{"title":"Elapholaophonte decaceros n. gen., n. sp. (Copepoda: Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from the Philippines","authors":"N. Schizas, T. C. Shirley","doi":"10.2307/3226641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226641","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"127-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88583191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) possess an alimentary canal that has seven pyloric ceca, some or all of which may be parasitized by the acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides thecatus. The microscopic anatomy of ceca with worms and the microscopic anatomy of ceca without worms in parasitized fish were compared to each other and to that of ceca from unparasitized fish. Parasites occluded ceca and caused significant distention (two-tailed Student's t-test, P < 0.05). Frequently, the proboscis was positioned in the lamina propria, but sometimes attachment was in the muscularis mucosa. Occasionally, the cecal wall was perforated. Epithelium was destroyed at the site of attachment and cell debris occurred in the lumen. The abundance of goblet cells in the mucosa of infected ceca was significantly greater than in ceca without worms whether in parasitized or unparasitized fish. Circular and longitudinal muscle layers in the muscularis mucosa were significantly thicker in parasitized than in unparasitized ceca. Additionally, muscle layers in unparasitized ceca of infected fish were significantly thicker than those in uninfected fish, revealing an effect of parasitism more general than necrosis at the site of attachment. Numerous papers have reported pathological effects of acanthocephalans on their vertebrate definitive hosts. Most of these papers described granulomas, necrosis, inflammation, and occasional perforation of the gut wall. Quantitative data that compared infected with uninfected individuals are scanty. Bullock (1967) found no difference in the number of mucous cells, granular cells, or rodlet cells in uninfected mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853), and those infected with Octospiniferoides chandleri Bullock, 1957. Although necrosis occurred at the attachment site of the parasites, the mucosal epithelium was normal immediately outside of the wounds (Bullock, 1967). Changes in addition to those at the attachment site were described in rats infected with Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1819). The diameter of the intestine and the thickness of its muscle layers were greater throughout in infected than in uninfected rats (Singhvi & Crompton, 1982). Structural damage at the point of attachment by Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton, 1891) was described in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede, 1802), by Venard & Warfel (1953) and in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui Lacepede, 1802, by Esch & Huffines (1973), but effects of infection 1 This research was conducted while I. de Buron was a recipient of a Lavoisier stipend from the French Ministere de La Recherche et de l'Industrie. Dr. Vincent A. Connors offered helpful comments and assistance. 2 Present address: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, U.S.A. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(2): 161-168. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.51 on Sat, 18 Jun 201
{"title":"Histopathological effects of the acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides thecatus in the ceca of the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus.","authors":"I. Buron, B. Nickol","doi":"10.2307/3226644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226644","url":null,"abstract":"Green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) possess an alimentary canal that has seven pyloric ceca, some or all of which may be parasitized by the acanthocephalan Leptorhynchoides thecatus. The microscopic anatomy of ceca with worms and the microscopic anatomy of ceca without worms in parasitized fish were compared to each other and to that of ceca from unparasitized fish. Parasites occluded ceca and caused significant distention (two-tailed Student's t-test, P < 0.05). Frequently, the proboscis was positioned in the lamina propria, but sometimes attachment was in the muscularis mucosa. Occasionally, the cecal wall was perforated. Epithelium was destroyed at the site of attachment and cell debris occurred in the lumen. The abundance of goblet cells in the mucosa of infected ceca was significantly greater than in ceca without worms whether in parasitized or unparasitized fish. Circular and longitudinal muscle layers in the muscularis mucosa were significantly thicker in parasitized than in unparasitized ceca. Additionally, muscle layers in unparasitized ceca of infected fish were significantly thicker than those in uninfected fish, revealing an effect of parasitism more general than necrosis at the site of attachment. Numerous papers have reported pathological effects of acanthocephalans on their vertebrate definitive hosts. Most of these papers described granulomas, necrosis, inflammation, and occasional perforation of the gut wall. Quantitative data that compared infected with uninfected individuals are scanty. Bullock (1967) found no difference in the number of mucous cells, granular cells, or rodlet cells in uninfected mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird & Girard, 1853), and those infected with Octospiniferoides chandleri Bullock, 1957. Although necrosis occurred at the attachment site of the parasites, the mucosal epithelium was normal immediately outside of the wounds (Bullock, 1967). Changes in addition to those at the attachment site were described in rats infected with Moniliformis moniliformis (Bremser, 1819). The diameter of the intestine and the thickness of its muscle layers were greater throughout in infected than in uninfected rats (Singhvi & Crompton, 1982). Structural damage at the point of attachment by Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Linton, 1891) was described in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede, 1802), by Venard & Warfel (1953) and in smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieui Lacepede, 1802, by Esch & Huffines (1973), but effects of infection 1 This research was conducted while I. de Buron was a recipient of a Lavoisier stipend from the French Ministere de La Recherche et de l'Industrie. Dr. Vincent A. Connors offered helpful comments and assistance. 2 Present address: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, U.S.A. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(2): 161-168. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.51 on Sat, 18 Jun 201","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"113 1","pages":"161-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85845066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux and the distribution and abundance of crustacean zooplankton and bacteria associated with formation of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum were examined in a deep embayment of Kentucky Lake, Kentucky. POC measurements from sediment traps placed above and below the metalimnion yielded an estimate of the organic material that was metabolized in the metalimnion. This estimate was the molar equivalent of the oxygen that was depleted from the metalimnion. Calculated zooplankton respiration accounted for 26-31% of the observed oxygen loss, except in midsummer when it accounted for 15%. Estimated bacterial respiration accounted for >44% of the observed oxygen loss. The comparison of calculated oxygen demand with observed oxygen loss emphasizes the importance of in situ processes as the cause of the minimum and suggests that metalimnetic deficits may be useful to estimate productivity. The vertical distribution of three species of Daphnia changed as the oxygen minimum formed. Daphnia pulex became entirely hypolimnetic. Thus, changes in chemical structure influence spatial distribution of zooplankton species. Disappearance of oxygen from deep, dark layers of productive thermally stratified lakes is one of the classical dogmata of limnological knowledge (Birge & Juday, 1911). Under homothermal conditions, wind mixing keeps all depths oxygenated through photosynthetic oxygen production in the euphotic zone and atmospheric invasion at the surface. Organic matter, synthesized in the upper lighted layers, is decomposed by bacteria as it sinks, using dissolved oxygen (Henrici, 1939). When mixing is prevented by the thermal/density This study was supported by the Center for Reservoir Research and conducted at the Hancock Biological Station, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, U.S.A. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Gary Rice for field assistance and Jennifer Burch for zooplankton enumeration. Reviews of the manuscript by Drs. Alan W. Groeger, Michael L. Mathis, and David S. White are appreciated. Contribution no. 18 of the Center for Reservoir Research. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. Soc., 113(2): 105-116. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.193 on Thu, 08 Sep 2016 04:38:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC. barrier that defines stratification, deep waters are no longer oxygenated, and the net respiratory losses result in oxygen depletion. Disappearance of oxygen from only the metalimnion is one of several variants of this phenomenon. The metalimnetic oxygen minimum, or negative heterograde oxygen profile (Hutchinson, 1957), is characteristic of productive lakes with steep-walled basins and voluminous hypolimnia. These conditions seem to be met often in river impoundments (Cole & Hannan, 1990). In the situation described here, dense metalimnetic populations of crustacean zooplankton were observed, suggesting that a
温度和氧气分布以1米间隔进行电化学测量(Hydrolab Surveyor II)。光以1米间隔进行测量(Li-Cor，型号LI-185B)。沉积物捕集器是一组四根PVC管(70 x 7.5 cm)，底部关闭，顶部打开(Hakanson & Jansson, 1983)，在金属层的顶部(6米)和底部(12米)两端开放，悬挂到106。1994年4月2日收集进入和离开金属离子的POC。在每个捕集器的底部加入100 ml 10%福尔马林和50% NaCl的致密层，以阻止分解。当每次间隔后回收捕集器时，将捕集器中的水倒掉，并去除保存层中的沉积物。用蒸馏水将沉积物样品体积调至1l。POC含量(碳水化合物)是通过在玻璃纤维过滤器(Whatman GF/F)上过滤50毫升亚样品并用重铬酸盐氧化POC来测量的(Strickland & Parsons, 1968)。上下圈闭中POC的差值代表了两个圈闭之间6 m层中POC因分解而损失的量。结果用ALtg POC/cm2/d表示。然后将POC所代表的氧的摩尔当量与同期氧浓度的变化进行比较。在2.2 L van dorn型水瓶中，每隔3 m深度采集水进行细菌计数。每个取样深度取一个25ml的子样本，用4%过滤、CaCO3缓冲的福尔马林在田间保存。过滤1 ml亚样品(0.2,m)，用4'6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色，用紫外荧光显微镜计数(Porter & Feig, 1980)。一个500毫升的亚样本通过90%丙酮萃取过滤后进行叶绿素- a分析(Clesceri et al, 1989)。在每个采样日每隔3米收集3个重复的浮游动物样本，使用15-L Schindler浮游生物捕集器，安装63- im Nitex?筛子桶(辛德勒，1969)。在5月1日至2日和7月12日至13日中午至0800 h，每隔4 h采集垂直序列，测定浮游动物在氧最小值形成前后的金属离子分布规律。浮游动物储存在70毫升聚苯乙烯组织培养瓶中，并保存在3%福尔马林中。以50100倍的倍率对甲壳类浮游动物进行了不抽样的枚举。每个间隔期间的呼吸耗氧量是根据已发表的各种浮游动物类群的呼吸速率计算得出的(Chaston, 1969;Comita, 1968;伊万诺娃,1970;Kibby, 1971;Moshiri et al.， 1969;里奇曼,1958)。细菌呼吸速率是根据Kusnetzow & Karsinkin(1931)的数据估计的。通过应用Winberg et al.(1934)的平均氧热系数(1 ml O2/mg碳)和Salonen et al.(1976)得出的水生无脊椎动物的能量碳关系(10.98 cal/mg碳)，将以碳表示的呼吸速率转换为消耗的氧气。对四个间隔中的每一个采样间隔，将耗氧量估算值转换为毫克氧。当不能得到特定的呼吸速率时，使用最接近的类群的值进行计算。结果:本文的分析基于4月7日分层建立后至7月12日期间，此时金属离子中的溶解氧达到最低浓度(图1)。3月24日，在7 ~ 10 m深度间首次观测到热分层。这个内容从207.46.13.193下载于2016年9月8日星期四04:38:24 UTC所有内容以http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS为准。点。MICROSC。SOC。
{"title":"Metalimnetic Oxygen Depletion: Organic Carbon Flux and Crustacean Zooplankton Distribution in a Quarry Embayment","authors":"M. Schramm, G. Marzolf","doi":"10.2307/3226639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226639","url":null,"abstract":"Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux and the distribution and abundance of crustacean zooplankton and bacteria associated with formation of a metalimnetic oxygen minimum were examined in a deep embayment of Kentucky Lake, Kentucky. POC measurements from sediment traps placed above and below the metalimnion yielded an estimate of the organic material that was metabolized in the metalimnion. This estimate was the molar equivalent of the oxygen that was depleted from the metalimnion. Calculated zooplankton respiration accounted for 26-31% of the observed oxygen loss, except in midsummer when it accounted for 15%. Estimated bacterial respiration accounted for >44% of the observed oxygen loss. The comparison of calculated oxygen demand with observed oxygen loss emphasizes the importance of in situ processes as the cause of the minimum and suggests that metalimnetic deficits may be useful to estimate productivity. The vertical distribution of three species of Daphnia changed as the oxygen minimum formed. Daphnia pulex became entirely hypolimnetic. Thus, changes in chemical structure influence spatial distribution of zooplankton species. Disappearance of oxygen from deep, dark layers of productive thermally stratified lakes is one of the classical dogmata of limnological knowledge (Birge & Juday, 1911). Under homothermal conditions, wind mixing keeps all depths oxygenated through photosynthetic oxygen production in the euphotic zone and atmospheric invasion at the surface. Organic matter, synthesized in the upper lighted layers, is decomposed by bacteria as it sinks, using dissolved oxygen (Henrici, 1939). When mixing is prevented by the thermal/density This study was supported by the Center for Reservoir Research and conducted at the Hancock Biological Station, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, U.S.A. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of Gary Rice for field assistance and Jennifer Burch for zooplankton enumeration. Reviews of the manuscript by Drs. Alan W. Groeger, Michael L. Mathis, and David S. White are appreciated. Contribution no. 18 of the Center for Reservoir Research. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. Soc., 113(2): 105-116. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.193 on Thu, 08 Sep 2016 04:38:24 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC. barrier that defines stratification, deep waters are no longer oxygenated, and the net respiratory losses result in oxygen depletion. Disappearance of oxygen from only the metalimnion is one of several variants of this phenomenon. The metalimnetic oxygen minimum, or negative heterograde oxygen profile (Hutchinson, 1957), is characteristic of productive lakes with steep-walled basins and voluminous hypolimnia. These conditions seem to be met often in river impoundments (Cole & Hannan, 1990). In the situation described here, dense metalimnetic populations of crustacean zooplankton were observed, suggesting that a","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"57 1","pages":"105-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87543496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several copepods associated with octocorals are recorded from the region of Nosy Be in northwestern Madagascar, including Orecturus sakalavicus n. sp. from Coelogorgia palmosa. The female of this new siphonostomatoid may be distinguished from its four congeners on the basis of selected characteristics as follows: Orecturus grandisetiger (body large, average length 1.20 mm; third segment of antennule with enlarged seta); Orecturus excavatus (outer margin of first segment of exopod excavated, free segment of leg 5 oval); Orecturus forticulus (caudal ramus wider than long, innermost terminal seta on antenna very long and plumose, claw of maxilla stout); and Orecturus finitimus (free segment of leg 5 oval, caudal ramus wider than long). Two poecilostomatoids are reported: Acanthomolgus telestophilus from Coelogorgia palmosa (new host) and Telesticola angoti from Coelogorgia palmosa. Sixty-six species of siphonostomatoid and poecilostomatoid copepods are known to be associated with octocorals, primarily representatives of Gorgonacea, Telestacea, Alcyonacea, and Pennatulacea, in the vicinity of Nosy Be in northwestern Madagascar (Humes, 1982, 1989, 1990; Humes & Stock, 1973). Three poecilostomatoid copepods (but no siphonostomatoids) have been reported from Telestacea in the vicinity of Nosy Be. Acanthomolgus (=Lichomolgus) Telestophilus (Humes & Ho, 1968) occurs with Telesto arborea Wright & Studer, Telesticola angoti Humes & Stock, 1973 lives with Coelogorgia palmosa Milne Edwards & Haime. Paramolgus (=Lichomolgus) clavatus (Humes & Ho, 1968) is known from Coelogorgia palmosa. This paper presents a description of a new siphonostomatoid copepod from Coelogorgia palmosa and lists other copepods from certain alcyonaceans and telestaceans, including new host records. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the time of collection, the colonies of the octocorals were isolated in plastic bags containing sea water. Later, in the laboratory, sufficient 95% ethanol was added to make approximately a 5% solution. After 1-2 h, the octocorals were rinsed, the wash water poured through a fine net (approximately 120 holes per 2.5 cm), and the copepods recovered from the sediment retained. The copepods were measured and studied in lactic acid. Dissections were The copepods were collected in 1963-1964 as part of the United States Program in Biology of the International Indian Ocean Expedition, and in 1967 with the support of a grant from the National Science Foundation (G-5838). The laboratory study has been aided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (BSR 88 21979). TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(2): 117-126. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.51 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 07:33:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC. prepared using the wooden-slide method described by Humes & Gooding (1964). All drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida.
{"title":"Copepoda associated with octocorals in Northwestern Madagascar, including Orecturus sakalavicus n. sp. from the Telestacean Coelogorgia palmosa","authors":"A. G. Humes","doi":"10.2307/3226640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226640","url":null,"abstract":"Several copepods associated with octocorals are recorded from the region of Nosy Be in northwestern Madagascar, including Orecturus sakalavicus n. sp. from Coelogorgia palmosa. The female of this new siphonostomatoid may be distinguished from its four congeners on the basis of selected characteristics as follows: Orecturus grandisetiger (body large, average length 1.20 mm; third segment of antennule with enlarged seta); Orecturus excavatus (outer margin of first segment of exopod excavated, free segment of leg 5 oval); Orecturus forticulus (caudal ramus wider than long, innermost terminal seta on antenna very long and plumose, claw of maxilla stout); and Orecturus finitimus (free segment of leg 5 oval, caudal ramus wider than long). Two poecilostomatoids are reported: Acanthomolgus telestophilus from Coelogorgia palmosa (new host) and Telesticola angoti from Coelogorgia palmosa. Sixty-six species of siphonostomatoid and poecilostomatoid copepods are known to be associated with octocorals, primarily representatives of Gorgonacea, Telestacea, Alcyonacea, and Pennatulacea, in the vicinity of Nosy Be in northwestern Madagascar (Humes, 1982, 1989, 1990; Humes & Stock, 1973). Three poecilostomatoid copepods (but no siphonostomatoids) have been reported from Telestacea in the vicinity of Nosy Be. Acanthomolgus (=Lichomolgus) Telestophilus (Humes & Ho, 1968) occurs with Telesto arborea Wright & Studer, Telesticola angoti Humes & Stock, 1973 lives with Coelogorgia palmosa Milne Edwards & Haime. Paramolgus (=Lichomolgus) clavatus (Humes & Ho, 1968) is known from Coelogorgia palmosa. This paper presents a description of a new siphonostomatoid copepod from Coelogorgia palmosa and lists other copepods from certain alcyonaceans and telestaceans, including new host records. MATERIALS AND METHODS At the time of collection, the colonies of the octocorals were isolated in plastic bags containing sea water. Later, in the laboratory, sufficient 95% ethanol was added to make approximately a 5% solution. After 1-2 h, the octocorals were rinsed, the wash water poured through a fine net (approximately 120 holes per 2.5 cm), and the copepods recovered from the sediment retained. The copepods were measured and studied in lactic acid. Dissections were The copepods were collected in 1963-1964 as part of the United States Program in Biology of the International Indian Ocean Expedition, and in 1967 with the support of a grant from the National Science Foundation (G-5838). The laboratory study has been aided by a grant from the National Science Foundation (BSR 88 21979). TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(2): 117-126. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.51 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 07:33:01 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC. prepared using the wooden-slide method described by Humes & Gooding (1964). All drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida.","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87338074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amebostomes on the Ameba Acanthamoeba castellanii (Acanthamoebidae: Amoebida)","authors":"J. Ubelaker, M. L. Farmer, James H. Martin","doi":"10.2307/3226650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226650","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"211-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79264823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. R. Miller, H. Heatwole, R. Pidgeon, G. Gardiner
A survey of the terrestrial tardigrades inhabiting algae, lichens, and mosses in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica was conducted at 61 sites during the austral summer of 1987. Five genera and six species of Tardigrada were recovered. Statistical analysis of biotic association was conducted and for most species-pairs, tardigrades occur randomly with respect to each other. The hypothesis is proposed that distribution of tardigrades in the Antarctic is more strongly influenced by dispersal capabilities than by climatic factors or biotic interactions. East Antarctica is a series of widely dispersed, small, ice-free areas surrounded by a continuous sea of mostly frozen water. These islands, scattered along the Antarctic circle, provide a discontinuous habitat for terrestrial organisms. Tardigrade research in East Antarctica has been conducted entirely within the current century. Richters (1904, 1907) described the first tardigrades from this area, and later he listed 13 species, providing also the first discussion of distribution. Over 50 years passed before Morikawa (1962) and Sudzuki (1964) reported finding tardigrades near the Japanese base at Syowa, Queen Maud Land. Korotkevich (1964) found, but did not identify, tardigrades in bodies of freshwater in the Bungar Hills and the Obruchev Hills of Wilkes Land. Thomas (1965) found an unidentified Macrobiotus in the meltwater pools near the abandoned Wilkes Base on the Clark Peninsula. Another decade passed without reports of tardigrades from East Antarctica, until Sudzuki (1979) again described the animals from the Syowa area. In the early 1980's, the ecology of Antarctic tardigrades was discussed by Everitt (1981) and Miller (1983). Dastych (1984) expanded the list of species known from Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands and described eight species new to science. Gardiner & Pidgeon (1987) reported collections at sites in East Antarctica; this paper is the culmination of that work. The tardigrade fauna of the Vestfold We are grateful to the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) and to the personnel of the Australian Antarctic Division, especially Martin Betts, for logistical support and advice, and for making the expedition possible, and to Dr. Rod Seppelt for identification of the mosses and lichens. Publication costs, in part, are being met by a grant from the Spencer-Tolles Fund of the American Microscopical Society. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(2): 142-160. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.251 on Thu, 14 Jul 2016 06:20:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 113, NO. 2, APRIL 1994 Hills near Davis Base was surveyed by Miller et al. (1988); they discussed the ecology, distribution, and association patterns. Dastych (1989) reported on specimens collected in the area of Casey Station. Ryan et al. (1989) extended the known distribution of five species with a report from Roberts
1987年夏季，在南极东部的拉尔森山的61个地点对栖息在藻类、地衣和苔藓中的陆生缓步动物进行了调查。发现缓步动物5属6种。生物关联的统计分析表明，在大多数物种对中，缓步动物是随机发生的。这一假说提出，缓步动物在南极的分布受扩散能力的影响比受气候因素或生物相互作用的影响更大。东南极洲是一系列广泛分布的、小的、无冰的区域，周围是一个连续的海洋，大部分是冰冻的水。这些岛屿散布在南极圈上，为陆生生物提供了不连续的栖息地。东南极洲的缓步动物研究完全是在本世纪内进行的。Richters(1904, 1907)描述了该地区的第一批缓步动物，后来他列出了13种缓步动物，也首次讨论了缓步动物的分布。50多年后，Morikawa(1962)和Sudzuki(1964)才报道在莫德皇后地的Syowa日本基地附近发现了水熊虫。Korotkevich(1964)在威尔克斯地的Bungar Hills和Obruchev Hills的淡水水体中发现了缓步动物，但没有识别出来。Thomas(1965)在克拉克半岛废弃的威尔克斯基地附近的融水池中发现了一只身份不明的巨生鳄。又过了十年，没有关于东南极洲缓步动物的报道，直到Sudzuki(1979)再次描述了来自Syowa地区的动物。80年代初，Everitt(1981)和Miller(1983)对南极缓步动物的生态学进行了讨论。Dastych(1984)扩大了南极和亚南极岛屿已知的物种名单，并描述了8种科学上的新物种。Gardiner & Pidgeon(1987)报告了在东南极洲的一些地点的收集;这篇论文是这项工作的成果。我们要感谢澳大利亚国家南极研究探险队(ANARE)和澳大利亚南极分部的工作人员，特别是马丁·贝茨(Martin Betts)，感谢他们的后勤支持和建议，感谢他们使这次探险成为可能，感谢罗德·塞佩尔特(Rod Seppelt)博士鉴定了苔藓和地衣。出版费用的一部分由美国显微学会的斯宾塞-托尔斯基金资助。反式。点。MICROSC。SOC。环境科学学报，2013(2):142-160。1994. ？ 版权所有，1994年，美国显微学会，Inc。此内容于2016年7月14日星期四06:20:29 UTC从157.55.39.251下载。2.1994年4月Miller等人(1988)对Davis基地附近的丘陵进行了调查;他们讨论了生态、分布和关联模式。Dastych(1989)报告了在Casey站地区收集的标本。Ryan et al.(1989)在南非Sanae基地附近的Robertskollen发表了一份报告，扩展了已知的五种分布。Dastych et al.(1990)描述了来自Robertskollen同一地区的两个新种。Dastych(1991)重新描述了南极海扁虱这个物种，减少了这种非常常见的物种与北极海扁虱之间的混淆。Miller et al.(1988)回顾了在南极洲东部以外地区的缓步动物研究。尽管做出了这些努力，东南极洲的许多无冰地区仍未被探索，也没有对水熊虫进行调查。本报告首次记录了东南极洲英格丽·克里斯滕森海岸的拉尔森山的缓步动物。
{"title":"Tardigrades of the Australian Antarctic Territories: the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica","authors":"W. R. Miller, H. Heatwole, R. Pidgeon, G. Gardiner","doi":"10.2307/3226642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226642","url":null,"abstract":"A survey of the terrestrial tardigrades inhabiting algae, lichens, and mosses in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica was conducted at 61 sites during the austral summer of 1987. Five genera and six species of Tardigrada were recovered. Statistical analysis of biotic association was conducted and for most species-pairs, tardigrades occur randomly with respect to each other. The hypothesis is proposed that distribution of tardigrades in the Antarctic is more strongly influenced by dispersal capabilities than by climatic factors or biotic interactions. East Antarctica is a series of widely dispersed, small, ice-free areas surrounded by a continuous sea of mostly frozen water. These islands, scattered along the Antarctic circle, provide a discontinuous habitat for terrestrial organisms. Tardigrade research in East Antarctica has been conducted entirely within the current century. Richters (1904, 1907) described the first tardigrades from this area, and later he listed 13 species, providing also the first discussion of distribution. Over 50 years passed before Morikawa (1962) and Sudzuki (1964) reported finding tardigrades near the Japanese base at Syowa, Queen Maud Land. Korotkevich (1964) found, but did not identify, tardigrades in bodies of freshwater in the Bungar Hills and the Obruchev Hills of Wilkes Land. Thomas (1965) found an unidentified Macrobiotus in the meltwater pools near the abandoned Wilkes Base on the Clark Peninsula. Another decade passed without reports of tardigrades from East Antarctica, until Sudzuki (1979) again described the animals from the Syowa area. In the early 1980's, the ecology of Antarctic tardigrades was discussed by Everitt (1981) and Miller (1983). Dastych (1984) expanded the list of species known from Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands and described eight species new to science. Gardiner & Pidgeon (1987) reported collections at sites in East Antarctica; this paper is the culmination of that work. The tardigrade fauna of the Vestfold We are grateful to the Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE) and to the personnel of the Australian Antarctic Division, especially Martin Betts, for logistical support and advice, and for making the expedition possible, and to Dr. Rod Seppelt for identification of the mosses and lichens. Publication costs, in part, are being met by a grant from the Spencer-Tolles Fund of the American Microscopical Society. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(2): 142-160. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.251 on Thu, 14 Jul 2016 06:20:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 113, NO. 2, APRIL 1994 Hills near Davis Base was surveyed by Miller et al. (1988); they discussed the ecology, distribution, and association patterns. Dastych (1989) reported on specimens collected in the area of Casey Station. Ryan et al. (1989) extended the known distribution of five species with a report from Roberts","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"31 1","pages":"142-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82452163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lanceimermis minnesotensis n. sp. and gastromermis parvispicularis n. sp. (Nematoda: Mermithidae) from adult chironomids emerging from Lake Itasca, Minnesota, U.S.A.","authors":"Arthur A. Johnson, M. Kleve","doi":"10.2307/3226646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"103 1","pages":"177-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87487229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A mutant of Dictyostelium mucoroides lacking the sorophore sheath and primary macrocyst wall","authors":"Marilynn A. Larson, D. L. Kelly, Allen T Weber","doi":"10.2307/3226649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80328173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe the ultrastructure of the envelope covering each cystacanth of Acanthocephalus clavula within the hemocoel of naturally infected amphipods, Echinogammarus stammeri, from the River Brenta (northern Italy). A fully developed larva of this acanthocephalan occupies a large portion of the host's hemocoel. The envelope bounding the parasite maintains intimate contact with the internal organs and hemocytes of the host. Intact amphipod hemocytes, as well as cells in varying degrees of degeneration, mainly on the outermost edge of the envelope of A. clavula, were observed. No melanized larvae of A. clavula were seen within the hemocoel. This envelope apparently protects the developing acanthocephalan larva from cellular responses of the host. The present paper reports light and transmission electron microscopical observations on this transparent acellular envelope surrounding the cystacanth of A. clavula. In the interface region of the parasite envelope with hemocytes of E. stammeri, cells were found adherent to the outer surface of the larval envelope and also between the inner edge of the envelope and parasite
{"title":"Fine structure of the envelope surrounding the cystacanth of Acanthocephalus clavula (Acanthocephala) in its intermediate host Echinogammarus stammeri (Ampohipoda)","authors":"B. S. Dezefuli, G. Bosi, R. Rossi","doi":"10.2307/3226577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226577","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the ultrastructure of the envelope covering each cystacanth of Acanthocephalus clavula within the hemocoel of naturally infected amphipods, Echinogammarus stammeri, from the River Brenta (northern Italy). A fully developed larva of this acanthocephalan occupies a large portion of the host's hemocoel. The envelope bounding the parasite maintains intimate contact with the internal organs and hemocytes of the host. Intact amphipod hemocytes, as well as cells in varying degrees of degeneration, mainly on the outermost edge of the envelope of A. clavula, were observed. No melanized larvae of A. clavula were seen within the hemocoel. This envelope apparently protects the developing acanthocephalan larva from cellular responses of the host. The present paper reports light and transmission electron microscopical observations on this transparent acellular envelope surrounding the cystacanth of A. clavula. In the interface region of the parasite envelope with hemocytes of E. stammeri, cells were found adherent to the outer surface of the larval envelope and also between the inner edge of the envelope and parasite","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"112 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87925707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrastructure of the Reproductive System of Cura foremanii (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)","authors":"W. Filschlschweiger","doi":"10.2307/3226574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3226574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23957,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the American Microscopical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91076725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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