Smart Cities depend on data from numerous different sources to live up to their full potential. Adding personal data from private sources to a smart city's resources significantly increases this potential. Sustainable utilisation of such data must base on legal compliancy, ethical soundness, and consent of the providing data subjects. They have to be assured that their personal data will not be used for anything beyond the scope they agreed to, and that it will not suffer from any additional risk exposure. For this we propose a solution for self-determined data subjects (SDDS), which keeps the private and personal data at their decentralized, safe locations, without depriving the smart city from the information contained within. SDDS achieves this with strict compartmentalization of its different system elements, by exclusively storing non-mnemonic indices and IDs in a public ledger, and by sending mere analytical results, yet no original data across the network. Such a setup ensures the data subjects' privacy, grants the smart city access to a high number of new data sources, and simultaneously handles the user-consent to ensure compliance with data protection laws.
{"title":"Smart Cities of Self-Determined Data Subjects","authors":"J. Frecè, Thomas Selzam","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.16","url":null,"abstract":"Smart Cities depend on data from numerous different sources to live up to their full potential. Adding personal data from private sources to a smart city's resources significantly increases this potential. Sustainable utilisation of such data must base on legal compliancy, ethical soundness, and consent of the providing data subjects. They have to be assured that their personal data will not be used for anything beyond the scope they agreed to, and that it will not suffer from any additional risk exposure. For this we propose a solution for self-determined data subjects (SDDS), which keeps the private and personal data at their decentralized, safe locations, without depriving the smart city from the information contained within. SDDS achieves this with strict compartmentalization of its different system elements, by exclusively storing non-mnemonic indices and IDs in a public ledger, and by sending mere analytical results, yet no original data across the network. Such a setup ensures the data subjects' privacy, grants the smart city access to a high number of new data sources, and simultaneously handles the user-consent to ensure compliance with data protection laws.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131735187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maarja Toots, Keegan McBride, Tarmo Kalvet, R. Krimmer
Open data is being increasingly looked at as a major driver of public service innovation. Open access to datasets and advanced analytical tools are believed to generate valuable new knowledge that can be turned into data-driven services. At the same time, open data is also believed to spur open governance and enable the engagement of various stakeholders in the co-creation of services. Despite this appealing vision of open data-driven co-creation of public services, we are far from understanding how it can be realized in practice. We turned to 63 experts and practitioners in a survey covering six European countries and found a multitude of barriers that need to be overcome first. Luckily we also found some drivers. This paper provides some first insights into these drivers and barriers and proposes policy recommendations to foster a data-driven transformation of public service creation.
{"title":"Open Data as Enabler of Public Service Co-creation: Exploring the Drivers and Barriers","authors":"Maarja Toots, Keegan McBride, Tarmo Kalvet, R. Krimmer","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.12","url":null,"abstract":"Open data is being increasingly looked at as a major driver of public service innovation. Open access to datasets and advanced analytical tools are believed to generate valuable new knowledge that can be turned into data-driven services. At the same time, open data is also believed to spur open governance and enable the engagement of various stakeholders in the co-creation of services. Despite this appealing vision of open data-driven co-creation of public services, we are far from understanding how it can be realized in practice. We turned to 63 experts and practitioners in a survey covering six European countries and found a multitude of barriers that need to be overcome first. Luckily we also found some drivers. This paper provides some first insights into these drivers and barriers and proposes policy recommendations to foster a data-driven transformation of public service creation.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127238687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electronic records in public archives are increasingly in danger of being rendered inaccessible in light of the challenges posed by their hugely increased overall volume, coupled with the presence of sensitive content embedded within records which presently requires labor-intensive review for possible withholding. New advanced search technologies including in the form of machine learning promise to improve the review capabilities of public servants, for the purpose of protecting privacy as well as potentially accelerating access to archival record holdings in digital form. The emerging issue of how governments deal with the challenge to transparency posed by dark archives is a subject worthy of greater discussion in international open government and e-democracy forums.
{"title":"Dark Archives and Edemocracy: Strategies for Overcoming Access Barriers to the Public Record Archives of the Future","authors":"Jason R. Baron, Nathaniel Payne","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.27","url":null,"abstract":"Electronic records in public archives are increasingly in danger of being rendered inaccessible in light of the challenges posed by their hugely increased overall volume, coupled with the presence of sensitive content embedded within records which presently requires labor-intensive review for possible withholding. New advanced search technologies including in the form of machine learning promise to improve the review capabilities of public servants, for the purpose of protecting privacy as well as potentially accelerating access to archival record holdings in digital form. The emerging issue of how governments deal with the challenge to transparency posed by dark archives is a subject worthy of greater discussion in international open government and e-democracy forums.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126994875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An important pillar of Linked Open Government Data is to be able to mix datasets by using common ontologies in order to infer new knowledge. The open government datasets to be mashed-up by developers may be subject to distinct licenses, legal notices, terms of use, and applicable law and regulations from multiple jurisdictions. Within this complex ecosystem there is a need to create semi-automatic tools supported by an ontology to help technical reusers of Public Sector Information to utilize datasets according to their intended purpose and in compliance with the legal obligations that govern the rights to reuse the data. Unfortunately, some researchers may avoid considering all the legal frameworks that apply in the domain of Open Government Data and limit their investigation to only the area of licenses. To enable wider, compliant utilisation of mashed-up open data, we have analysed the European Union (EU) legal framework of reuse of Public Sector Information (PSI), the EU Database Directive and copyright framework and other legal sources (e.g., licenses, legal notices, terms of use) that can apply to open government Datasets. From this deep analysis we now model several major concepts in an Ontology of Open Government Data Licenses Framework for a Mash-up Model (OGDL4M). There have been earlier ontologies for creative commons or open licenses, but they did not anticipate the other legal constraints that arise from Open Government regulations. The OGDL4M ontology will be used for qualifying datasets in order to improve the accuracy of their legal annotation. The Ontology also aims to connect each applicable legal rule to official legal texts in order to direct legal experts and reusers to primary sources. This paper aims to present the modules of the OGDL4M ontology in depth and to describe some preliminary evaluation.
{"title":"Legal Ontology for Open Government Data Mashups","authors":"Martynas Mockus, M. Palmirani","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.25","url":null,"abstract":"An important pillar of Linked Open Government Data is to be able to mix datasets by using common ontologies in order to infer new knowledge. The open government datasets to be mashed-up by developers may be subject to distinct licenses, legal notices, terms of use, and applicable law and regulations from multiple jurisdictions. Within this complex ecosystem there is a need to create semi-automatic tools supported by an ontology to help technical reusers of Public Sector Information to utilize datasets according to their intended purpose and in compliance with the legal obligations that govern the rights to reuse the data. Unfortunately, some researchers may avoid considering all the legal frameworks that apply in the domain of Open Government Data and limit their investigation to only the area of licenses. To enable wider, compliant utilisation of mashed-up open data, we have analysed the European Union (EU) legal framework of reuse of Public Sector Information (PSI), the EU Database Directive and copyright framework and other legal sources (e.g., licenses, legal notices, terms of use) that can apply to open government Datasets. From this deep analysis we now model several major concepts in an Ontology of Open Government Data Licenses Framework for a Mash-up Model (OGDL4M). There have been earlier ontologies for creative commons or open licenses, but they did not anticipate the other legal constraints that arise from Open Government regulations. The OGDL4M ontology will be used for qualifying datasets in order to improve the accuracy of their legal annotation. The Ontology also aims to connect each applicable legal rule to official legal texts in order to direct legal experts and reusers to primary sources. This paper aims to present the modules of the OGDL4M ontology in depth and to describe some preliminary evaluation.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134553682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, Open Data has gained considerable attention: a steady growth in the number of openly published datasets – mainly by governments and public administrations - can be observed as the demand for Open Data rises. However, many potential providers are still hesitant to open their datasets and at the same time users often face difficulties when attempting to use this data in practice. This indicates that there are still various barriers present both regarding usage and publishing of Open Data, but studies that systematically collect and assess these barriers regarding their impact are rare. Based on this observation we survey prior literature on barriers, and have developed a questionnaire aimed at both assessing the users and publishers views on obstacles regarding Open Data adoption. Using a sample of over 100 participants from Austria who completed our online survey, we draw conclusions about the relative importance of the barriers reported in the literature. The empirical findings presented in this study shall serve as a solid foundation for future research on the mitigation of Open Data barriers.
{"title":"Open Data Hopes and Fears: Determining the Barriers of Open Data","authors":"Martin Beno, K. Figl, Jürgen Umbrich, A. Polleres","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.22","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Open Data has gained considerable attention: a steady growth in the number of openly published datasets – mainly by governments and public administrations - can be observed as the demand for Open Data rises. However, many potential providers are still hesitant to open their datasets and at the same time users often face difficulties when attempting to use this data in practice. This indicates that there are still various barriers present both regarding usage and publishing of Open Data, but studies that systematically collect and assess these barriers regarding their impact are rare. Based on this observation we survey prior literature on barriers, and have developed a questionnaire aimed at both assessing the users and publishers views on obstacles regarding Open Data adoption. Using a sample of over 100 participants from Austria who completed our online survey, we draw conclusions about the relative importance of the barriers reported in the literature. The empirical findings presented in this study shall serve as a solid foundation for future research on the mitigation of Open Data barriers.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133962954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Empowering citizens to make meaningful use of open data is a challenge somehow less central than others to public sector information disclosure policies. The latter are typically focused on promoting business innovations and economic activities in general (first goal) or increasing transparency in government and/or political inclusion (second goal). Based on the interim results of an ongoing EU funded project, which has run five independent Hackathons in as many European cities during the year 2016, we note that the time is ripe for establishing alternative ways of citizen integration in public service (re)design processes that may act as a sort of accelerators for some key, social and political, dynamics of change.
{"title":"Empowering Citizens with Open Data by Urban Hackathons","authors":"G. Concilio, F. Molinari, Nicola Morelli","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.28","url":null,"abstract":"Empowering citizens to make meaningful use of open data is a challenge somehow less central than others to public sector information disclosure policies. The latter are typically focused on promoting business innovations and economic activities in general (first goal) or increasing transparency in government and/or political inclusion (second goal). Based on the interim results of an ongoing EU funded project, which has run five independent Hackathons in as many European cities during the year 2016, we note that the time is ripe for establishing alternative ways of citizen integration in public service (re)design processes that may act as a sort of accelerators for some key, social and political, dynamics of change.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116640287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. V. Opijnen, M. Palmirani, F. Vitali, John Van Den Oever, T. Agnoloni
The European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) was established in 2010. It has been implemented by three European courts and (partly or in full) by twelve Member States, while eight Member States are preparing an implementation. During these implementations various issues concerning the format, metadata and the architecture of ECLI have surfaced, while in the meantime technological insights have progressed. To improve the accessibility of current and future case law repositories an ECLI 2.0 needs to be considered. Given the implementations realized, backwards compatibility is an absolute prerequisite. In this paper the various issues and possible solutions are discussed.
{"title":"Towards ECLI 2.0","authors":"M. V. Opijnen, M. Palmirani, F. Vitali, John Van Den Oever, T. Agnoloni","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.17","url":null,"abstract":"The European Case Law Identifier (ECLI) was established in 2010. It has been implemented by three European courts and (partly or in full) by twelve Member States, while eight Member States are preparing an implementation. During these implementations various issues concerning the format, metadata and the architecture of ECLI have surfaced, while in the meantime technological insights have progressed. To improve the accessibility of current and future case law repositories an ECLI 2.0 needs to be considered. Given the implementations realized, backwards compatibility is an absolute prerequisite. In this paper the various issues and possible solutions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130747454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. D. Donato, Delfina Malandrino, Giuseppina Palmieri, Andrea Petta, Donato Pirozzi, V. Scarano, Luigi Serra, Carmine Spagnuolo, Luca Vicidomini, G. Cordasco
This paper presents the DatalEt-Ecosystem Provider (DEEP), an extensible, and scalable Edge-centric architecture to visualize Open Data, retrieved in real time from institutional open data portals. The aim is to engage citizens and stakeholders through reusable, portable and interactive visualizations, named datalets. The DEEP architecture exploits the increasing computing power and capacity of end-users devices, moving the computation to process and visualize data, from the central server, directly to the client-side ensuring data trustiness, privacy, scalability and dynamic data loading. DEEP and its datalets have been fully exploited, in the ROUTE-TO-PA, HORIZON 2020 funded project, by five public administrations across Europe as pilot projects. The project engages and involves citizens in creating, sharing and commenting existing visualizations of Open Data. DEEP is open source, its source code is fully available on GitHub, thus every single component can be reused by other projects.
{"title":"Datalet-Ecosystem Provider (DEEP): Scalable Architecture for Reusable, Portable and User-Friendly Visualizations of Open Data","authors":"R. D. Donato, Delfina Malandrino, Giuseppina Palmieri, Andrea Petta, Donato Pirozzi, V. Scarano, Luigi Serra, Carmine Spagnuolo, Luca Vicidomini, G. Cordasco","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the DatalEt-Ecosystem Provider (DEEP), an extensible, and scalable Edge-centric architecture to visualize Open Data, retrieved in real time from institutional open data portals. The aim is to engage citizens and stakeholders through reusable, portable and interactive visualizations, named datalets. The DEEP architecture exploits the increasing computing power and capacity of end-users devices, moving the computation to process and visualize data, from the central server, directly to the client-side ensuring data trustiness, privacy, scalability and dynamic data loading. DEEP and its datalets have been fully exploited, in the ROUTE-TO-PA, HORIZON 2020 funded project, by five public administrations across Europe as pilot projects. The project engages and involves citizens in creating, sharing and commenting existing visualizations of Open Data. DEEP is open source, its source code is fully available on GitHub, thus every single component can be reused by other projects.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131183407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Citizen participation is booming, especially the number of urban bottom-up initiatives where information and communication technologies (ICT) are deployed is increasing rapidly. This growth is good news for society as recent historical research shows that the more citizens actively and persistently interfere with public issues, the more likely a society will be resilient. And yet, at the same time, a growing number of scholars argue that due to the unprecedented impact of ICT, the public sphere is at stake. How to understand both trends? How do the anti-'public sphere' developments relate to the growing number of citizens' initiatives using ICT? And if these citizen initiatives can indeed be understood as manifestations of public spheres, how can ICT foster or hinder the development of these public spheres? These questions will be explored by analyzing a Dutch citizen initiative called 'Buuv' (an online 'market' place for and by local residents) from a 'public sphere' perspective. The author will turn to 'The human condition' (1958) of Hannah Arendt in order to elaborate a 'public sphere' perspective. An Arendtian perspective (as any perspective) highlights, however, some aspects and underexposes other aspects. Furthermore, chances are that Arendt's thoughts are somewhat outdated, in the sense that we now live in a world where the online and the offline life intertwine — an experience that is referred to with the term 'onlife'. Bearing these remarks in mind, the author will elaborate on the value of Arendt's ideas to 1) the endeavor of understanding current trends in society—more urban bottom-up initiatives and anti-'public sphere' developments due to the broad uptake of ICT—and 2) the endeavor of revitalizing the public sphere in an onlife world.
{"title":"Citizens' Initiatives in an Onlife World: Designing for the Revitalisation of the Public Sphere","authors":"H. Joosten","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.20","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen participation is booming, especially the number of urban bottom-up initiatives where information and communication technologies (ICT) are deployed is increasing rapidly. This growth is good news for society as recent historical research shows that the more citizens actively and persistently interfere with public issues, the more likely a society will be resilient. And yet, at the same time, a growing number of scholars argue that due to the unprecedented impact of ICT, the public sphere is at stake. How to understand both trends? How do the anti-'public sphere' developments relate to the growing number of citizens' initiatives using ICT? And if these citizen initiatives can indeed be understood as manifestations of public spheres, how can ICT foster or hinder the development of these public spheres? These questions will be explored by analyzing a Dutch citizen initiative called 'Buuv' (an online 'market' place for and by local residents) from a 'public sphere' perspective. The author will turn to 'The human condition' (1958) of Hannah Arendt in order to elaborate a 'public sphere' perspective. An Arendtian perspective (as any perspective) highlights, however, some aspects and underexposes other aspects. Furthermore, chances are that Arendt's thoughts are somewhat outdated, in the sense that we now live in a world where the online and the offline life intertwine — an experience that is referred to with the term 'onlife'. Bearing these remarks in mind, the author will elaborate on the value of Arendt's ideas to 1) the endeavor of understanding current trends in society—more urban bottom-up initiatives and anti-'public sphere' developments due to the broad uptake of ICT—and 2) the endeavor of revitalizing the public sphere in an onlife world.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129524227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strategies and policies to bridge identified and potential digital divides is a core challenge when forming an inclusive and participatory digital democracy and society. In line with the progress and development of digital technologies and applications governments have to address digital divides. This project discusses how social and digital divides have been addressed in a project called "The Digital media bus in Östergötland". This project builds on the library buses that have has been running in the region for long a long time. The libraries in Sweden also have to address digital inclusion and implement strategies towards increased use of and knowledge about information technologies. This analysis builds on an action research approach. The analyse here are focusing on the implementation, project management and how the project has addressed digital inclusion. Finally, we end up discussing the diversity of digital inclusion, elaborating on the meanings of digital divides and digital diversity.
{"title":"Bridging Digital Divides through Digital Media Buses: An Action Research Study on Digital Inclusion in Sweden","authors":"E. Wihlborg, J. Engstrom","doi":"10.1109/CeDEM.2017.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CeDEM.2017.30","url":null,"abstract":"Strategies and policies to bridge identified and potential digital divides is a core challenge when forming an inclusive and participatory digital democracy and society. In line with the progress and development of digital technologies and applications governments have to address digital divides. This project discusses how social and digital divides have been addressed in a project called \"The Digital media bus in Östergötland\". This project builds on the library buses that have has been running in the region for long a long time. The libraries in Sweden also have to address digital inclusion and implement strategies towards increased use of and knowledge about information technologies. This analysis builds on an action research approach. The analyse here are focusing on the implementation, project management and how the project has addressed digital inclusion. Finally, we end up discussing the diversity of digital inclusion, elaborating on the meanings of digital divides and digital diversity.","PeriodicalId":240391,"journal":{"name":"2017 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114833095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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