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Optimization of near ultraviolet irradiation conditions for isolation of relaxed mutants of Escherichia coli. 大肠杆菌松弛突变体近紫外照射条件的优化。
Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240720
D Riesenberg, H Lang

We describe optimized conditions for isolation of relaxed mutants of bacteria with 4-thiouridine-containing tRNAs. The results presented here imply that besides the knowledge of the action spectra for near UV-induced growth inhibition of stringent and relaxed cells the fluence--fluence rate dependence of growth inhibition is an essential factor for optimizing the enrichment of relaxed mutants. We investigated systematically the dependence of growth inhibition of both stringent and relaxed strains of E. coli on the wavelength lambda, on the fluence F and on the fluence rate I within the ranges lambda = 301-365 nm, F = 0-48 kJ X m-2 and I = 0-60 W X m-2. The optimized conditions for selection of relaxed mutants of E. coli are lambda = 334 nm, F = 48 kJ X m-2 and I = 60 W X m-2. These optimized parameters determined for E. coli may be used in general to select relaxed mutants of other bacterial species by combining the turbidostat technique with near UV irradiation (Riesenberg et al. 1983).

我们描述了分离含有4-硫脲的trna的细菌松弛突变体的优化条件。本文的结果表明,除了了解近紫外诱导的严格和宽松细胞生长抑制的作用谱外,生长抑制的影响-影响率依赖是优化宽松突变体富集的重要因素。在λ = 301 ~ 365 nm、F = 0 ~ 48 kJ X m-2和I = 0 ~ 60 W X m-2范围内,系统地考察了严格型和宽松型大肠杆菌对生长的抑制作用与波长λ、影响F和影响率I的关系。大肠杆菌松弛突变体的最佳选择条件为λ = 334 nm, F = 48 kJ X m-2, I = 60 W X m-2。这些为大肠杆菌确定的优化参数一般可用于通过将浊度抑制技术与近紫外照射相结合来选择其他细菌物种的松弛突变体(Riesenberg et al. 1983)。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of phosphate on the biosynthesis of nourseothricin by Streptomyces noursei JA 3890b. 磷酸盐对诺氏链霉菌JA 3890b合成诺氏皂甙的影响。
P J Müller, G Haubold, M Menner, H H Grosse, J H Ozegowski, H Bocker

The results present evidence for the important role of phosphate-mediated regulation of the nourseothricin biosynthesis by the processes of phosphate limitation and release of phosphate. Also, higher initial concentrations of phosphate were found to have a strong inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of nourseothricin. It is concluded that the initial phosphate concentration was the primary target for the biometrical optimization of the fermentation medium. The presence of zinc ions neutralized the negative effect of high initial concentrations of phosphate which was also strongly influenced by the regime of sterilization.

结果表明,磷酸盐通过限制磷酸盐和释放磷酸盐的过程,介导了诺瓦克酪氨酸生物合成的重要作用。此外,较高的初始浓度的磷酸盐被发现有很强的抑制作用,对生物合成的诺斯廖丙氨酸。综上所述,初始磷酸盐浓度是发酵培养基生物特征优化的主要目标。锌离子的存在中和了高初始浓度磷酸盐的负面影响,磷酸盐也受到灭菌制度的强烈影响。
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引用次数: 0
[Leukemomycin-blocked mutants of Streptomyces griseus and their pigments. II. New 7-hydroxy-bisnahydro-rhodomycinones from the mutant ZIMET 41707/1P]. 灰色链霉菌的白血病阻断突变体及其色素。2来自突变体ZIMET 41707/1P的新7-羟基双钠氢红霉素[j]。
Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240805
W Ihn, C Wagner, W F Fleck, D Tresselt, I Eritt, P Sedmera

Various blocked mutants were isolated from three leukaemomycin-(daunomycin-)producing strains IMET JA 3933, IMET JA 5142 and IMET JA 5570 of Streptomyces griseus by NTG and UV treatments. Among them, one class of four mutants ZIMET 43707/1P, IMET JA 5570/3P, IMET JA 5570/10P and IMET JA 5142/01P1 produced new blue and red pigments. Two red compounds designated 1PI and 1PII are the main components of the pigment complex produced by culture of the blocked mutant ZIMET 43707/1P. This paper describes the isolation of 1PI and IPII; furthermore, the spectral and physicochemical properties of these anthracyclinones and the elucidation of their structures are reported.

通过NTG和UV处理,从灰色链霉菌的3株产白霉素(道诺霉素)菌株IMET JA 3933、IMET JA 5142和IMET JA 5570中分离出多种阻断突变体。其中,一类4个突变体ZIMET 43707/1P、IMET JA 5570/3P、IMET JA 5570/10P和IMET JA 5142/01P1产生了新的蓝色和红色色素。两种被命名为1PI和1PII的红色化合物是阻断突变体ZIMET 43707/1P培养产生的色素复合物的主要成分。本文介绍了1PI和IPII的分离;此外,还报道了这些蒽环类化合物的光谱和理化性质,并对它们的结构进行了说明。
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引用次数: 8
Mixed culture kinetics of stringent and relaxed Escherichia coli cells in glucose-limited chemostat. 严格和宽松型大肠杆菌细胞在葡萄糖限制趋化器中的混合培养动力学。
Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240210
D Riesenberg, F Bergter

The mixed culture kinetics of stringent and relaxed Escherichia coli cells were investigated in a glucose-limited chemostat at different dilution rates. Independent of the dilution rate the stringent cells competed out the relaxed cells. But the number of generations necessary for displaying the relaxed cells by the stringent ones increased with increasing dilution rate. The results are discussed as a consequence of the regulatory role of guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) which is known to be present at different concentrations in stringent and relaxed cells under conditions of nutrient limitation. In addition, it is postulated that the coefficient of the maintenance metabolism according to PIRT (1965) is slower in stringent cells than in relaxed cells of E. coli.

研究了严格型和宽松型大肠杆菌细胞在葡萄糖限制型趋化器中不同稀释率的混合培养动力学。与稀释率无关,严格的细胞与放松的细胞竞争。但随着稀释率的增加,松弛细胞被严格细胞显示所需的代数增加。结果讨论了鸟苷-5'-二磷酸-3'-二磷酸(ppGpp)的调节作用,已知在营养限制条件下,在严格和宽松的细胞中以不同浓度存在。此外,根据PIRT(1965),假设大肠杆菌严格细胞的维持代谢系数比放松细胞慢。
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引用次数: 4
[Formation of plasmid pBR322 oligomers as depending on a tetracycline concentration]. [质粒pBR322寡聚物的形成取决于四环素浓度]。
W Wiehle, M Hecker, B Reichstein, F Mach

Escherichia coli K12 strains containing the plasmid pBR322 often show varying contents of plasmid oligomers, in which the monomer units are arranged in tandem. When the concentration of the plasmid-selective antibiotic tetracycline in the medium becomes increased selection of cells containing largely higher oligomers occurs. The number of monomer units organized in the oligomers increases with tetracycline concentration. recA- mutants are unable to generate oligomers under the same conditions and show lower tetracycline resistance. This observations suggest a selective advantage of oligomer containing cells in the presence of tetracycline as a result of higher gene dosage. But E. coli cells transformed with monomers, dimers, trimers, as well as tetramers of pBR322 are characterized by roughly the same plasmid DNA content as well as plasmid coded beta-lactamase and resistance to tetracycline.

含有质粒pBR322的大肠杆菌K12菌株通常表现出不同含量的质粒低聚物,其中单体单位是串联排列的。当质粒选择性抗生素四环素在培养基中的浓度增加时,选择含有大量高寡聚物的细胞发生。在低聚物中组织的单体单位数量随着四环素浓度的增加而增加。在相同的条件下,recA突变体不能产生低聚物,并表现出较低的四环素抗性。这一观察结果表明,含有低聚物的细胞在四环素存在下具有选择性优势,因为基因剂量较高。但是用pBR322的单体、二聚体、三聚体和四聚体转化的大肠杆菌细胞具有大致相同的质粒DNA含量、质粒编码的β -内酰胺酶和对四环素的抗性。
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引用次数: 0
Modification by genetic changes of the pleiotropic interference of butyrolactone-type autoregulators with differentiation of Streptomyces griseus. 丁内酯型自调节因子多效性干扰与灰色链霉菌分化的遗传修饰。
Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240803
U Gräfe, I Eritt, G Reinhardt, D Krebs, W F Fleck

Two series of aerial-mycelium-negative (Amy-), anthracycline-nonproducing (Ant-) mutants were obtained from ancestral Amy+Ant+ strains of S. griseus: a) derivatives represented by the met- strain 39 which could not differentiate although they were still producing both the butyrolactone-type autoregulator 1 and NADP-glycohydrolase, and b) mutants whose incapability to form spores and anthracycline pigments was apparently caused by the loss of autoregulator production. These latter mutants responded to the addition of 1 or the naturally occurring dihydro derivative 2 with complete or at least partial reconstitution of differentiation-associated functions. All of the b)-type mutant strains exhibited similar biochemical alterations in the presence of 1 or 2 regardless of the presence of additional genetic changes in the primary metabolism. Two mutants, however, displayed an altered pattern of secondary product formation. In submerged cultures the major biochemical changes observed in presence of 1 (or 2) were an increase of the lipid level in the mycelium, an alteration of the lipid composition, and a stimulation of neutral proteinase production. All of the blocked autoregulator-negative mutants were discernible from the ancestral strains and strain 39 by their lack of NADP-glycohydrolase production. This suggested the existance of a common genetic locus or a common pleiotropic regulator gene controling both gene functions. Present ideas concerning the role of butyrolactone-type autoregulator 1 as a pleiotropic effector molecule interacting with development of S. griseus are summarized in a hypothetical scheme.

从灰霉病菌的Amy+Ant+菌株中获得了两个系列的航空-菌丝阴性(Amy-)、不产蒽环素(Ant-)突变体:a)以met-菌株39为代表的衍生物,虽然它们仍能产生丁内酯型自调节因子1和nadp -糖水解酶,但不能分化;b)突变体不能形成孢子和蒽环素色素,这显然是由于失去了自调节因子的产生。后一种突变体对加入1或自然产生的二氢衍生物2有完全或至少部分的微分相关功能重构反应。所有的b)型突变株在1或2的存在下表现出相似的生化改变,而不管在初级代谢中是否存在额外的遗传变化。然而,两个突变体显示出改变的二次产物形成模式。在深层培养中,在1(或2)的存在下,观察到的主要生化变化是菌丝中脂质水平的增加,脂质组成的改变,以及中性蛋白酶生产的刺激。所有被阻断的自调节因子阴性突变体都与祖先菌株和菌株39区分开来,因为它们缺乏nadp -糖水解酶的产生。这表明存在一个共同的遗传位点或一个共同的多效性调节基因来控制这两个基因的功能。本文以一种假设方案概述了丁内酯型自调节因子1作为多效效应分子与稻瘟病菌发育相互作用的研究进展。
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引用次数: 0
Substructural study of sporogenesis in Streptomyces griseus. 灰色链霉菌孢子发生的亚结构研究。
Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240813
C Strunk

A Streptomyces griseus strain deficient in the formation of aerial mycelium and arthrospore development (Amy-) was studied by electron microscopy and compared with the sporulating parental strain (Amy+). The investigations were performed with colonies grown on solid medium. The substructural characteristics of the essential events of sporogenesis could clearly been demonstrated in the aerial mycelium of the Amy+ colonies. The mycelium of the surface region of the Amy- colonies showed altered features. The most pronounced alteration was the absence of the surface sheath, normally present on the aerial hyphae of the parental strain. The cross wall type II, characteristic of sporogeneous hyphae, was not discernible in the Amy- hyphae. Some substructural features resembling the essential events of normal sporogenesis were evident in the Amy- strain, albeit diminished and interfered with by abnormalities. The resulting propagative cells were of different size and feature.

用电镜研究了一株缺乏气生菌丝形成和节孢子发育的灰链霉菌菌株(Amy-),并与产孢亲本菌株(Amy+)进行了比较。研究是在固体培养基上培养的菌落进行的。在Amy+菌落的气生菌丝中,可以清楚地显示出孢子发生的基本事件的亚结构特征。菌落表面菌丝的形态发生了变化。最明显的变化是缺乏表面鞘,通常存在于亲本菌株的气生菌丝上。在Amy-菌丝中未发现具有孢子状菌丝特征的II型交叉壁。一些类似于正常孢子发生的基本事件的亚结构特征在Amy-品系中是明显的,尽管被异常减少和干扰。所得到的繁殖细胞大小和特征各不相同。
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引用次数: 0
[Modification of virulence and immunogenicity of Pasteurella multocida by iron in vitro]. [体外铁修饰多杀性巴氏杆菌毒力和免疫原性]。
Pub Date : 1984-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630240404
K D Flossmann, H Rosner, U Grünke, N Miosga

The virulence of Pasteurella multocida strains in experimental infections of mice has been shown to depend on the iron contents of the cultivation media. Frequent passages of bacteria on iron-deficient growth media result in drastic decrease of virulence. In the case of one strain also immunogenicity was lowered. The results with nutritional media differing in their iron contents show that iron probably exhibits a regulatory effect on the production of a not yet identified virulence.

多杀性巴氏杆菌菌株在小鼠实验感染中的毒力已被证明取决于培养培养基中的铁含量。细菌在缺铁培养基上的频繁传代导致毒力急剧下降。其中一株的免疫原性也降低。不同营养介质铁含量的结果表明,铁可能对一种尚未确定的毒力的产生有调节作用。
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引用次数: 7
Sequential processes of phosphate limitation and of phosphate release in streptomycin fermentations. 链霉素发酵中磷酸盐限制和磷酸盐释放的顺序过程。
Pub Date : 1983-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.3630230408
P J Müller, A Christner, J H Ozegowski

The significance of the sequential processes of phosphate limitation and of phosphate release from medium constituents is demonstrated in technical streptomycin fermentations. The phosphate limitation initiated the streptomycin synthesis as well as the formation of phosphatases and protease. In later periods of the process the phosphate release influences especially the enzyme formation.

在链霉素技术发酵中,磷酸盐限制和磷酸盐从培养基成分中释放的顺序过程具有重要意义。磷酸盐限制启动了链霉素的合成以及磷酸酶和蛋白酶的形成。在这个过程的后期,磷酸盐的释放尤其影响酶的形成。
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引用次数: 0
Uncoupling of respiration in turimycin fermentations. 霉素发酵过程中呼吸解偶联。
W Effenberger, P J Müller, H Bocker

Results furnish evidence for a partial uncoupling of respiration at conditions of phosphate limitation in turimycin fermentations. The uncoupling was primarily caused by the high intracellular ATP hydrolase activity and probably also by the CN-resistant respiration. The results support the idea that high dephoshorylating enzyme activities may have a regulatory effect on the secondary product biosynthesis.

结果提供了部分解耦呼吸的证据,在磷限制条件下,在turimycin发酵。解偶联主要是由于细胞内ATP水解酶活性高,也可能是由抗cn呼吸作用引起的。研究结果支持了高脱磷酶活性可能对次生产物生物合成具有调节作用的观点。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Mikrobiologie
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