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Occurrence of ferritin crystals in thoracic and abdominal cells of the adult parasitic wasp Pediobius foveolatus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) 黄斑小蜂成虫胸腹细胞中铁蛋白晶体的出现(膜翅目:蜂科)
Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226579
G. Chapman, M. Hooker
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引用次数: 1
Alloglossidium greeri n. sp. (Digenea: Macroderoididae) from the Cajun dwarf crayfish, Cambarellus schufeldti, in Louisiana, U.S.A. 美国路易斯安那州卡津小龙虾(Cambarellus schufeldti)的绿小龙虾(Alloglossidium greeri n. sp.
Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226583
W. F. Font
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引用次数: 9
Morphology and Chorionic Fine Structure of the Egg of Neurocolpus nubilus (Hemiptera: Miridae) 黄斑神经蝗卵的形态和绒毛膜精细结构(半翅目:蝗科)
Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226582
G. Baker, P. W. Ma
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引用次数: 3
Fine structure of the gastrodermis of two species of Gyrodactylus (Monogenoidea: Polyonchoinea, Gyrodactylidae) 两种旋齿蝇腹真皮的精细结构(单总科:蓼目,旋齿蝇科)
Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226578
D. C. Kritsky, D. Bourguet, R. Spall
Transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the organization and fine structure of the gastrodermis of two species of Gyrodactylus. The gastrodermis consists of a syncytial epithelium characterized by large widely spaced nuclei, two types of vesicular structures, mitochondria with tubular cristae, Golgi complexes, and scattered rough endoplasmic reticulum; the luminal surface possesses few widely spaced, branched lamellae projecting into the intestinal lumen. Organization of the gastrodermis in the Monogenoidea is discussed; the syncytial gastrodermis is considered to be a possible synapomorphic feature of the Gyrodactylidea. Two general patterns of nutrition occur within the Monogenoidea (see Halton & Jennings, 1965). In the subclass Polyonchoinea, member species usually feed on epidermal tissues and secretions of the host, and species of the subclasses Polystomatoinea and Oligonchoinea are generally sanguinivorous. These nutritional preferences appear to be related to gastrodermal structure and organization. In the Polystomatoinea and Oligonchoinea, the gut wall is comprised of two cell types, one of which is involved in digestion of blood (see Rohde, 1980, for review). In polyonchoinean species investigated to date, the gastrodermis comprises a monolayer of cells consisting of a single cell type (Fournier, 1978; Halton & Stranock, 1976; Junchis, 1988). Apparently, the latter organization of the gastrodermis is symplesiomorphic for the Monogenoidea in that a similar state also occurs among rhabdocoel turbellarians (Holt & Mettrick, 1975) as well as among some digeneans and aspidobothreans (Dike, 1967; Hathaway, 1972; Rohde, 1971). The purpose of this paper is to report an apomorphic state of the gastrodermis within the derived polyonchoinean family Gyrodactylidae. MATERIALS AND METHODS Specimens of Gyrodactylus eucaliae Ikezaki & Hoffman, 1957 and Gyrodactylus sp. were collected from the skins of Culaea inconstans (Kirtland) in Illinois and Rhinichthys osculus (Girard) in Idaho, respectively. Preparatory procedures of G. eucaliae for electron microscopy were presented by Kritsky & Kruidenier (1976). Specimens of Gyrodactylus sp. were fixed at 0?C for 4 h in a solution of equal parts of 1.5% paraformaldehyde and 1.5% glutaraldehyde buffered at 7.3 pH with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate. After postfixation in buffered 1% OsO4 for 20 min, the worms were washed in distilled water and dehydrated The authors are grateful to Mr. Jim Smothers, Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, for assistance in the electron-microscope laboratory. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. Soc., 113(1): 43-51. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.176 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 07:33:45 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC.
采用透射电子显微镜对两种旋齿鱼腹真皮的组织和精细结构进行了观察。胃真皮由合胞上皮组成,其特征是大而宽的细胞核,两种类型的泡状结构,具有管状嵴的线粒体,高尔基复合体和分散的粗糙内质网;肠管表面有少数间隔较宽的分枝片,突出到肠管内。讨论了单系总目胃真皮的组织结构;合胞性胃真皮被认为是回动纲的一个可能的突触性特征。在单基因概念中,有两种一般的营养模式(见Halton & Jennings, 1965)。在Polyonchoinea亚纲中,成员种通常以宿主表皮组织和分泌物为食,Polystomatoinea亚纲和Oligonchoinea亚纲的成员种通常以血为食。这些营养偏好似乎与胃真皮的结构和组织有关。在Polystomatoinea和Oligonchoinea中,肠壁由两种类型的细胞组成,其中一种参与血液的消化(见Rohde, 1980,回顾)。在迄今为止所研究的多盘蝇属物种中,胃真皮层由单一细胞类型组成的单层细胞组成(Fournier, 1978;Halton & Stranock, 1976;峻驰,1988)。显然,后一种胃真皮组织对于单系总纲来说是单形的,因为类似的状态也发生在横纹肌涡虫(Holt & Mettrick, 1975)以及一些digeneans和aspidobothreans中(Dike, 1967;海瑟薇,1972;纽约,1971年)。本文的目的是报道在衍生的多盘蝇科Gyrodactylidae中胃真皮的一种非形状态。材料与方法分别从伊利诺斯州的Culaea inconstans (Kirtland)和爱达荷州的Rhinichthys osculus (Girard)的皮肤上采集了Gyrodactylus eucaliae Ikezaki & Hoffman, 1957和Gyrodactylus属的标本。Kritsky & Kruidenier(1976)提出了桉树的电子显微镜制备程序。旋齿龙的标本固定在0?在等量1.5%多聚甲醛和1.5%戊二醛的溶液中,用0.1 M的羧酸钠在7.3 pH下缓冲4小时。在1% OsO4缓冲液中固定20分钟后,用蒸馏水洗涤并脱水。作者感谢爱达荷州立大学生物科学系Jim Smothers先生在电子显微镜实验室的帮助。反式。点。MICROSC。Soc。生物医学工程学报,2013(1):43-51。1994. ? 版权所有,1994年,美国显微学会,Inc。本内容下载于207.46.13.176星期一,2016年6月20日07:33:45 UTC所有内容以http://about.jstor.org/terms TRANS为准。点。MICROSC。SOC。
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引用次数: 9
An ultrastructural study of Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) 双叶藻(硅藻科)的超微结构研究
Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226580
Mary C. Moffat
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引用次数: 14
Two new species of Isospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from ovenbirds (Passeriformes: Furnariidae) of South America 标题南美烧鸟(雀形目:烧鸟科)等孢子虫属二新种
Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226584
T. E. Mcquistion, A. Capparella
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引用次数: 4
Mounting pollen on a thermoplastic adhesive for scanning electron microscopy 将花粉装在扫描电子显微镜用的热塑性粘合剂上
Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226581
W. Chissoe, E. L. Vezey, J. Skvarla
A heat-sensitive adhesive, Tempfix?, developed for scanning electron microscopy of powders and small particles, provides consistently high-quality secondary imaging with a variety of pollen grain morphologies and preparation protocols. Tempfix" was used successfully under all combinations of these conditions: (1) pollen air-dried from ETOH or artificially dried; (2) pollen transferred to naked or sputter-coated Tempfix?; and (3) pollen transferred to solid (at room temperature) or tacky (40-43?C) Tempfix?. In contrast to other adhesives, Tempfix": (1) does not react with the dehydration fluid ethanol; (2) permits control of depth of pollen penetration into the adhesive; (3) provides a high pollen retention rate with both air-dried and artificially dried preparations; and (4) has a smooth glassy background. A critical element in many scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies of pollen is the adhesive used to anchor grains to the specimen mount. Surprisingly, palynological adhesives have received relatively little attention. Frequently, they are unreported or only briefly noted in the materials-and-methods sections of pollen investigations. Adhesives for pollen grains are similar to those for other particulates; they include double-stick tape, rubber cement, silver paste, poly-L-lysine, glues, and waxes (Murphy, 1982). All of these, to some extent, yield inconsistent or undesirable results: charging (the buildup of electrons caused by inadequate sample grounding); sunken grains with halos attributable to partial embedment in the adhesive; grains with obscured surfaces caused by interaction of dehydrating solution with the adhesive; wrinkled, grainy, and uneven backgrounds owing to the nature and composition of the adhesive; and excessive loss of pollen grains caused by inadequate bonding with the adhesive. Recently, a thermoplastic adhesive, Tempfix?, was recommended as a mounting medium for small particles and powders in SEM (Marchese-Ragona et al., 1992). Because Tempfix? offered potential advantages over the adhesives listed above, particularly the ability to control the depth of sample penetration, we tested this adhesive using a variety of pollen grain sculpture patterns and SEM preparation techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dry pollen was collected from herbarium specimens (Table I) and treated as outlined in Fig. 1. First, pollen was acetolyzed (10 min of boiling in a 9:1 mixture of acetic anhydride and sulfuric acid; Erdtman, 1960). All samples then were dehydrated through graded ethanol (ETOH) solutions to 100% ETOH, and then either (1) air-dried directly onto specimen mounts (Fig. 1: method TRANS. AM. MICROSC. Soc., 113(1): 72-79. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.243 on Wed, 05 Oct 2016 04:52:18 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 113, NO. 1, JANUARY 1994
一种热敏粘合剂,Tempfix?,用于粉末和小颗粒的扫描电子显微镜,提供一致的高质量的二次成像与各种花粉粒形态和制备方案。“Tempfix”在以下条件的所有组合下均成功使用:(1)花粉从ETOH中风干或人工干燥;(2)花粉转移到裸露的或溅射涂层的Tempfix?;(3)花粉转化为固体(室温)或粘性(40-43℃)的温度。与其他粘合剂相比,Tempfix":(1)不与脱水液乙醇发生反应;(2)可以控制花粉进入粘合剂的深度;(3)风干和人工干燥制剂均可提供高花粉保留率;(4)具有光滑的玻璃状背景。在许多花粉扫描电镜(SEM)研究中,一个关键因素是用于将颗粒固定在标本底座上的粘合剂。令人惊讶的是,孢粉粘接剂受到的关注相对较少。通常,它们未被报道或仅在花粉调查的材料和方法部分简要地注意到。花粉粒的黏合剂与其他颗粒的黏合剂相似;它们包括双粘胶带、橡胶水泥、银浆、聚l -赖氨酸、胶水和蜡(Murphy, 1982)。在某种程度上,所有这些都会产生不一致或不希望的结果:充电(由于样品接地不足引起的电子积聚);由于胶粘剂部分嵌入,颗粒凹陷,有光晕;由于脱水溶液与胶粘剂的相互作用,导致颗粒表面模糊;由于粘合剂的性质和成分造成的起皱、颗粒状和不均匀的背景;和花粉粒的过度损失,造成不充分的粘接胶。最近,一种热塑性胶粘剂Tempfix?被推荐作为SEM中小颗粒和粉末的安装介质(Marchese-Ragona et al., 1992)。因为Tempfix ?与上面列出的粘合剂相比,这种粘合剂具有潜在的优势,特别是控制样品渗透深度的能力,我们使用各种花粉颗粒雕刻模式和SEM制备技术对这种粘合剂进行了测试。材料和方法从植物标本馆标本中收集干花粉(表1),并按图1所示处理。首先,将花粉在9:1的乙酸酐和硫酸混合物中乙酰化(煮沸10分钟);Erdtman, 1960)。然后通过分级乙醇(ETOH)溶液将所有样品脱水至100% ETOH,然后(1)直接风干到样品架上(图1:TRANS方法)。点。MICROSC。Soc。生物医学工程学报,2013(1):72-79。1994. ? 版权所有,1994年,美国显微学会,Inc。此内容从157.55.39.243下载于星期三,2016年10月5日04:52:18 UTC所有使用须遵守http://about.jstor.org/terms卷113,NO。一九九四年一月一日
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引用次数: 9
Observations on the morphology and taxonomy of a marine ciliate species of the genus Diophrys (Ciliophora: Euplotida) 一种海洋纤毛虫的形态与分类观察(纤毛虫目:整虫目)
Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226576
G. FERNANDEZ-LEBORANS, A. Novillo
The morphological features of a species of the genus Diophrys are described with special reference to ciliature and infraciliature. These characteristics consist of: (1) the oral ciliature composed of an adoral zone of organelles and a paroral formation, and (2) the frontal, ventral, left marginal, transverse, and caudal cirri. A biometric analysis was carried out taking into account 31 morphological features; these included: (1) body size and nuclear apparatus components; (2) size of the oral ciliature structures; (3) size of the different cirri; (4) relative distances between the transverse cirri and the poles; and (5) the length of cilia beyond the infraciliature. Comparisons were made with other species of the genus, taking into account 11 structural variables. The present paper: (1) defines the morphological characteristics of populations of D. appendiculata by completing descriptions of certain infraciliature structures, supplementing data of earlier studies by way of biometric analysis, and providing, by means of a morphometric survey, an assemblage of statistically treated data that may be used to make taxonomic determinations with greater precision. The genus Diophrys embraces several species of ciliates that are common in many marine habitats, especially in epibenthic zones of the continental shelf. Although these species were described by various workers (Agamaliev, 1967, 1983; Borror, 1972; Dragesco, 1963; Hartwig, 1973; Kahl, 1935; Kattar, 1970), there is a paucity of morphological data for individual species; e.g., Diophrys appendiculata (see Curds & Wu, 1983). We studied individuals of D. appendiculata, comparing their morphological features with other species of Diophrys. This paper shows: (1) morphological characteristics of a population of D. appendiculata; (2) morphological data obtained not only by us, but supplemented other data from the literature; (3) a biometric analysis of infraciliature and other structural characteristics, thus supplying statistical data on D. appendiculata; and (4) comparisons among different species of Diophrys that may be of taxonomic utility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ciliates were collected from Castro Urdiales Beach (Santander, Spain) during 1989-1990. They were extracted from interstitial sediments using the procedure described by Fernandez-Leborans (1990). Specimens were studied using brightfield and phase-contrast microscopy. Ciliature and infraciliature were stained by the silver carbonate technique (Fernandez-Leborans & Castro de Zaldumbide, 1986a). Measurements for 80 individuals were obtained for each feature using a calibrated ocular micrometer. I This work was supported by C.I.C.Y.T. grant NAT90-0059. TRANS. AM. MICROSC. SOC., 113(1): 22-33. 1994. ? Copyright, 1994, by the American Microscopical Society, Inc. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.35 on Fri, 02 Sep 2016 04:26:02 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOL. 113, NO. 1, JANUARY 1994 RESULTS General Morphology Specim
纤维状结构,口旁下纤维1 (sfl),伴随着PF1的整个长度。另一种薄结构,即口下纤维,起源于每一对动体,并向口腔内侧横向延伸。PF2划定口腔区域的右边界(图7-9;这是一个复杂的结构,由三部分组成:(1)前部,PF2 I, 714 Aim长,由20-24对动体(diplostichomonad)组成;(2)中间部分PF2 II,长15-23倍,由108-114个动体组成(其中大多数以3个动体为一组排列);(3)后部,PF2 III, 7-10 Aim长,从PF2 II的后端延伸到细胞器的口腔区下限。PF2 III由18-20对动体组成。PF2在其整个长度中都伴随着纤维结构,该内容下载于157.55.39.35(星期五,2016年9月2日04:26:02 UTC)所有内容均受http://about.jstor.org/terms的约束
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引用次数: 2
Rotifera, Vol. 1: Biology, Ecology and Systematics 轮虫,第1卷:生物学、生态学和系统学
Pub Date : 1994-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226585
R. Pennak, T. Nogrady, R. Wallace, T. Snell
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引用次数: 145
Periodicity and the Influence of Temperature and Cellular Size in Contractile Vacuole Contraction Intervals 液泡收缩周期的周期性及温度和细胞大小的影响
Pub Date : 1993-10-01 DOI: 10.2307/3226564
Soroor Nematbakhsh, B. Bergquist
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引用次数: 1
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Transactions of the American Microscopical Society
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