Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology最新文献

Introduction: Cancer remains a major global health concern, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths annually. Despite its complexity and heterogeneity, significant advancements in cancer research over the past two decades have transformed the landscape of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Notably, the integration of personalized medicine and technological innovations has led to more precise, effective, and individualized care strategies.

Materials: This review utilized peer-reviewed articles, clinical trial data, and recent meta-analyses published between 2015 and 2025. Major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using keywords such as "cancer therapy," "personalized medicine," "cancer diagnostics," "immunotherapy," and "cancer prevention.

Methods: A systematic review approach was applied, focusing on studies that reported significant advancements in cancer treatment modalities (e.g., targeted therapy, immunotherapy), diagnostic technologies (e.g., liquid biopsy, AI-based imaging), and preventive strategies (e.g., vaccination, genetic screening). Articles were selected based on relevance, impact, and recency, with a preference for clinical studies and high-impact reviews.

Results: Emerging therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, and molecularly targeted agents have shown improved survival and response rates in several cancer types. Diagnostic innovations, including next-generation sequencing and non-invasive liquid biopsies, have enhanced early detection and monitoring of treatment response. Preventive measures, such as HPV and HBV vaccination and genetic risk profiling, have reduced the incidence of several preventable cancers. Personalized medicine approaches have enabled treatment decisions based on individual genetic and molecular profiles, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced adverse effects.

Discussion: The integration of genomics, artificial intelligence, and immunotherapy into oncology practice marks a shift toward precision medicine. While these advances have significantly improved patient care, challenges such as treatment resistance, access disparities, and the high cost of novel therapies remain. Continued interdisciplinary research, equitable healthcare policies, and investment in emerging technologies are essential to fully realize the benefits of modern cancer care.

Flax seeds, scientifically known as Linum usitatissimum, are nutrient-rich seeds with omega-3 fatty acids, lignans, and fiber. They offer diverse health benefits including cholesterol reduction, cardiovascular support, anti-inflammatory properties, and potential in combating chronic diseases like diabetes and cancer. Additionally, their anti-arrhythmic and anti-atherogenic properties benefit vascular health. Studying their botanical features, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological activities could lead to innovative medical treatments. Flax seeds, with their nutritional versatility, present a valuable addition to a balanced diet, potentially contributing to improved well-being and disease prevention. studies have demonstrated its effectiveness in the production of nanoparticles with enhanced pharmacological effects and potential applications in various biomedical fields. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to explore the importantrole of L. usitatissimum as an important medicinal weed and to study its various pharmacological activities as well as the required chemical components.

The effect of Shirisharishta on histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs was evaluated in this study. Guinea pigs were placed in a histamine chamber, and an aerosol of 0.5% histamine was introduced using a compressor and nebulizer. The antihistaminic activity of the compound formulation of Albizzia lebbeck bark, i.e., Shirisharishta, as well as the extracts of its individual Prakshepa Dravyas, was assessed against histamine aerosol-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs. Additionally, a clinical trial of Shirisharishta was conducted on a group of patients suffering from urticaria, wherein its antiallergic effects were observed and compared to a standard treatment group. The study demonstrated promising antiallergic and bronchodilator activity of Shirisharishta, supporting its therapeutic potential in allergic and respiratory disorders.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) represents a holistic approach to health and wellness that integrates ancient philosophies with diverse therapeutic modalities. Rooted in concepts of Yin-Yang balance, Qi (vital energy), and the Five Elements theory, TCM aims to harmonize the body, mind, and spirit to achieve optimal health outcomes. This review explores the historical development, philosophical foundations, diagnostic methods, and common practices within TCM. It highlights the integration of acupuncture, herbal medicine, dietary therapy, and mind-body practices as key components of TCM's therapeutic arsenal. Scientific perspectives on TCM emphasize ongoing research efforts to validate its efficacy, mechanisms of action, and integration into modern healthcare systems. Criticisms surrounding TCM include challenges related to scientific validation, safety concerns regarding herbal products, and cultural differences in healthcare practices. Despite these challenges, TCM continues to evolve with advancements in research methodologies, digital health technologies, and integrative medicine approaches. The future of TCM holds promise in personalized and preventive medicine, global standardization, and ethical practices, positioning it as a valuable contributor to comprehensive healthcare models worldwide.

Fecal microbiota Transplantation (FMT), often referred to as stool transplantation, fecal transfusion, and fecal bacteria therapy, is considered one of the most medical innovations of the 20th century. Fecal microbiota Transplantation entails filtering and dilution of a healthy donor's feces before injecting it into the recipient's digestive system. In China, it was first administered orally in the fourth century for diarrhea and food poisoning under the name "Yellow Soup." It has recently been widely employed in a variety of clinical settings, including cases of Clostridium difficile infection that are recurring and resistant. By replacing the unhealthy intestinal microbiota with a healthy bacterial community, the FMT treatment aims to enhance the intestinal flora. It also looks at neurological conditions where alterations in gut microbiota are prevalent. We have discussed FMT in the context of its use in conditions affecting the nerve system, such as neurological and other conditions (multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, epilepsy, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Tourette syndrome, neuropathic pain, Huntington's diseases, etc.), as well as the role of gut microbiota in many neurological disorders.

Sotagliflozin, a novel dual inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporters 1 and 2 (SGLT1/2), represents a promising therapeutic advancement for managing diabetes mellitus. By inhibiting SGLT1 in the small intestine and SGLT2 in the kidneys, sotagliflozin uniquely improves glycemic control through reduced postprandial glucose absorption and enhanced urinary glucose excretion. This dual mechanism has shown significant benefits for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, including reduced insulin requirements, better glycemic control, weight loss, and improved cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Clinical trials have highlighted its potential to mitigate the risks of diabetic complications such as heart failure and chronic kidney disease. However, its use is associated with some side effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances, urinary tract infections, and an elevated risk of diabetic ketoacidosis. This review explores the chemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic implications of sotagliflozin, emphasizing its unique dual-target approach and potential to address unmet needs in diabetes management.

Transdermal drug delivery system was presented to overcome the difficulties of drug delivery especially oral route. A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream. It promotes healing to an injured area of the body. An advantage of a transdermal drug delivery route over other types of delivery system such as oral, topical, i.v., i.m., etc. is that the patch provides a controlled release of the medication into the patient, usually through either a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or through body heat melting thin layers of medication embedded in the adhesive. The main disadvantage to transdermal delivery systems stems from the fact that the skin is a very effective barrier, as a result, only medications whose molecules are small can easily penetrate the skin, so it can be delivered by this method. This review article describes the overall introduction of transdermal patches including type of transdermal patches, method of preparation of transdermal patches and factor affecting etc.

The present study focuses on the design, synthesis, in-silico studies, characterization, and evaluation of the antidiabetic activity of nitrogen and sulphur-containing heterocyclic compounds, specifically benzothiazole derivatives (2a-2e). The synthesized compounds were characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Their biological activity was assessed through molecular docking studies, which revealed strong binding interactions with target proteins, with compound 2a exhibiting the highest docking score (-8.7). Swiss ADME analysis was performed to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties, indicating good drug-likeness and bioavailability. In vitro antidiabetic activity was assessed using the α-amylase inhibition method, where compounds 2a and 2e demonstrated significant inhibitory potential with IC₅₀ values of 22.95±2.50µg/mL and 27.80±3.00µg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that benzothiazole derivatives, particularly compound 2a, hold promise as potential antioxidant agents, warranting further investigation for therapeutic applications.

Epigenetic mechanisms-DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs-integrate genetic programs with environmental cues to shape neural development, plasticity, and pathology. During neurogenesis, methylation patterns and histone marks direct stem cell fate and synapse formation, while microRNAs fine-tune gene expression. In the adult brain, rapid, reversible histone acetylation and activity-dependent non-coding RNAs underlie learning, memory, and injury responses. Environmental stressors, toxins, and diet can trigger maladaptive epigenetic changes, linking exposures to cognitive deficits and psychiatric risk. Aberrant methylation and histone landscapes are implicated in autism, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's-altering synaptic scaffolding, amyloid processing, and neuronal survival-while dysregulated microRNAs serve as both biomarkers and intervention targets. Advances in single-cell methylome sequencing, ChIP-seq, and multi-omics are clarifying cell-type specificity, and emerging therapies (HDAC inhibitors, methyl donors, RNA-based tools) offer promise, pending precise delivery and safety optimizations.

Background: Dapagliflozin is used for controlling blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, which enhances the elimination of blood glucose through the urine by inhibiting the protein involved in the transport mechanism of SGLT2. Dapagliflozin requires a selective and sensitive bioanalytical RP-HPLC method.

Aim: Reverse phase - high performance liquid chromatography technique was used to develop and validate a bioanalytical method for the quantification of dapagliflozin (DAPA) in human plasma.

Methods: The internal standard (IS) used was azilsartan medoxomil. In isocratic mode, the mobile phase consisted of 50:50 v/v acetonitrile and 0.1% orthophosphoric acid in water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The chromatogram was recorded at 224 nm. For the chromatographic separation, a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm; 5μ) was used. The drug was extracted from plasma samples by the protein precipitation method.

Result and discussion: The chromatographic run time was 15 min. Dapagliflozin and IS eluted at 4.6 and 5.7 min, respectively. The method was selective and sensitive, with a limit of quantification of 1.50 µg/mL. The developed method was found to be linear in the range of 1.50-60 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9994). The accuracy and precision obtained from six sets of quality control (QC) samples ranged from 96.23% to 108.67% and 1.35% to 3.19%, respectively. The extraction recovery of dapagliflozin in three QC samples ranged from 87.39% to 90.78%. The bench-top stability, stock solution stability, stability of processed extracted samples at room temperature, and freeze-thaw stability evaluations showed no evidence of degradation of dapagliflozin.

Conclusion: The stability, selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility of the developed method make it suitable for the determination of dapagliflozin in human plasma.