Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154815
Bei Zhang, Suejit Pechprasarn, M. Somekh
We have been actively developing surface plasmon (SP) microscopy as a technique which has great potential for measuring localized changes in refractive index. We have used various interference techniques1 to demonstrate the potential of the method as have other researchers2. The so called V(z) response gives an indication properties of the SPs generated on the sample.
{"title":"Confocal surface plasmon resonance microscopy with pupil function engineering","authors":"Bei Zhang, Suejit Pechprasarn, M. Somekh","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154815","url":null,"abstract":"We have been actively developing surface plasmon (SP) microscopy as a technique which has great potential for measuring localized changes in refractive index. We have used various interference techniques1 to demonstrate the potential of the method as have other researchers2. The so called V(z) response gives an indication properties of the SPs generated on the sample.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115562954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154828
A. Chiou
Viscoelastic properties of a myriad of biological cells and bio-fluids are strongly correlated to their physiological functions; a change in their viscoelastic properties, even at a very small fraction on the order of a few percents, is often concomitant with related diseases. A classical example is the red blood cells (RBCs) whose deformability is critical to their oxgen-carrying and delivery function through veins and arteries. In the case of biological fluids, the viscosity of blood is closely related to cerebral vascular disease and coronary artery disease, and the liquefaction of vitreous humor can lead to retinal detachment. The relation of viscoelastic alterations of cerebral-spinal fluid and hydrocephalus has also been reported. Accurate measurement of the viscoelastic properties of biological samples at either single cell resolution (for the case of biological cells) or with sample volume on the order of micro-liter (for the case of biological fluids) may hence shed light on clinically-relevant mechano-biology at the molecular lever. From the practical point of view, the requirement of only a very small amount of sample is particularly important since many biological fluids such as synovial fluid and vitreous humor are available only in limited amount. Optical-Tweezers Based Micro-Rheology has emerged in recent years as one of the critical techniques capable of fulfilling the needs elucidated above.
{"title":"Optical Tweezers Based Bio-Microrheology","authors":"A. Chiou","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154828","url":null,"abstract":"Viscoelastic properties of a myriad of biological cells and bio-fluids are strongly correlated to their physiological functions; a change in their viscoelastic properties, even at a very small fraction on the order of a few percents, is often concomitant with related diseases. A classical example is the red blood cells (RBCs) whose deformability is critical to their oxgen-carrying and delivery function through veins and arteries. In the case of biological fluids, the viscosity of blood is closely related to cerebral vascular disease and coronary artery disease, and the liquefaction of vitreous humor can lead to retinal detachment. The relation of viscoelastic alterations of cerebral-spinal fluid and hydrocephalus has also been reported. Accurate measurement of the viscoelastic properties of biological samples at either single cell resolution (for the case of biological cells) or with sample volume on the order of micro-liter (for the case of biological fluids) may hence shed light on clinically-relevant mechano-biology at the molecular lever. From the practical point of view, the requirement of only a very small amount of sample is particularly important since many biological fluids such as synovial fluid and vitreous humor are available only in limited amount. Optical-Tweezers Based Micro-Rheology has emerged in recent years as one of the critical techniques capable of fulfilling the needs elucidated above.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126490737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154822
Richard J. Smith, R. Light, Nicholas S. Johnston, Jing Wang, P. O'shea, M. Somekh
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia affecting over 830,000 people in the UK. There is currently no cure, but there are treatments available that can slow down the progression of the disease and so developing a method for early diagnosis is very desirable.
{"title":"Development of a robust wide field surface plasmon instrument as part of a platform for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis","authors":"Richard J. Smith, R. Light, Nicholas S. Johnston, Jing Wang, P. O'shea, M. Somekh","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154822","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia affecting over 830,000 people in the UK. There is currently no cure, but there are treatments available that can slow down the progression of the disease and so developing a method for early diagnosis is very desirable.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114908180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154839
Shiguo Sun, Fusheng Li
Being a relatively new class of host molecule, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8], Scheme 1) has been studied extensively and used in many areas such as molecular machine, molecular switches and molecular wires etc[1–3]. While, acridine orange (AO)[4] is capable of cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively, so it is widely used for cell staining, DNA intercalator, cell cycle determination and transmembrane pH-gradient probe etc. Reassembly of the host-guest complex between AO and CB[8] with DNA/RNA has been studied and employed to fluorescent detect DNA/RNA. The dye is observed to leave the cavity of CB[8] and reassemble (bind) with DNA/RNA immediately, accompanying a strong fluorescence increasing effect, the fluorescence intensities are linearly proportional to the amount of DNA/RNA added, the sensitivity can be improved because the background signals of AO can be significantly decreased due to the dimeric dye formed in CB[8] cavity.[5] When AO is replaced by another dye pyronine Y (PYY), no efficient response can be observed on RNA, which can be used to distinguish DNA from RNA. Not much difference can be observed on fluorescence ratio image of Hela cells for the tricyclic basic dyes before and after including of CB[8], demonstrating a potential application of this method, which can be employed as a convenient and efficient way, to solve autofluorescence problem of the tricyclic basic dyes instead of normally complicated organic synthesis.
葫芦[8]uril (CB[8]， Scheme 1)是一类较新的寄主分子，在分子机器、分子开关、分子导线等领域得到了广泛的研究和应用[1 - 3]。而吖啶橙(AO)[4]具有细胞渗透性，可分别通过插层或静电吸引与DNA和RNA相互作用，因此广泛用于细胞染色、DNA插层、细胞周期测定和跨膜ph梯度探针等。研究了AO和CB[8]之间的主客体复合物与DNA/RNA的重组，并将其用于荧光检测DNA/RNA。观察到染料离开CB[8]腔体后立即与DNA/RNA重新组装(结合)，并伴有较强的荧光增强效应，荧光强度与DNA/RNA的加入量成线性正比，由于CB[8]腔体中形成的二聚体染料可显著降低AO的背景信号，从而提高灵敏度[5]。当AO被另一种染料pyronine Y (PYY)取代时，在RNA上没有观察到有效的反应，这可以用来区分DNA和RNA。加入CB前后三环碱性染料的Hela细胞荧光比图像差异不大[8]，表明该方法具有潜在的应用价值，可作为一种简便高效的方法，解决三环碱性染料的自身荧光问题，而不是通常复杂的有机合成。
{"title":"Cell image based on reassembly of the host-guest complex of CB[8]","authors":"Shiguo Sun, Fusheng Li","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154839","url":null,"abstract":"Being a relatively new class of host molecule, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8], Scheme 1) has been studied extensively and used in many areas such as molecular machine, molecular switches and molecular wires etc[1–3]. While, acridine orange (AO)[4] is capable of cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively, so it is widely used for cell staining, DNA intercalator, cell cycle determination and transmembrane pH-gradient probe etc. Reassembly of the host-guest complex between AO and CB[8] with DNA/RNA has been studied and employed to fluorescent detect DNA/RNA. The dye is observed to leave the cavity of CB[8] and reassemble (bind) with DNA/RNA immediately, accompanying a strong fluorescence increasing effect, the fluorescence intensities are linearly proportional to the amount of DNA/RNA added, the sensitivity can be improved because the background signals of AO can be significantly decreased due to the dimeric dye formed in CB[8] cavity.[5] When AO is replaced by another dye pyronine Y (PYY), no efficient response can be observed on RNA, which can be used to distinguish DNA from RNA. Not much difference can be observed on fluorescence ratio image of Hela cells for the tricyclic basic dyes before and after including of CB[8], demonstrating a potential application of this method, which can be employed as a convenient and efficient way, to solve autofluorescence problem of the tricyclic basic dyes instead of normally complicated organic synthesis.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125116419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154843
Zhigang Yang, Jiangli Fan, Xiaojun Peng
Intracellular viscosity strongly influences transportation of mass and signal, interactions between the biomacromolecules, and diffusion of reactive metabolites in live cells such as ROS and RNS. Intracellular viscosity changes relate to a number of diseases and pathologies. So it is meaningful to investigate the microviscosity at cellular level. Fluorescent molecular rotors are recently developed sensors used to determine the environmental viscosity. Due to the complexity of live cells, it is important to carry out the viscosity determinations in multimode for high reliability and accuracy. The first molecular rotor (RY) capable of dual mode fluorescence imaging (ratiometry imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging) of intracellular viscosity is reported.[1]
{"title":"Fluorescence ratiometry and fluorescence lifetime (FLIM) imaging: Dual mode imaging cellular viscosity by a single molecular rotor","authors":"Zhigang Yang, Jiangli Fan, Xiaojun Peng","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154843","url":null,"abstract":"Intracellular viscosity strongly influences transportation of mass and signal, interactions between the biomacromolecules, and diffusion of reactive metabolites in live cells such as ROS and RNS. Intracellular viscosity changes relate to a number of diseases and pathologies. So it is meaningful to investigate the microviscosity at cellular level. Fluorescent molecular rotors are recently developed sensors used to determine the environmental viscosity. Due to the complexity of live cells, it is important to carry out the viscosity determinations in multimode for high reliability and accuracy. The first molecular rotor (RY) capable of dual mode fluorescence imaging (ratiometry imaging and fluorescence lifetime imaging) of intracellular viscosity is reported.[1]","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131108714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154816
F. Kao
In the last decade, super-resolution techniques, including stimulated emission depletion (STED), structured illumination, and localization scheme, have revolutionized optical microscopy and related applications. The spatial resolution has now achieved a few tens of nanometers, greatly surpassing the Abbe's diffraction limit and allowing unprecedented imaging of novel structures in life sciences.
{"title":"Coming opportunities for nonlinear optical microscopy - with focus on molecular dynamics imaging","authors":"F. Kao","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154816","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, super-resolution techniques, including stimulated emission depletion (STED), structured illumination, and localization scheme, have revolutionized optical microscopy and related applications. The spatial resolution has now achieved a few tens of nanometers, greatly surpassing the Abbe's diffraction limit and allowing unprecedented imaging of novel structures in life sciences.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122845866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154834
Yaping Zhang
A series of Silicon on Insulator (SOI) photonic wire based evanescent field multi-channelled biosensor array “Lab on a Chip” device configurations and designs are presented, which are based on the author's biosensor patent granted in the UK. This work employs the most advanced chip design, fabrication and characterisation technologies developed from the telecom applications. The chip design capitalises on the most sensitive detection method, i.e. the evanescence field and interferometry technology, and implements the multi-mode interferometer (MMI) technology to integrate the multi-channelled biosensor arrays onto a single chip. This design enables the label-free, time domain real time parallel detection and identification of various analytes and molecular interactions in one or more test samples at extremely low concentrations, with extraordinarily high accuracy and sensitivity of detection simultaneously and instantaneously. For example, the limit of detection of low concentrations of molecules at or even below 1×10−12 M can be achieved. This corresponds to an effective refractive index resolution at a magnitude of 10−8 or better. The devices are robust, all-optical, highly scalable, energy efficient dynamic sensing devices. Individual sensor can be addressed separately if wish, and with built-in internal reference channels integrated on chip. Sensing and reference channels can be grouped in an array to allow maximum flexibility in measuring individual analytes in a sample or a number of samples simultaneously and instantaneously. This research and development work could potentially open the door to the next generation of low-cost mass production evanescent field multi-channelled biosensor array “Lab on a Chip” instrumentation development for various application fields, and provide a novel way forward towards revolutionising modern analytical technology.
{"title":"Silicon on Insulator photonic wire based evanescent field multi-channelled biosensor array “Lab on a Chip” devices","authors":"Yaping Zhang","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154834","url":null,"abstract":"A series of Silicon on Insulator (SOI) photonic wire based evanescent field multi-channelled biosensor array “Lab on a Chip” device configurations and designs are presented, which are based on the author's biosensor patent granted in the UK. This work employs the most advanced chip design, fabrication and characterisation technologies developed from the telecom applications. The chip design capitalises on the most sensitive detection method, i.e. the evanescence field and interferometry technology, and implements the multi-mode interferometer (MMI) technology to integrate the multi-channelled biosensor arrays onto a single chip. This design enables the label-free, time domain real time parallel detection and identification of various analytes and molecular interactions in one or more test samples at extremely low concentrations, with extraordinarily high accuracy and sensitivity of detection simultaneously and instantaneously. For example, the limit of detection of low concentrations of molecules at or even below 1×10−12 M can be achieved. This corresponds to an effective refractive index resolution at a magnitude of 10−8 or better. The devices are robust, all-optical, highly scalable, energy efficient dynamic sensing devices. Individual sensor can be addressed separately if wish, and with built-in internal reference channels integrated on chip. Sensing and reference channels can be grouped in an array to allow maximum flexibility in measuring individual analytes in a sample or a number of samples simultaneously and instantaneously. This research and development work could potentially open the door to the next generation of low-cost mass production evanescent field multi-channelled biosensor array “Lab on a Chip” instrumentation development for various application fields, and provide a novel way forward towards revolutionising modern analytical technology.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116095006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154814
Baoli Yao, Shaohui Yan, M. Lei, Fei Peng, Baiheng Ma, Tong Ye
Recent development of cylindrical vector beams prompts its application in optical trapping, which shows more effective and improved trapping efficiency in contrast to the traditional Gaussian beam of spatially homogeneous polarization. Using the T-matrix method and vectorial diffraction theory, we calculated and compared the radiation forces exerted on dielectric particles respectively by the linearly polarized, radially polarized and azimuthally polarized beams. Theoretical calculations show that the radially polarized beam can improve the axial trapping efficiency of high-refractive-index larger particles by reducing the scattering force due to the vanishing axial component of Poynting vector near the focus, while the azimuthally polarized beam can not only steadily trap low-refractive-index small particles at the focus center but also can trap multiple high-refractive-index particles around the focus center in virtue of the hollow-ring configuration. The dependences of the trapping efficiencies on the beam parameters, particle size and the numerical aperture of objective lens are discussed. The performances of optical trapping, manipulating and sorting of biological cells, organelles and various micro-particles are demonstrated.
{"title":"Optical trapping with cylindrical vector beams","authors":"Baoli Yao, Shaohui Yan, M. Lei, Fei Peng, Baiheng Ma, Tong Ye","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154814","url":null,"abstract":"Recent development of cylindrical vector beams prompts its application in optical trapping, which shows more effective and improved trapping efficiency in contrast to the traditional Gaussian beam of spatially homogeneous polarization. Using the T-matrix method and vectorial diffraction theory, we calculated and compared the radiation forces exerted on dielectric particles respectively by the linearly polarized, radially polarized and azimuthally polarized beams. Theoretical calculations show that the radially polarized beam can improve the axial trapping efficiency of high-refractive-index larger particles by reducing the scattering force due to the vanishing axial component of Poynting vector near the focus, while the azimuthally polarized beam can not only steadily trap low-refractive-index small particles at the focus center but also can trap multiple high-refractive-index particles around the focus center in virtue of the hollow-ring configuration. The dependences of the trapping efficiencies on the beam parameters, particle size and the numerical aperture of objective lens are discussed. The performances of optical trapping, manipulating and sorting of biological cells, organelles and various micro-particles are demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"747 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116098851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154845
Noah A. Russell, Alex D. Johnstone, M. Alexander
Understanding the long-term behaviour of cells is of considerable significance for cell biologists. This requires that the physicochemical environment is stable, which is difficult to achieve in conventional tissue culture incubators. Microfluidics devices can potentially provide a stable, highly controllable, environment.
{"title":"Long-term imaging of fibroblasts in a microfluidic device","authors":"Noah A. Russell, Alex D. Johnstone, M. Alexander","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154845","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the long-term behaviour of cells is of considerable significance for cell biologists. This requires that the physicochemical environment is stable, which is difficult to achieve in conventional tissue culture incubators. Microfluidics devices can potentially provide a stable, highly controllable, environment.","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"562 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133580172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-01DOI: 10.1109/FOI.2011.6154818
K. Vere, J. Richens, M. Somekh, N. Bajaj, K. Morgan, P. O'shea
The impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is projected to become one of the major challenges to modern society: over the next few years the incidence of AD will reach 1 million people in the UK alone with an estimated annual economic cost of £30 billion. Unfortunately, the existing diagnostic procedures are inadequate for early disease detection and do not always differentiate AD from other dementias. In addition, they are time consuming, expensive and of limited availability outside specialist centres. Definitive AD diagnosis is still only available post-mortem and the development of enhanced diagnostic strategies are, therefore, highly desirable. We have identified a panel of AD biomarkers incorporating proteins whose diagnostic power arises from their interrelated patterns and we are developing an instrument for point-of-care diagnostic tests that can be used in clinical settings (community medical centres and hospitals) as a screening tool for these markers. Availability of a reliable biomarker test for AD would increase the accuracy of disease diagnosis, aid earlier disease detection including automation for community screening and allow for improved treatment targeting. Whilst no cure for AD is currently available, earlier, more accurate and cost-effective detection of AD will be an important component for facilitating development and implementation of newer, disease modifying therapies (amyloid vaccines). Our approach would also allow expensive resources, particularly emerging state-of-the-art imaging technologies, to be more effectively utilised
{"title":"Plasmonic-array-based biosensors for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"K. Vere, J. Richens, M. Somekh, N. Bajaj, K. Morgan, P. O'shea","doi":"10.1109/FOI.2011.6154818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FOI.2011.6154818","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is projected to become one of the major challenges to modern society: over the next few years the incidence of AD will reach 1 million people in the UK alone with an estimated annual economic cost of £30 billion. Unfortunately, the existing diagnostic procedures are inadequate for early disease detection and do not always differentiate AD from other dementias. In addition, they are time consuming, expensive and of limited availability outside specialist centres. Definitive AD diagnosis is still only available post-mortem and the development of enhanced diagnostic strategies are, therefore, highly desirable. We have identified a panel of AD biomarkers incorporating proteins whose diagnostic power arises from their interrelated patterns and we are developing an instrument for point-of-care diagnostic tests that can be used in clinical settings (community medical centres and hospitals) as a screening tool for these markers. Availability of a reliable biomarker test for AD would increase the accuracy of disease diagnosis, aid earlier disease detection including automation for community screening and allow for improved treatment targeting. Whilst no cure for AD is currently available, earlier, more accurate and cost-effective detection of AD will be an important component for facilitating development and implementation of newer, disease modifying therapies (amyloid vaccines). Our approach would also allow expensive resources, particularly emerging state-of-the-art imaging technologies, to be more effectively utilised","PeriodicalId":240419,"journal":{"name":"2011 Functional Optical Imaging","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122766221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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