Political parties have not been indifferent to the opportunities offered by the internet-based technologies. Today, political parties use the social media tools to communicate, organize and mobilize. However, few studies focus on the use of social media by the political parties and these studies analyze the use of social media in election campaigns. Therefore, in the relevant literature, there is a need for empirical studies to analyze the use of social media for political communication by political parties during nonelection periods. In this context, this study, using a metrics set, aims to analyze the engagement level and engagement type of the political parties with public in Turkey on Facebook as a social media tool in a non-election period. The findings of our analysis show that the engagement level of the political parties with public on Facebook in Turkey is low. Moreover, political parties in Turkey fail to communicate with the public in a bidirectional way on Facebook.
{"title":"Measuring the Engagement Level of Political Parties with Public on Facebook: The Case of Turkey","authors":"M. Z. Sobaci, I. Hatipoglu","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.15","url":null,"abstract":"Political parties have not been indifferent to the opportunities offered by the internet-based technologies. Today, political parties use the social media tools to communicate, organize and mobilize. However, few studies focus on the use of social media by the political parties and these studies analyze the use of social media in election campaigns. Therefore, in the relevant literature, there is a need for empirical studies to analyze the use of social media for political communication by political parties during nonelection periods. In this context, this study, using a metrics set, aims to analyze the engagement level and engagement type of the political parties with public in Turkey on Facebook as a social media tool in a non-election period. The findings of our analysis show that the engagement level of the political parties with public on Facebook in Turkey is low. Moreover, political parties in Turkey fail to communicate with the public in a bidirectional way on Facebook.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132184257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Schieferdecker, Nikolay Tcholtchev, Philipp Lämmel, R. Scholz, Evanela Lapi
Given that ICT is at the heart of today's Smart City approach, it is of paramount importance to investigate concepts, which would enable the unification, the common understanding and the replication of ICT architectures/solutions/models across multiple cities. This unified and replicable approach can be best achieved by a very abstract model, aiming to capture the taxonomy and high-level structure of complex integrative ICT solutions for Smart Cities. The approach should be based on the idea of openness with respect to interfaces, software components and especially data, which is to be seen as the main ingredient of an ICT eco-system for Smart Cities. This paper presents an Open Data based ICT Reference Architecture for Smart Cities, which is developed within the EU project Triangulum [1].
{"title":"Towards an Open Data Based ICT Reference Architecture for Smart Cities","authors":"I. Schieferdecker, Nikolay Tcholtchev, Philipp Lämmel, R. Scholz, Evanela Lapi","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.18","url":null,"abstract":"Given that ICT is at the heart of today's Smart City approach, it is of paramount importance to investigate concepts, which would enable the unification, the common understanding and the replication of ICT architectures/solutions/models across multiple cities. This unified and replicable approach can be best achieved by a very abstract model, aiming to capture the taxonomy and high-level structure of complex integrative ICT solutions for Smart Cities. The approach should be based on the idea of openness with respect to interfaces, software components and especially data, which is to be seen as the main ingredient of an ICT eco-system for Smart Cities. This paper presents an Open Data based ICT Reference Architecture for Smart Cities, which is developed within the EU project Triangulum [1].","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122726133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on the technological affordances and use of Rousseau, the decision-making platform of the second largest Italian political party, the Five Star Movement. Crossing an empirical observation of the platform's functionalities with data regarding its use and qualitative data collected during the 2016 National Meeting of the Five Star Movement, I argue that Rousseau supports an emerging "direct parliamentarianism," which allows party members to entertain a direct relationship with their elected representatives, at the expense, however, of deliberative processes that may allow them to influence the party's political line.
本文重点研究了意大利第二大政党五星运动党(Five Star Movement)的决策平台Rousseau的技术支持和使用。通过对平台功能的实证观察，以及在2016年五星运动全国会议期间收集的有关其使用的数据和定性数据，我认为卢梭支持一种新兴的“直接议会制”，这种议会制允许党员与他们选出的代表建立直接关系，但代价是牺牲可能允许他们影响党的政治路线的审议程序。
{"title":"Direct Parliamentarianism: An Analysis of the Political Values Embedded in Rousseau, the \"Operating System\" of the Five STAR Movement","authors":"Marco Deseriis","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.32","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the technological affordances and use of Rousseau, the decision-making platform of the second largest Italian political party, the Five Star Movement. Crossing an empirical observation of the platform's functionalities with data regarding its use and qualitative data collected during the 2016 National Meeting of the Five Star Movement, I argue that Rousseau supports an emerging \"direct parliamentarianism,\" which allows party members to entertain a direct relationship with their elected representatives, at the expense, however, of deliberative processes that may allow them to influence the party's political line.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"8 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120807110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the first time in the history of European data protection law, the use of visualizations and especially of icons is explicitly suggested as a way to improve the comprehensibility of the information about data handling practices provided to the data subjects, which plays a crucial role to obtain informed consent. Privacy icon sets have already been developed, but they differ in the kinds of information they depict and in the perspectives they embed. Moreover, they have not met widespread adoption, one reasons being that research has shown that possibility of misinterpretation of these symbols. Our research relies on legal Semantic Web technologies and principles drawn from legal design and Human Computer Interaction to propose visualizations of privacy policies and consent forms. The final aim is to enhance the communication of data practices to users and to support their decision about whether to give or withhold consent.
{"title":"A Visualization Approach for Adaptive Consent in the European Data Protection Framework","authors":"Arianna Rossi, M. Palmirani","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.23","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time in the history of European data protection law, the use of visualizations and especially of icons is explicitly suggested as a way to improve the comprehensibility of the information about data handling practices provided to the data subjects, which plays a crucial role to obtain informed consent. Privacy icon sets have already been developed, but they differ in the kinds of information they depict and in the perspectives they embed. Moreover, they have not met widespread adoption, one reasons being that research has shown that possibility of misinterpretation of these symbols. Our research relies on legal Semantic Web technologies and principles drawn from legal design and Human Computer Interaction to propose visualizations of privacy policies and consent forms. The final aim is to enhance the communication of data practices to users and to support their decision about whether to give or withhold consent.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122875288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Typically, smart city innovations are considered in the field of mobility, energy and built environment whereas the financial dimension is neglected or plays a rather marginal role. This paper goes beyond this classification and analyses explicitly the link between the smart city and electronic payments by looking into the two groups of cases – East Asian, comprised of Singapore and Hong Kong, and Northern European, comprised of Tallinn and Helsinki. The two regions with high level of urban digitalization were selected in order to analyse the level of electronic payments systems in these cities inspired by the research question: can the level of electronic payments be used as a proxy for smart cities? By presenting empirical analysis along these lines of research, the study further argues that incorporating financial services provision – particularly electronic payment systems – into existing concepts of smart city (e.g. proposed by Batty or Giffinger) would help to move from a rather abstract notions of smart economy and smart living towards more concrete technological and policy initiatives.
{"title":"Combined Model of Smart Cities and Electronic Payments","authors":"Ralf-Martin Soe, O. Mikheeva","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.11","url":null,"abstract":"Typically, smart city innovations are considered in the field of mobility, energy and built environment whereas the financial dimension is neglected or plays a rather marginal role. This paper goes beyond this classification and analyses explicitly the link between the smart city and electronic payments by looking into the two groups of cases – East Asian, comprised of Singapore and Hong Kong, and Northern European, comprised of Tallinn and Helsinki. The two regions with high level of urban digitalization were selected in order to analyse the level of electronic payments systems in these cities inspired by the research question: can the level of electronic payments be used as a proxy for smart cities? By presenting empirical analysis along these lines of research, the study further argues that incorporating financial services provision – particularly electronic payment systems – into existing concepts of smart city (e.g. proposed by Batty or Giffinger) would help to move from a rather abstract notions of smart economy and smart living towards more concrete technological and policy initiatives.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116828418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Greek Ministry of Justice, Transparency and Human Rights (MoJTHR) has committed itself through the country's third Open Government Partnership Action Plan to significantly improve access to court data and documents. To achieve this, while simultaneously streamlining operating processes, it has adopted a new Integrated Court Management System for Penal and Civil procedures (OSDDY/PP), the first such ICT system to be introduced in Greece. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used in an effort to explore judges' and court officials' intent to work with the OSDDY/PP ICT system, as well as any possible differences in the degree of acceptance between the two user groups. The research sample consisted of 101 judges (N=56) and court officials (N=45). The study presents the usage patterns for judges and court officials of current ICT in courts as well as the acceptance, degree of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user intent to work with the new OSDDY/PP system. The results also highlight the sample's perceived benefits and risks in using the new ICT system.
{"title":"Towards Open Justice: ICT Acceptance in the Greek Justice System the Case of the Integrated Court Management System for Penal and Civil Procedures (OSDDY/PP)","authors":"A. Deligiannis, D. Anagnostopoulos","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.26","url":null,"abstract":"The Greek Ministry of Justice, Transparency and Human Rights (MoJTHR) has committed itself through the country's third Open Government Partnership Action Plan to significantly improve access to court data and documents. To achieve this, while simultaneously streamlining operating processes, it has adopted a new Integrated Court Management System for Penal and Civil procedures (OSDDY/PP), the first such ICT system to be introduced in Greece. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was used in an effort to explore judges' and court officials' intent to work with the OSDDY/PP ICT system, as well as any possible differences in the degree of acceptance between the two user groups. The research sample consisted of 101 judges (N=56) and court officials (N=45). The study presents the usage patterns for judges and court officials of current ICT in courts as well as the acceptance, degree of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and user intent to work with the new OSDDY/PP system. The results also highlight the sample's perceived benefits and risks in using the new ICT system.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131277093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, monitoring of elections witnessed citizen participation in observing and reporting incidences through ubiquitous communication technologies to improve election integrity. Digitally enabled citizen observers complement long tradition of established observers to assess the quality of electoral contests. Using participatory rhombus conceptual model and its concept of invented and invited spaces [1], the paper examines the ability of the crowdmonitors to observe, generate and communicate voter education and mobilization activities via Magpi software application in the 2015 Tanzanian general elections. Generated big election data from citizens' observers were digitally mapped in the Uchaguzi Wetu 2015 crowdsourcing platform. However, international election observer reported that voter education activities were, not visible at all. In contrast, our analysis found voter education and mobilization of women, youth and people with disabilities to participate in the electoral process, conducted by electoral commission, civil society organizations and political parties were visible in rural, urban and metropolitan constituencies. Here it is argued that technology usage and invented space enhances crowdmonitoring or blended approach of online and offline instruments produce better observation results. This includes recognition of nonpartisan monitoring of electoral processes through digital participatory methods.
{"title":"Crowdmonitoring of Elections through ICT: The Case of Uchaguzi Wetu 2015 Crowdsourcing Platform in Tanzania","authors":"D. P. Shayo, Norbert Kersting","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.13","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, monitoring of elections witnessed citizen participation in observing and reporting incidences through ubiquitous communication technologies to improve election integrity. Digitally enabled citizen observers complement long tradition of established observers to assess the quality of electoral contests. Using participatory rhombus conceptual model and its concept of invented and invited spaces [1], the paper examines the ability of the crowdmonitors to observe, generate and communicate voter education and mobilization activities via Magpi software application in the 2015 Tanzanian general elections. Generated big election data from citizens' observers were digitally mapped in the Uchaguzi Wetu 2015 crowdsourcing platform. However, international election observer reported that voter education activities were, not visible at all. In contrast, our analysis found voter education and mobilization of women, youth and people with disabilities to participate in the electoral process, conducted by electoral commission, civil society organizations and political parties were visible in rural, urban and metropolitan constituencies. Here it is argued that technology usage and invented space enhances crowdmonitoring or blended approach of online and offline instruments produce better observation results. This includes recognition of nonpartisan monitoring of electoral processes through digital participatory methods.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133904494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) presented in global readiness and development rankings. Our primary focus centers on the study and comparison of national ICT legislation, as well as the use of social media in the last election campaigns of the countries of Mexico, Argentina and Venezuela. The paper reveals the common features of the legislations and the most relevant indicators, and discusses the tactics and behavior of political parties and their leaders in social media during the campaigns.
{"title":"Social Media in Mexico, Argentina and Venezuela: Legal and Political Framework","authors":"R. Bolgov, O. Filatova, Elizaveta Semenova","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.33","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) presented in global readiness and development rankings. Our primary focus centers on the study and comparison of national ICT legislation, as well as the use of social media in the last election campaigns of the countries of Mexico, Argentina and Venezuela. The paper reveals the common features of the legislations and the most relevant indicators, and discusses the tactics and behavior of political parties and their leaders in social media during the campaigns.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114855991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Participatory budgeting aims at finding an appropriate solution to meet the increasing demands of citizens worldwide for more transparency and political participation in financial affairs. Several thousand projects related to this topic have been conducted worldwide to date. In Germany, public participation rates in these projects were often below expectations of public administration and politics, rarely surpassing a one-digit percentage of eligible voters. This leads to the question, how can this public disinterest be explained? We conducted an interdisciplinary literature review and considered scientific journals, conferences, monographs and anthologies to identify barriers to accessibility and usage of German participatory budgeting. Our findings show a wide range of reasons that were assumed by scholars to be responsible for low participation rates in participatory budgeting. We developed five meta categories, which summarize the findings topically. Twenty barriers to participation were found. The results of our literature review provide a basis for further scientific examination and allow political and public administration decision-makers to develop measures appropriate to increase participation rates.
{"title":"Participatory Budgeting without Participants: Identifying Barriers on Accessibility and Usage of German Participatory Budgeting","authors":"Robert Zepic, Marcus M. Dapp, H. Krcmar","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.24","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory budgeting aims at finding an appropriate solution to meet the increasing demands of citizens worldwide for more transparency and political participation in financial affairs. Several thousand projects related to this topic have been conducted worldwide to date. In Germany, public participation rates in these projects were often below expectations of public administration and politics, rarely surpassing a one-digit percentage of eligible voters. This leads to the question, how can this public disinterest be explained? We conducted an interdisciplinary literature review and considered scientific journals, conferences, monographs and anthologies to identify barriers to accessibility and usage of German participatory budgeting. Our findings show a wide range of reasons that were assumed by scholars to be responsible for low participation rates in participatory budgeting. We developed five meta categories, which summarize the findings topically. Twenty barriers to participation were found. The results of our literature review provide a basis for further scientific examination and allow political and public administration decision-makers to develop measures appropriate to increase participation rates.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115512860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does digital activism call upon citizens to understand their own role within a democratic political system? We explore citizen activists' use of digital technologies for civic engagement purposes in the case of a particular burgerinitiatief (citizen initiative) in the Netherlands. A grassroots undertaking, Ons Geld (Our Money) sought to spread awareness on the shortcomings of the monetary system. Following years of dormant activity, it gained momentum in early 2015 and submitted a citizen initiative asking for the reform of the monetary system to the Dutch Parliament. Relying upon a website and social networking sites, Ons Geld engaged in a process of spreading awareness of and gathering signatures for its request to reform the monetary system. In this process, the use of digital technologies followed a broadcasting (one-to-many) model, calling upon individuals to understand their civic role as one of lending support for a cause. In this paper, we consider how the Ons Geld activists and the digital platforms they employed to mobilize support discursively construct subject positions for the citizens they seek to mobilize and engage. We propose that these subject positions are shaped not only by citizen activists' own visions, skills and resources or by technologicalaffordances, but also by the wider political context within which activism comes to take place.
{"title":"Digital Activism and the Civic Subject Position: A Study of the Ons Geld (Our Money) Citizen Initiative in the Netherlands","authors":"D. Dumitrica, Eline Achterberg","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.29","url":null,"abstract":"How does digital activism call upon citizens to understand their own role within a democratic political system? We explore citizen activists' use of digital technologies for civic engagement purposes in the case of a particular burgerinitiatief (citizen initiative) in the Netherlands. A grassroots undertaking, Ons Geld (Our Money) sought to spread awareness on the shortcomings of the monetary system. Following years of dormant activity, it gained momentum in early 2015 and submitted a citizen initiative asking for the reform of the monetary system to the Dutch Parliament. Relying upon a website and social networking sites, Ons Geld engaged in a process of spreading awareness of and gathering signatures for its request to reform the monetary system. In this process, the use of digital technologies followed a broadcasting (one-to-many) model, calling upon individuals to understand their civic role as one of lending support for a cause. In this paper, we consider how the Ons Geld activists and the digital platforms they employed to mobilize support discursively construct subject positions for the citizens they seek to mobilize and engage. We propose that these subject positions are shaped not only by citizen activists' own visions, skills and resources or by technologicalaffordances, but also by the wider political context within which activism comes to take place.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125727428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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