his workshop.","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Mercury is a pollutant that poses a considerable health risk. The concentration of mercury in scalp hair can be used to estimate past mercury exposure. Methods such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma‐based techniques have been used to determine the concentrations of trace elements in scalp hairs; however, these analytical methods have several limitations, including the need for expensive equipment, complex sample preparation, and large samples of more than 100 hairs. Therefore, simpler and more cost‐effective methods are required. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a simple and fast analytical method. To improve the sensitivity, we applied a secondary target method to enhance the XRF excitation and reduce the background. In conventional secondary target methods, the primary x‐rays irradiate a secondary target of a pure substance, and the sample is then irradiated with the fluorescent x‐rays from the secondary target. We placed high‐purity Y₂O₃ powder, which served as the secondary target, behind the hair samples. The XRF intensities of trace elements such as mercury and zinc in the hair were enhanced by applying the secondary target behind the hair.
{"title":"X‐ray fluorescence analysis of mercury in human hairs using a secondary target placed behind the sample","authors":"Fumiyuki Inoue, Tugufumi Matsuyama, Kouichi Tsuji","doi":"10.1002/xrs.3406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3406","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Mercury is a pollutant that poses a considerable health risk. The concentration of mercury in scalp hair can be used to estimate past mercury exposure. Methods such as atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma‐based techniques have been used to determine the concentrations of trace elements in scalp hairs; however, these analytical methods have several limitations, including the need for expensive equipment, complex sample preparation, and large samples of more than 100 hairs. Therefore, simpler and more cost‐effective methods are required. X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy is a simple and fast analytical method. To improve the sensitivity, we applied a secondary target method to enhance the XRF excitation and reduce the background. In conventional secondary target methods, the primary x‐rays irradiate a secondary target of a pure substance, and the sample is then irradiated with the fluorescent x‐rays from the secondary target. We placed high‐purity Y₂O₃ powder, which served as the secondary target, behind the hair samples. The XRF intensities of trace elements such as mercury and zinc in the hair were enhanced by applying the secondary target behind the hair.","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Vidit Manyar, Pradeep K. Rai, Upendra Kumar, Charles Ghany, Shipra Tripathi, Vivek K. Singh
Abstract Gallstone formation is one of the most severe human diseases, with regional differences in gallstone composition worldwide. The formation of gallstones inside the gallbladder is a complex process and is still under debate despite advances in instrumentation. This study was an in‐depth analysis of the chemical, structural, and elemental composition of cholesterol and pigment‐type gallstones using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC) analysis was also carried out on gallstones to predict their thermal behavior. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to distinguish the cholesterol and pigment gallstones. Using SEM, we performed the morphological studies of gallstone and EDS were carried out to analyze elemental distribution within the gallstones. Elemental imaging and mapping of the major and minor elements within the cholesterol and black pigment gallstones were carried out, revealing the stone's heterogeneous nature. The level of heavy and toxic elements was found to be higher in pigment stones than in cholesterol gallstones. The results obtained from TG‐DSC are well correlated and supported by the results from FTIR spectroscopy.
{"title":"Elemental studies and mapping of cholesterol and pigment gallstones using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy","authors":"Varun Bali, Yugal Khajuria, Vidit Manyar, Pradeep K. Rai, Upendra Kumar, Charles Ghany, Shipra Tripathi, Vivek K. Singh","doi":"10.1002/xrs.3403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.3403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gallstone formation is one of the most severe human diseases, with regional differences in gallstone composition worldwide. The formation of gallstones inside the gallbladder is a complex process and is still under debate despite advances in instrumentation. This study was an in‐depth analysis of the chemical, structural, and elemental composition of cholesterol and pigment‐type gallstones using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG‐DSC) analysis was also carried out on gallstones to predict their thermal behavior. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to distinguish the cholesterol and pigment gallstones. Using SEM, we performed the morphological studies of gallstone and EDS were carried out to analyze elemental distribution within the gallstones. Elemental imaging and mapping of the major and minor elements within the cholesterol and black pigment gallstones were carried out, revealing the stone's heterogeneous nature. The level of heavy and toxic elements was found to be higher in pigment stones than in cholesterol gallstones. The results obtained from TG‐DSC are well correlated and supported by the results from FTIR spectroscopy.","PeriodicalId":23867,"journal":{"name":"X-Ray Spectrometry","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136061947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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