Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240630-00309
With the progress of basic and clinical research on hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis over the world, Chinese Society of Hepatology of the Chinese Medical Association has invited experts in relevant fields to revise the 2018 "Chinese Guidelines on the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis". New guideline provides the recommendations for clinical diagnosis, treatment, primary and secondary prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis.
{"title":"[Chinese guidelines on the management of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis (2024)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240630-00309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240630-00309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the progress of basic and clinical research on hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis over the world, Chinese Society of Hepatology of the Chinese Medical Association has invited experts in relevant fields to revise the 2018 \"Chinese Guidelines on the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy in Cirrhosis\". New guideline provides the recommendations for clinical diagnosis, treatment, primary and secondary prevention of hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231130-00254
X F Zhao, Q Wang, J Sun, A M Zhang, X Y Chang, W G Li, X Z Duan
Objective: To investigate the effect and associated mechanism of tumor tissue-infiltrating NK cells after receiving radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A HCC tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (SK-Hep-1) and divided into four groups: control, radiotherapy, NK cell clearance, and NK clearance combined with radiotherapy. Tumor growth condition was simultaneously recorded. The NK cell ratio in peripheral blood and the NK cell intratumoral infiltration condition were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral-constructed SK-Hep-1 cells was used to detect the effect of radiotherapy on the regulation of CXCL10 and NK cell chemotaxis following EZH2 overexpression. SK-Hep-1 cells were irradiated in vitro and in vivo. The expression levels of EZH2 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein in the two groups of cell lines and mouse tumor tissues were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. The chemotaxis and blocking experiments were used to validate the chemotaxis effect of CXCL10 on NK cells. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the groups. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The HCC tumor-bearing mouse model experiment showed that HCC tumor growth was most remarkable in the NK clearance combined with the radiotherapy group compared to the radiotherapy group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of NK cells in the peripheral blood of nude mice in the radiotherapy group was significantly reduced, while the NK cell intratumoral infiltration was significantly increased (P<0.05). Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed invitro and invivo expressional alterations. The average expression levels of EZH2 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and tumor tissues were decreased in the radiotherapy group than the control group and mouse tumor tissues (P<0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCL10 increased (P<0.05). The cell supernatant following radiotherapy enhanced NK cell chemotaxis but inhibited CXCL10 neutralization. EZH2 overexpression validated that radiotherapy up-regulated CXCL10 mRNA and down-regulated protein expression levels in in vitro and in vivo experiments (P<0.05). The chemotactic effect on NK cells was significantly weakened with EZH2 overexpression following radiotherapy. Conclusion: NK cells, as immune effector cells, are directly involved in radiotherapy- activated anti-HCC immunity. Importantly, radiotherapy inhibits EZH2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, thereby upregulating CXCL10 expression and enhancing intratumoral NK cell invasion.
目的研究肝细胞癌(HCC)放疗后肿瘤组织浸润NK细胞的影响及相关机制。方法利用人体肝细胞癌细胞株(SK-Hep-1)构建HCC肿瘤小鼠模型,分为对照组、放疗组、NK细胞清除组和NK清除联合放疗组四组。同时记录肿瘤生长情况。流式细胞术和免疫组化法检测外周血中的 NK 细胞比例和 NK 细胞瘤内浸润情况。用慢病毒构建的SK-Hep-1细胞检测放疗对EZH2过表达后CXCL10和NK细胞趋化性调控的影响。对SK-Hep-1细胞进行体外和体内照射。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫印迹(WB)和免疫组化等方法检测了两组细胞系和小鼠肿瘤组织中EZH2和CXCL10 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。趋化和阻断实验用于验证 CXCL10 对 NK 细胞的趋化作用。组间比较采用独立样本 t 检验。结果HCC肿瘤小鼠模型实验表明,与放疗组相比,NK清除联合放疗组的HCC肿瘤生长最为显著。放疗组EZH2 mRNA和蛋白在肝癌细胞系和肿瘤组织中的平均表达水平低于对照组和小鼠肿瘤组织(PPP结论:NK细胞作为免疫效应细胞直接参与放疗激活的抗HCC免疫。重要的是,放疗抑制了肝细胞癌中EZH2的表达,从而上调了CXCL10的表达,增强了瘤内NK细胞的侵袭。
{"title":"[A mechanistic study of radiotherapy on intratumoral NK cell infiltration augmentation by regulating the EZH2/CXCL10 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma cells].","authors":"X F Zhao, Q Wang, J Sun, A M Zhang, X Y Chang, W G Li, X Z Duan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231130-00254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231130-00254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the effect and associated mechanism of tumor tissue-infiltrating NK cells after receiving radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). <b>Methods:</b> A HCC tumor-bearing mouse model was constructed using human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (SK-Hep-1) and divided into four groups: control, radiotherapy, NK cell clearance, and NK clearance combined with radiotherapy. Tumor growth condition was simultaneously recorded. The NK cell ratio in peripheral blood and the NK cell intratumoral infiltration condition were detected by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral-constructed SK-Hep-1 cells was used to detect the effect of radiotherapy on the regulation of CXCL10 and NK cell chemotaxis following EZH2 overexpression. SK-Hep-1 cells were irradiated <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The expression levels of EZH2 and CXCL10 mRNA and protein in the two groups of cell lines and mouse tumor tissues were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry. The chemotaxis and blocking experiments were used to validate the chemotaxis effect of CXCL10 on NK cells. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the groups. <i>P</i><0.05 was considered statistically significant. <b>Results:</b> The HCC tumor-bearing mouse model experiment showed that HCC tumor growth was most remarkable in the NK clearance combined with the radiotherapy group compared to the radiotherapy group (<i>P</i><0.05). Compared with the control group, the number of NK cells in the peripheral blood of nude mice in the radiotherapy group was significantly reduced, while the NK cell intratumoral infiltration was significantly increased (<i>P</i><0.05). Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry showed <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> and <i>in</i> <i>vivo</i> expressional alterations. The average expression levels of EZH2 mRNA and protein in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and tumor tissues were decreased in the radiotherapy group than the control group and mouse tumor tissues (<i>P</i><0.05), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of CXCL10 increased (<i>P</i><0.05). The cell supernatant following radiotherapy enhanced NK cell chemotaxis but inhibited CXCL10 neutralization. EZH2 overexpression validated that radiotherapy up-regulated CXCL10 mRNA and down-regulated protein expression levels in in vitro and in vivo experiments (<i>P</i><0.05). The chemotactic effect on NK cells was significantly weakened with EZH2 overexpression following radiotherapy. <b>Conclusion:</b> NK cells, as immune effector cells, are directly involved in radiotherapy- activated anti-HCC immunity. Importantly, radiotherapy inhibits EZH2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma, thereby upregulating CXCL10 expression and enhancing intratumoral NK cell invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231014-00143
B Y Wu, Z Z Ren, Y Liu, X W Yang, Y W Zhang
{"title":"[A case of giant hilar cholangiocarcinoma accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia achieved disease stabilization via hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy].","authors":"B Y Wu, Z Z Ren, Y Liu, X W Yang, Y W Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231014-00143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231014-00143","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240712-00319
Hereditary hemochromatosis is an iron overload disease caused by mutations in iron-regulating genes, resulting in excessive iron deposition in organs such as the liver, heart, skin, pancreas, and gonads, leading to corresponding multi-system damage. This condition is relatively common in European and American populations, primarily caused by mutations in the HFE gene; however, it is rare in China and other Asian countries, almost exclusively due to mutations in non-HFE genes. Clinical features include unexplained chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, accompanied by elevated serum ferritin and/or increased transferrin saturation. MRI shows iron deposition in the liver, liver biopsy reveals iron accumulation in hepatocytes, and genetic testing facilitate the diagnosis of this disease. Repeated phlebotomy is the first-line therapy for this condition. For those who cannot tolerate phlebotomy, iron chelation therapy may be used, and patients who progress to end-stage liver disease will require liver transplantation. To assist clinicians in making informed decisions on the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis, the Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association has invited experts from clinical medicine, molecular genetics, pathology, imaging, and methodology to systematically summarize the advancement in this field and collaboratively develop the current guidelines.
{"title":"[Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240712-00319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240712-00319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hereditary hemochromatosis is an iron overload disease caused by mutations in iron-regulating genes, resulting in excessive iron deposition in organs such as the liver, heart, skin, pancreas, and gonads, leading to corresponding multi-system damage. This condition is relatively common in European and American populations, primarily caused by mutations in the HFE gene; however, it is rare in China and other Asian countries, almost exclusively due to mutations in non-HFE genes. Clinical features include unexplained chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, accompanied by elevated serum ferritin and/or increased transferrin saturation. MRI shows iron deposition in the liver, liver biopsy reveals iron accumulation in hepatocytes, and genetic testing facilitate the diagnosis of this disease. Repeated phlebotomy is the first-line therapy for this condition. For those who cannot tolerate phlebotomy, iron chelation therapy may be used, and patients who progress to end-stage liver disease will require liver transplantation. To assist clinicians in making informed decisions on the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary hemochromatosis, the Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association has invited experts from clinical medicine, molecular genetics, pathology, imaging, and methodology to systematically summarize the advancement in this field and collaboratively develop the current guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142393787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231225-00299
Q Q Zhang, Y Chen, Y X Chen, L Yang
Ascites is the most prevalent complication of decompensated cirrhosis, and approximately 5%-10% of cirrhotic ascites will develop into refractory ascites (RA). With complicated pathogenesis, obscure treatment strategies and poor prognosis, it is still a challenge for physicians to manage RA properly. Tolvaptan (TLV) is a new type of non-peptide selective arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist targeting at suppressing renal water reabsorption, promoting free water excretion and raising blood sodium levels, which provides a new option for the treatment of RA in liver cirrhosis. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of TLV's effect and described its efficacy, safety and predictive factors of response in treating RA, intending to provide a supplement for clinical application of tolvaptan in the management of RA.
{"title":"[Update on Tolvaptan for the Treatment of Refractory Ascites in Liver Cirrhosis].","authors":"Q Q Zhang, Y Chen, Y X Chen, L Yang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231225-00299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231225-00299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ascites is the most prevalent complication of decompensated cirrhosis, and approximately 5%-10% of cirrhotic ascites will develop into refractory ascites (RA). With complicated pathogenesis, obscure treatment strategies and poor prognosis, it is still a challenge for physicians to manage RA properly. Tolvaptan (TLV) is a new type of non-peptide selective arginine vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist targeting at suppressing renal water reabsorption, promoting free water excretion and raising blood sodium levels, which provides a new option for the treatment of RA in liver cirrhosis. In this review, we summarized the mechanisms of TLV's effect and described its efficacy, safety and predictive factors of response in treating RA, intending to provide a supplement for clinical application of tolvaptan in the management of RA.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142126854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231030-00161
X Luo, S X Li, L Hai, S W Liu, X C Ding, X Y Liu, L N Ma
Objective: To analyze the blood differential metabolites of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics technology so as to find potential metabolic target. Method: Serum samples were collected from thirty patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and thirty healthy individuals after metabolomics analysis. The differential metabolites were initially screened based on the multiple differences and significance. KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the differential metabolites to determine the candidate targets. The potential clinical application value of these characteristic metabolites was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Result: A total of thirty patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and thirty healthy adults were included. The age difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The clinical condition was consistent with the statistically significant differences in liver biochemical indicators, blood routine, coagulation, and inflammatory indicators between the two groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, a blood metabolomics screening analysis revealed 99 differentially expressed metabolites associated with intrahepatic cholestasis. Of these, 15 showed statistically significant differences. Glucose, lipid, and energy metabolisms were the various primary types of differential metabolites involved. The receiver operating characteristic curve>0.9 included the following twelve kinds of metabolites: 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 6-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-acetamide, phenylalanyl tryptophan, 1-methylguanosine, 2-ethoxy-5-methylpyrazine, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole, methylthioadenosine, alanylisoleucine, anabsinthin, N-acetyl-DL-histidine monohydrate, N-methylnicotinamide, and others. The fifteen metabolites that were previously identified and calculated according to the differential quantitative value of the metabolite corresponding ratio exhibited fold-changes in the upregulated and downregulated potential biomarkers (phenylalanine tryptophan, phenylalanine, 5'-methylthioadenosine, anabsinthin, and N-methylnicotinamide) in combination with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve>0.9. Conclusion: Phenylalanyl tryptophan, phenylalanylalanine, 5'-methylthioadenosine, anabsinthin, and N-methylnicotinamide may serve as potential metabolic markers to distinguish patients with cholestasis from healthy controls. N-methylnicotinamide, among them, is of great importance as a potential marker.
{"title":"[Exploring potential serum metabolite markers of intrahepatic cholestasis based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics technology].","authors":"X Luo, S X Li, L Hai, S W Liu, X C Ding, X Y Liu, L N Ma","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231030-00161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20231030-00161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To analyze the blood differential metabolites of patients with intrahepatic cholestasis (IHC) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics technology so as to find potential metabolic target. <b>Method:</b> Serum samples were collected from thirty patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and thirty healthy individuals after metabolomics analysis. The differential metabolites were initially screened based on the multiple differences and significance. KEGG enrichment analysis was performed on the differential metabolites to determine the candidate targets. The potential clinical application value of these characteristic metabolites was analyzed using the receiver operating characteristic curve. <b>Result:</b> A total of thirty patients with intrahepatic cholestasis and thirty healthy adults were included. The age difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (<i>P</i>>0.05). The clinical condition was consistent with the statistically significant differences in liver biochemical indicators, blood routine, coagulation, and inflammatory indicators between the two groups (<i>P</i><0.05). Furthermore, a blood metabolomics screening analysis revealed 99 differentially expressed metabolites associated with intrahepatic cholestasis. Of these, 15 showed statistically significant differences. Glucose, lipid, and energy metabolisms were the various primary types of differential metabolites involved. The receiver operating characteristic curve>0.9 included the following twelve kinds of metabolites: 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde, 6-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-acetamide, phenylalanyl tryptophan, 1-methylguanosine, 2-ethoxy-5-methylpyrazine, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole, methylthioadenosine, alanylisoleucine, anabsinthin, N-acetyl-DL-histidine monohydrate, N-methylnicotinamide, and others. The fifteen metabolites that were previously identified and calculated according to the differential quantitative value of the metabolite corresponding ratio exhibited fold-changes in the upregulated and downregulated potential biomarkers (phenylalanine tryptophan, phenylalanine, 5'-methylthioadenosine, anabsinthin, and N-methylnicotinamide) in combination with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve>0.9. <b>Conclusion:</b> Phenylalanyl tryptophan, phenylalanylalanine, 5'-methylthioadenosine, anabsinthin, and N-methylnicotinamide may serve as potential metabolic markers to distinguish patients with cholestasis from healthy controls. N-methylnicotinamide, among them, is of great importance as a potential marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240321-00148
Z P Lin, X G Zou, X L Hu, D B Huang, Y Chen, X Q Li, J Zhang
{"title":"[A case of bronchobiliary fistula treated by percutaneous endobiliary fistula closure].","authors":"Z P Lin, X G Zou, X L Hu, D B Huang, Y Chen, X Q Li, J Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240321-00148","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240321-00148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240118-00036
T T He, X Li, M Gong
{"title":"[A case report of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse reactions predominantly manifests as tumor-type reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial hyperplasia].","authors":"T T He, X Li, M Gong","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240118-00036","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240118-00036","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240529-00273
D Chang, J Yang, Y B Li, X Y Zhou, S S Ju
Early-stage diagnosis of liver cancer is challenging, with an overall poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment of primary liver cancer is complex, exhibiting significant heterogeneity both interpersonally and intratumorally. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to dynamically analyze biological markers in the tumor microenvironment of primary liver cancer in vivo. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the imaging diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer with the development of molecular imaging. Molecular imaging techniques utilize specific nano-imaging probes to evaluate pathological changes of liver cancer at the molecular and cellular levels in real-time. These techniques enable precise imaging to reveal key molecular biomarkers involved in the occurrence and progression of liver cancer, exploring their associations with cancer progression and outcomes. This article focuses on molecular imaging, emphasizing the current research status and latest advancements in the field of liver cancer diagnosis and therapy using techniques such as CT, MRI, optical imaging, PET imaging, and multimodal imaging. It also identifies important future directions and significant challenges for further development.
{"title":"[Current status and new advancements in molecular imaging of liver cancer].","authors":"D Chang, J Yang, Y B Li, X Y Zhou, S S Ju","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240529-00273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240529-00273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-stage diagnosis of liver cancer is challenging, with an overall poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment of primary liver cancer is complex, exhibiting significant heterogeneity both interpersonally and intratumorally. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to dynamically analyze biological markers in the tumor microenvironment of primary liver cancer <i>in vivo</i>. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the imaging diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer with the development of molecular imaging. Molecular imaging techniques utilize specific nano-imaging probes to evaluate pathological changes of liver cancer at the molecular and cellular levels in real-time. These techniques enable precise imaging to reveal key molecular biomarkers involved in the occurrence and progression of liver cancer, exploring their associations with cancer progression and outcomes. This article focuses on molecular imaging, emphasizing the current research status and latest advancements in the field of liver cancer diagnosis and therapy using techniques such as CT, MRI, optical imaging, PET imaging, and multimodal imaging. It also identifies important future directions and significant challenges for further development.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240716-00326
The Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus, developed by the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association in 2019, serves as a valuable reference for standardizing the process of preventing mother-to-child transmission in China. As new evidence emerges, it is crucial that timely and regular updates are made to the clinical practice guidelines so that to optimize guidance for clinical practice and research. To this end, the Infectious Disease Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of Chinese Medical Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, have updated the guidelines based on the latest domestic and international research advancements and clinical practice, in order to provide guidance and reference for clinicians and maternal and child healthcare workers.
{"title":"[Chinese practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (version 2024)].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240716-00326","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20240716-00326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus, developed by the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of the Chinese Medical Association in 2019, serves as a valuable reference for standardizing the process of preventing mother-to-child transmission in China. As new evidence emerges, it is crucial that timely and regular updates are made to the clinical practice guidelines so that to optimize guidance for clinical practice and research. To this end, the Infectious Disease Physician Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association and the Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases of Chinese Medical Association, in collaboration with multidisciplinary experts, have updated the guidelines based on the latest domestic and international research advancements and clinical practice, in order to provide guidance and reference for clinicians and maternal and child healthcare workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":24006,"journal":{"name":"中华肝脏病杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142296912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}