Zhongguo ying yong sheng li xue za zhi = Zhongguo yingyong shenglixue zazhi = Chinese journal of applied physiology最新文献

This review looks at the pharmacokinetics, safety, and effectiveness of taletrectinib, a novel inhibitor that targets both ROS1 and NTRK, in patients with solid tumors and ROS1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Objective response rates (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), intracranial efficacy, and safety profiles are evaluated in the Review using phase I and phase II clinical trials, including both domestic and foreign research projects. Findings show that taletrectinib has a promising anticancer impact, good CNS penetration, and a solid safety record, especially in patients with brain metastases. These results imply that ROS1-positive cancers may benefit from taletrectinib as a treatment.

In the context of dysbiosis, chronic inflammation, and carcinogenesis, non-Helicobacter pylori bacteria are becoming more widely acknowledged as significant contributors to stomach diseases. The stomach contains a variety of bacterial communities, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus species, Lactobacillus species, Prevotella species, Veillonella species, and Propionibacterium acnes, according to studies employing next-generation sequencing. Because of adaptation processes like urease activity, acid-tolerant metabolism, and biofilm development, these organisms can survive in acidic environments. While some, like Lactobacillus, can create metabolites like lactic acid that may impact carcinogenic nitrosation reactions, others, including F. nucleatum and Streptococcus, cause inflammation through immune activation and cytokine production. A known stomach carcinogen, N-nitroso compound, may be formed more frequently if nitrate-reducing bacteria proliferate. Following H. pylori eradication, dysbiosis frequently involves elevated abundance of these taxa, which may impact stomach cancer risk and mucosal integrity. The need for more comprehensive microbiome-targeted therapeutic approaches is highlighted by mounting evidence that non-H. pylori bacteria interact either antagonistically or synergistically with H. pylori and host factors, causing intestinal metaplasia, gastritis, and tumour progression, even though causality is still being investigated.

Aim: To assess the theranostic potential of titanium nanoparticles (TiNPs), especially titanium dioxide nanoclusters, by assessing their distinct physicochemical characteristics and uses in biomedical domains as gene transport, immunotherapy, antimicrobial therapy, cancer, and biosensing.

Methods: The multifunctional properties of TiNPs were reviewed, with particular attention paid to their wide surface area, photo-reactivity, biocompatibility, and simplicity of surface modification. They were evaluated for use in drug delivery, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, biosensing, immunotherapy, gene therapy, antibacterial and antiviral activity, imaging (MRI, CT, fluorescence, optical, and photoacoustic imaging), and immunotherapy.

Result and discussion: TiNPs have been demonstrated to improve imaging accuracy and sensitivity while facilitating real-time therapy monitoring. Through targeted administration, they decreased systemic toxicity and increased therapeutic efficacy in oncology. Their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) promotes their antiviral, antibacterial, and biofilm-inhibitory properties. TiNPs also make it easier to distribute checkpoint inhibitors for immunotherapy and to deliver genes through targeted uptake and electrostatic interactions. They also have high-resolution molecular imaging capabilities and perform better in biosensing and diagnostics.

Conclusion: By integrating therapeutic and diagnostic properties on one platform, titanium-based nanostructures demonstrate notable theranostic potential. The development of next-generation targeted medicines and diagnostics, better treatment results, and customized therapies are all made possible by their multifunctional nature.

The RP-HPLC methodology was used to establish a straightforward, accurate, and precise method for estimating Lanadelumab. The following chromatographic conditions were used: 5. Mobile phase: 0.1% OPA buffer: Acetonitrile in a ratio of 65:35; 5. Stationary phase: Agilent C18 250 x 4.6 mm; 5. Detection wavelength: 228.0 nm; column temperature: 30 °C; diluent: 50:50 acetonitrile: water; retention time: 2.280 min. As the most efficient approach, conditions were finalized. The standard was injected six times to study the system appropriateness characteristics, and the results fell well within the acceptable range. An analysis of linearity was conducted at 25% to 150% levels, and the R2 score was 0.999. Standard precision was determined to be 0.8, whereas repeatable precision was found to be 0.5. 0.08µg/ml is the LOD, while 0.24µg/ml is the LOQ. The assay of the marketed formulation was conducted using the described method, and 100.14% was found.

Hemocyanin is dissolved freely in hemolymph, the invertebrate blood substitute, in contrast to haemoglobin, which is encased in red blood cells. When oxygenated, this pigment gives mollusc and arthropod blood its characteristic blue or purple hue. This review article delves into the fascinating biology of hemocyanin, the copper-based oxygen-carrying protein responsible for "purple blood" in many invertebrates, contrasting its characteristics with the more familiar iron-based hemoglobin. The review used a variety of sources from 2020 to 2025, including preprint sites (bioRxiv, medRxiv), grey literature/press-release outlets including EurekAlert! and ScienceDaily, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and Google Scholar. While hemocyanin's unique properties allow for adaptation to diverse environments, its direct application as an artificial human blood substitute faces significant biological and immunological hurdles. The report then transitions to a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in artificial human blood transfusion, focusing on hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), perfluorocarbon-based oxygen carriers (PFCs), and stem cell-derived red blood cells. This analysis critically examines their development, clinical trial outcomes, and the persistent challenges in achieving safe, effective, and widely available blood alternatives, highlighting the distinct roles and limitations of hemocyanin-derived products primarily in immunomodulation rather than oxygen transport.

Poorly soluble small compounds pose challenges in drug formulation due to low solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy. These compounds often struggle to effectively target the disease due to their limited solubility. A large particle size further complicates reaching the desired site of action in the body. Reducing particle size through micronization or nanonization can enhance the efficacy of these active substances. Various methods, such as precipitation, milling, and high-pressure homogenization, are used to create nanocrystals, which can be delivered via multiple routes, with oral administration being preferred for safety and patient compliance. Nanonization is a key process in improving bioavailability, transforming micronized particles into nanoparticles under 1000 nm.

Pharmaceutical cocrystals have emerged as a transformative approach in drug development, enhancing the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as solubility, bioavailability, stability, and dissolution rate without altering their pharmacological characteristics. Defined as multicomponent crystalline solids composed of two or more neutral molecules in a stoichiometric ratio, cocrystals are formed through non-ionic interactions like hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking. This review explores the evolution, design, preparation, and applications of pharmaceutical cocrystals, highlighting their ability to improve drug performance, enable controlled release, and offer intellectual property opportunities. Various preparation methods, including solvent-based (e.g., solvent evaporation, cooling crystallization) and solid-based (e.g., grinding, liquid-assisted grinding) techniques, are discussed alongside design approaches like hydrogen bonding propensity and the supramolecular synthonic approach. The review also addresses challenges such as molecular compatibility, thermodynamic barriers, and regulatory considerations. With regulatory acceptance from agencies like the FDA and ongoing advancements in crystal engineering, pharmaceutical cocrystals hold significant promise for optimizing drug delivery and formulation, necessitating further research to fully realize their potential in commercial applications.

Intranasal delivery offers a promising route for direct drug transport to the central nervous system, bypassing the blood-brain barrier and improving therapeutic outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil, a widely prescribed drug for Alzheimer's, suffers from poor oral bioavailability, delayed onset, and limited nootropic activity due to extensive systemic metabolism. To address these limitations, this study aimed to develop and optimize a Donepezil-loaded lipid-based nanoemulsion for enhanced nose-to-brain delivery. A Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to optimize three formulation variables: drug-to-lipid ratio (1:2 to 1:6), surfactant concentration (1-2% w/v), and stirring speed (1500-2500 rpm), with their effects assessed on particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug loading. Based on solubility and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, Glyceryl Monostearate and Tween 80 were selected as excipients. Seventeen formulations were prepared and analyzed using Response Surface Methodology. The optimized formulation (Batch 18) exhibited a particle size of 160.12 nm, entrapment efficiency of 80.75%, and drug loading of 19.98%, with a desirability score of 0.977. Predicted and observed values were within ±5% variation, confirming model reliability with high Adjusted R² (>0.95), Predicted R² (>0.90), and a non-significant lack of fit (p > 0.05) by ANOVA. The optimized nanoemulsion showed enhanced brain-targeting efficiency and improved nootropic potential of Donepezil via the intranasal route, presenting a promising strategy for Alzheimer's therapy. However, the study was limited to in vitro assessments, and further in vivo pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and long-term safety evaluations are warranted to comprehensively establish its therapeutic potential.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have witnessed significant advancements in recent years, offering promising therapeutic options for the management of complex and multifactorial diseases. Despite their success, conventional mAbs exhibit limitations such as restricted targeting capacity and suboptimal immune activation, which has driven the development of bispecific monoclonal antibodies (BsAbs) capable of engaging multiple antigens simultaneously. Among these, CD3-bispecific mAbs have emerged as a potent class of immunotherapeutics, capable of activating T cells and inducing T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target cells, particularly in cancer immunotherapy. This review highlights several representative formats of BsAbs, elucidates their underlying mechanisms of action, and discusses current design strategies for CD3-bispecific mAbs. Emphasis is placed on optimizing their therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, supported by recent drug development examples and clinical applications.

Introduction: Cancer remains a major global health concern, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths annually. Despite its complexity and heterogeneity, significant advancements in cancer research over the past two decades have transformed the landscape of cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Notably, the integration of personalized medicine and technological innovations has led to more precise, effective, and individualized care strategies.

Materials: This review utilized peer-reviewed articles, clinical trial data, and recent meta-analyses published between 2015 and 2025. Major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched using keywords such as "cancer therapy," "personalized medicine," "cancer diagnostics," "immunotherapy," and "cancer prevention.

Methods: A systematic review approach was applied, focusing on studies that reported significant advancements in cancer treatment modalities (e.g., targeted therapy, immunotherapy), diagnostic technologies (e.g., liquid biopsy, AI-based imaging), and preventive strategies (e.g., vaccination, genetic screening). Articles were selected based on relevance, impact, and recency, with a preference for clinical studies and high-impact reviews.

Results: Emerging therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, and molecularly targeted agents have shown improved survival and response rates in several cancer types. Diagnostic innovations, including next-generation sequencing and non-invasive liquid biopsies, have enhanced early detection and monitoring of treatment response. Preventive measures, such as HPV and HBV vaccination and genetic risk profiling, have reduced the incidence of several preventable cancers. Personalized medicine approaches have enabled treatment decisions based on individual genetic and molecular profiles, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes and reduced adverse effects.

Discussion: The integration of genomics, artificial intelligence, and immunotherapy into oncology practice marks a shift toward precision medicine. While these advances have significantly improved patient care, challenges such as treatment resistance, access disparities, and the high cost of novel therapies remain. Continued interdisciplinary research, equitable healthcare policies, and investment in emerging technologies are essential to fully realize the benefits of modern cancer care.