Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease with a large number of acute and chronic complications, among which diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most frequent and severe, especially in children and adolescents with type 1 DM. Oxidative stress (OS) is a pathological condition that develops due to an imbalance between free radicals formation and inefficiency of the antioxidant system. OS is a strong risk factor for the development of numerous diabetic complications. Recently OS has been considered as an important component of DKA, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which have not yet been fully elucidated. This paper describes hypotheses according to which OS not only triggers and exacerbates manifestations of DKA, but itself represents a severe consequence of DKA, leading to the progression of numerous micro- and macroscopic diabetic complications. The formation of glycation end products, activation of protein kinase C, polyol and hexosamine pathways are considered among the key pathophysiologic mechanisms of OS development in DKA. Achieving a better understanding of OS pathogenesis in DKA will optimize the diagnosis of OS and approaches to DKA correction through timely prescription of antioxidants.
糖尿病（DM）是一种常见的内分泌疾病，具有大量急性和慢性并发症，其中糖尿病酮症酸中毒（DKA）最为常见和严重，尤其是在患有 1 型糖尿病的儿童和青少年中。氧化应激（Oxidative stress，OS）是一种病理状态，是由于自由基的形成和抗氧化系统的低效之间的不平衡造成的。氧化应激是导致多种糖尿病并发症的重要风险因素。最近，OS 被认为是 DKA 的一个重要组成部分，其病理生理机制尚未完全阐明。本文提出的假设认为，OS 不仅会诱发和加重 DKA 的表现，其本身也是 DKA 的严重后果，会导致多种微观和宏观糖尿病并发症的发展。糖化终产物的形成、蛋白激酶 C 的激活、多元醇和己胺途径被认为是 DKA 中 OS 发生的主要病理生理机制。如果能更好地了解 DKA 中 OS 的发病机制，就能优化 OS 的诊断，并通过及时处方抗氧化剂来纠正 DKA。
{"title":"Diabetic ketoacidosis and oxidative stress: pathophysiological mechanisms","authors":"Yu. V. Bykov","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230601","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrine disease with a large number of acute and chronic complications, among which diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most frequent and severe, especially in children and adolescents with type 1 DM. Oxidative stress (OS) is a pathological condition that develops due to an imbalance between free radicals formation and inefficiency of the antioxidant system. OS is a strong risk factor for the development of numerous diabetic complications. Recently OS has been considered as an important component of DKA, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which have not yet been fully elucidated. This paper describes hypotheses according to which OS not only triggers and exacerbates manifestations of DKA, but itself represents a severe consequence of DKA, leading to the progression of numerous micro- and macroscopic diabetic complications. The formation of glycation end products, activation of protein kinase C, polyol and hexosamine pathways are considered among the key pathophysiologic mechanisms of OS development in DKA. Achieving a better understanding of OS pathogenesis in DKA will optimize the diagnosis of OS and approaches to DKA correction through timely prescription of antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Lesnaya, M. Darenskaya, N. Semenova, L. Kolesnikova
The literature review examines the problem of obesity in modern society. It has been shown that obesity aggravates concomitant diseases, increases the probability of developing metabolic disorders and related pathologies, increases the risk of complications and mortality. The secretory function of adipose tissue, its participation in the regulation of biological processes is considered in detail. The concept of carbonyl stress and its components is revealed, the role of carbonyl compounds in the body is described, the metabolic pathways leading to the formation of carbonyl reaction products are shown, the participation of free radicals in these metabolic pathways is noted. The mechanisms of pathogenesis associated with the development of carbonyl stress in obesity are discussed; the greatest contribution to the development of car bonyl pathology in obesity is made by two types of processes: lipid peroxidation reactions resulting in the formation of carbonyl products of lipoperoxidation and the processes activated by hyperglycemia (glycolysis, polyol and hexоzamine pathways) leading to the formation of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and active carbonyl forms of glucose. The question of the contribution of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOРР) to the development of carbonyl pathology in obesity remains controversial. It is assumed that AGEs and AOРР levels depend on the severity of obesity and the development of metabolic syndrome.
{"title":"A new aspect of metabolic disorders in obesity: carbonyl stress","authors":"A. Lesnaya, M. Darenskaya, N. Semenova, L. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230603","url":null,"abstract":"The literature review examines the problem of obesity in modern society. It has been shown that obesity aggravates concomitant diseases, increases the probability of developing metabolic disorders and related pathologies, increases the risk of complications and mortality. The secretory function of adipose tissue, its participation in the regulation of biological processes is considered in detail. The concept of carbonyl stress and its components is revealed, the role of carbonyl compounds in the body is described, the metabolic pathways leading to the formation of carbonyl reaction products are shown, the participation of free radicals in these metabolic pathways is noted. The mechanisms of pathogenesis associated with the development of carbonyl stress in obesity are discussed; the greatest contribution to the development of car bonyl pathology in obesity is made by two types of processes: lipid peroxidation reactions resulting in the formation of carbonyl products of lipoperoxidation and the processes activated by hyperglycemia (glycolysis, polyol and hexоzamine pathways) leading to the formation of glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and active carbonyl forms of glucose. The question of the contribution of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOРР) to the development of carbonyl pathology in obesity remains controversial. It is assumed that AGEs and AOРР levels depend on the severity of obesity and the development of metabolic syndrome.","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date, more than 200 species of mycobacteria have been identified, in addition to the well-known Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among microorganisms belonging to the genus Mycobacterium, there are obligate pathogenic, opportunistic and saprophytic strains. The incidence of non-tuberculous or atypical mycobacteria, which cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals, is steadily increasing. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly recognized as a source of healthcare-associated infections.Aim of the study was to analyze the literature on current methods of microbiological diagnosis of mycobacterial infections.Material and methods. A search and analysis of scientific literature in the Web of Science, PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Europe PMC databases was performed using the following key words: mycobacteriosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacterial infections, MALDITOF MS, atypical mycobacteria. Results and discussion. The review summarizes and presents the classification, morphological, cultural, genetic and ecological features of mycobacterial strains. Modern approaches in the diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases and identification of pathogens are analyzed; their advantages and disadvantages are indicated.Conclusions. Mycobacterial infections are often considered as diseases associated with the provision of medical care, requiring a detailed assessment of the situation with the definition of criteria for microbiological monitoring of objects of a medical organization, etc. The analyzed literature data demonstrate a variety of methods for laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial infections with the need for further improvement of methodological approaches.
迄今为止，除了众所周知的麻风分枝杆菌和结核分枝杆菌外，还发现了 200 多种分枝杆菌。在属于分枝杆菌属的微生物中，有必须致病的菌株、机会致病的菌株和溶菌性菌株。非结核分枝杆菌或非典型分枝杆菌可导致人类和动物的机会性感染，其发病率正在稳步上升。非结核分枝杆菌越来越被认为是医疗保健相关感染的来源之一。这项研究的目的是分析有关目前分枝杆菌感染微生物学诊断方法的文献。使用以下关键词对 Web of Science、PubMed、eLIBRARY.RU 和 Europe PMC 数据库中的科学文献进行了检索和分析：分枝杆菌病、非结核分枝杆菌、分枝杆菌感染、MALDITOF MS、非典型分枝杆菌。结果与讨论。综述总结并介绍了分枝杆菌菌株的分类、形态、文化、遗传和生态学特征。分析了诊断分枝杆菌疾病和鉴定病原体的现代方法；指出了这些方法的优缺点。分枝杆菌感染通常被认为是与提供医疗服务有关的疾病，需要对情况进行详细评估，确定对医疗机构对象进行微生物监测的标准等。分析的文献资料表明，霉菌感染的实验室诊断方法多种多样，需要进一步改进方法。
{"title":"Mycobacterial infections: features of microbiological diagnosis","authors":"A. V. Lutsenko, A. Yasenyavskaya, M. Samotrueva","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230604","url":null,"abstract":"To date, more than 200 species of mycobacteria have been identified, in addition to the well-known Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among microorganisms belonging to the genus Mycobacterium, there are obligate pathogenic, opportunistic and saprophytic strains. The incidence of non-tuberculous or atypical mycobacteria, which cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals, is steadily increasing. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly recognized as a source of healthcare-associated infections.Aim of the study was to analyze the literature on current methods of microbiological diagnosis of mycobacterial infections.Material and methods. A search and analysis of scientific literature in the Web of Science, PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Europe PMC databases was performed using the following key words: mycobacteriosis, non-tuberculous mycobacteria, mycobacterial infections, MALDITOF MS, atypical mycobacteria. Results and discussion. The review summarizes and presents the classification, morphological, cultural, genetic and ecological features of mycobacterial strains. Modern approaches in the diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases and identification of pathogens are analyzed; their advantages and disadvantages are indicated.Conclusions. Mycobacterial infections are often considered as diseases associated with the provision of medical care, requiring a detailed assessment of the situation with the definition of criteria for microbiological monitoring of objects of a medical organization, etc. The analyzed literature data demonstrate a variety of methods for laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial infections with the need for further improvement of methodological approaches.","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. A. Nichiporuk, S. Tsarenok, V. Gorbunov, N. A. Ilyamakova, T. Aksenova
A lot of patients with coronary heart disease often suffer from vascular calcification. In many cases it is accompanied by harmful cardiovascular events. The modern ideas of the relationship between osteoporosis, vascular calcification and inflammation, the general mechanisms of development of vascular calcification and low bone mineral density are discussed. Despite a growing number of studies concerning the combined pathology of the cardiovascular and skeletal systems, a causal relationship between vascular calcification and a decrease in bone mass has not yet been established. Moreover, there is insufficient data on the effect of inflammation on ectopic calcification. Based on the analysis of available clinical and experimental studies, this review describes the main pathogenetic mechanisms of vascular calcification in coronary atherosclerosis. The influence of calcium and vitamin D medicines on the development of vascular calcification is discussed in this article. The author’s attention is focused on early and long-term consequences of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary bypass surgery in patients with vascular calcification.
很多冠心病患者经常会出现血管钙化。在许多情况下，血管钙化伴随着有害的心血管事件。本文讨论了骨质疏松症、血管钙化和炎症之间关系的现代观点，以及血管钙化和低骨矿密度的一般发展机制。尽管有关心血管和骨骼系统综合病理的研究越来越多，但血管钙化与骨量下降之间的因果关系尚未得到证实。此外，关于炎症对异位钙化影响的数据也不充分。基于对现有临床和实验研究的分析，本综述描述了冠状动脉粥样硬化中血管钙化的主要致病机制。本文讨论了钙和维生素 D 药物对血管钙化发展的影响。作者关注的重点是血管钙化患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗和冠状动脉搭桥手术的早期和长期后果。
{"title":"Relationship between vascular calcification, osteoporosis and systemic inflammation","authors":"K. A. Nichiporuk, S. Tsarenok, V. Gorbunov, N. A. Ilyamakova, T. Aksenova","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230602","url":null,"abstract":"A lot of patients with coronary heart disease often suffer from vascular calcification. In many cases it is accompanied by harmful cardiovascular events. The modern ideas of the relationship between osteoporosis, vascular calcification and inflammation, the general mechanisms of development of vascular calcification and low bone mineral density are discussed. Despite a growing number of studies concerning the combined pathology of the cardiovascular and skeletal systems, a causal relationship between vascular calcification and a decrease in bone mass has not yet been established. Moreover, there is insufficient data on the effect of inflammation on ectopic calcification. Based on the analysis of available clinical and experimental studies, this review describes the main pathogenetic mechanisms of vascular calcification in coronary atherosclerosis. The influence of calcium and vitamin D medicines on the development of vascular calcification is discussed in this article. The author’s attention is focused on early and long-term consequences of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary bypass surgery in patients with vascular calcification.","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the study was to evaluate the change in veloergometry (VEM)-induced dynamic state of peak blood flow velocity (Vps) and resistance index (RI) in the middle cerebral artery after balneotherapy of arterial hypertension with Altai red deer antlers.Material and methods. A small cohort of patients (n = 48) with grade I–II arterial hypertension aged 56 [50–59] years (median [lower quartile-upper quartile]) was examined. In the course of the duplex research of middle cerebra artery Vps, RI in a prone position, sitting and during a bicycle exercise were registered.Results. In a prone position Vps was 100 [95–105] сm/s, RI – 0.62 [0.58–0.64]; on the cycle ergometer Vps decreased by 20 % and was 80 [77–85] сm/s. In the course of bicycle exercises of average intensity (60 W for women and 90 W for men), Vps increased by 45 %, to 115 [112–120] сm/s, RI increased to 0.73 [0.71–0.75]. On a maximum excise loading Vps reduced by 25 % up to 88 [86–92] сm/s, RI did not change. After antler balneotherapy Vps in a prone position decreased and was equal 87 [82–92] сm/s (p = 0.0001), it occurred due to the improvement of microcirculation confirmed by decrease in RI to 0.52 [0.5–0.53] (р = 0.0001). To a lesser extent there was also an orthostatic falling of Vps at these patients. In the course of bicycle exercises of average intensity, Vps was registered with higher amplitude (up to 60 %, 122 [120– 125] сm/s). On a maximum of bicycle exercise Vps decreased by 30 % of an average and was equal to 85 [82–86] сm/s.Conclusions. Veloergometric Doppler study of a blood-groove in a middle cerebra artery is a representative method for assessing the dynamic state of autoregulation and can be used for diagnostic audit of physical therapy. The antler balneotherapy of the Altai maral products makes positive impact on cerebral vasomotor function.
{"title":"Veloergometric Doppler study of brain blood circulation after balneological antler correction of vasomotor autoregulation","authors":"V. A. Avkhimenko, A. B. Trivozhenko","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230608","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the change in veloergometry (VEM)-induced dynamic state of peak blood flow velocity (Vps) and resistance index (RI) in the middle cerebral artery after balneotherapy of arterial hypertension with Altai red deer antlers.Material and methods. A small cohort of patients (n = 48) with grade I–II arterial hypertension aged 56 [50–59] years (median [lower quartile-upper quartile]) was examined. In the course of the duplex research of middle cerebra artery Vps, RI in a prone position, sitting and during a bicycle exercise were registered.Results. In a prone position Vps was 100 [95–105] сm/s, RI – 0.62 [0.58–0.64]; on the cycle ergometer Vps decreased by 20 % and was 80 [77–85] сm/s. In the course of bicycle exercises of average intensity (60 W for women and 90 W for men), Vps increased by 45 %, to 115 [112–120] сm/s, RI increased to 0.73 [0.71–0.75]. On a maximum excise loading Vps reduced by 25 % up to 88 [86–92] сm/s, RI did not change. After antler balneotherapy Vps in a prone position decreased and was equal 87 [82–92] сm/s (p = 0.0001), it occurred due to the improvement of microcirculation confirmed by decrease in RI to 0.52 [0.5–0.53] (р = 0.0001). To a lesser extent there was also an orthostatic falling of Vps at these patients. In the course of bicycle exercises of average intensity, Vps was registered with higher amplitude (up to 60 %, 122 [120– 125] сm/s). On a maximum of bicycle exercise Vps decreased by 30 % of an average and was equal to 85 [82–86] сm/s.Conclusions. Veloergometric Doppler study of a blood-groove in a middle cerebra artery is a representative method for assessing the dynamic state of autoregulation and can be used for diagnostic audit of physical therapy. The antler balneotherapy of the Altai maral products makes positive impact on cerebral vasomotor function.","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the linear size of the right and left ovaries, determined using sonography in women in adolescence, the elderly, and old age.Material and methods. The study was based on the results of ultrasound examination of 84 women with normal pelvic dimensions who were examined at the gynecology department of the Perm Krai Clinical Hospital during the period 2021–2022 in order to exclude probable pathology of the reproductive system. Measurement of longitudinal (length), transverse (width), and anteroposterior (thickness) dimensions of the ovary was performed using transvaginal access. Women were divided into three groups: the first consisted of 28 adolescents (16 to 20 years old), the second – 29 elderly persons (56 to 74 years old), the third – 27 seniors (75 to 85 years old).Results. When comparing the indicators of ovarian size, their statistically significant decrease by old age was revealed. Right ovary length from adolescence to the old age decreased by 20.56 % (p < 0.01), left – by 28.62 % (p < 0.01). Right ovarian width becomes smaller by 20.87 % (p < 0.01) in elderly age and by 26 % (p < 0.01) in senile age, left – by 20.8 % (p < 0.01) and by 28.32 % (p < 0.01), respectively, the anteroposterior dimension of the right ovary – by 23.2 % (p < 0.01) and by 38.8 % (p < 0.01), of the left ovary – by 31.19 % (p < 0.01) and by 39 % (p < 0.01), respectively.Conclusions. The results obtained allow us to expand our understanding of the features of the age-related structure of the ovaries and further continue their detailed study, since new knowledge is needed to develop modern methods for the prevention of pathology of the female reproductive system and the timely provision of quality medical care.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the linear dimensions of the ovary, determined using sonography, in an age aspect","authors":"A. A. Balandin, A. S. Kobeleva, I. A. Balandina","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230610","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the linear size of the right and left ovaries, determined using sonography in women in adolescence, the elderly, and old age.Material and methods. The study was based on the results of ultrasound examination of 84 women with normal pelvic dimensions who were examined at the gynecology department of the Perm Krai Clinical Hospital during the period 2021–2022 in order to exclude probable pathology of the reproductive system. Measurement of longitudinal (length), transverse (width), and anteroposterior (thickness) dimensions of the ovary was performed using transvaginal access. Women were divided into three groups: the first consisted of 28 adolescents (16 to 20 years old), the second – 29 elderly persons (56 to 74 years old), the third – 27 seniors (75 to 85 years old).Results. When comparing the indicators of ovarian size, their statistically significant decrease by old age was revealed. Right ovary length from adolescence to the old age decreased by 20.56 % (p < 0.01), left – by 28.62 % (p < 0.01). Right ovarian width becomes smaller by 20.87 % (p < 0.01) in elderly age and by 26 % (p < 0.01) in senile age, left – by 20.8 % (p < 0.01) and by 28.32 % (p < 0.01), respectively, the anteroposterior dimension of the right ovary – by 23.2 % (p < 0.01) and by 38.8 % (p < 0.01), of the left ovary – by 31.19 % (p < 0.01) and by 39 % (p < 0.01), respectively.Conclusions. The results obtained allow us to expand our understanding of the features of the age-related structure of the ovaries and further continue their detailed study, since new knowledge is needed to develop modern methods for the prevention of pathology of the female reproductive system and the timely provision of quality medical care.","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. N. Kalinina, N. S. Vildanova, E. S. Kormshchikova, A. Yovdiy, M. V. Smolnikova
Quality control of medicines is an integral part of the technological cycle, obligatory for the release of products into public distribution. Both in Russia and abroad, when carrying out of laboratory testing of the preparations, it is prescribed to use the reference materials – the certified standard samples. Currently, it is important for the Russian pharmaceutical industry to provide the methods for evaluating the specific activity of human anti-D immunoglobulin with a national standard sample. Its production is impossible without the production of stabilized concentrate of anti-D antibodies and verifying the suitability of each batch for sale. This requires the establishment of specification requirements and the development of regulatory documentation.Aim is to define the quality criteria for candidate standard for anti-D immunoglobulin.Material and methods. The national and foreign normative bases in the field of quality control of blood products, manufacturing and application of biological standards of medicines were analyzed. Three series of lyophilized concentrate of anti-D antibodies were obtained and a laboratory-experimental study of their properties was carried out.Results and discussion. As a result of the work done, technical specifications were approved, including a list of consumer characteristics, a description of the methods for their assessment and relevant norms.Conclusions. The established requirements can become the basis for the releasing quality control of the candidate standard for anti-D immunoglobulin during its serial production.
药品质量控制是技术周期不可分割的一部分，是产品上市销售的必要条件。无论是在俄罗斯还是在国外，在对制剂进行实验室检测时，都必须使用参考材料--经过认证的标准样品。目前，对于俄罗斯制药业来说，重要的是提供使用国家标准样品评估人抗 D 免疫球蛋白特异性活性的方法。如果不生产稳定的抗-D 抗体浓缩物并验证每批产品是否适合销售，就不可能生产这种产品。这就需要建立规范要求和制定监管文件。目的是确定抗 D 免疫球蛋白候选标准的质量标准。分析了血液制品质量控制、药品生物标准的制造和应用领域的国内外规范基础。获得了三个系列的抗 D 抗体冻干浓缩物，并对其特性进行了实验室实验研究。作为工作成果，批准了技术规范，包括消费者特征清单、评估方法说明和相关标准。所确定的要求可作为抗 D 免疫球蛋白候选标准在批量生产过程中进行质量控制的依据。
{"title":"Determination of quality criteria for candidate standard for anti-D immunoglobulin","authors":"E. N. Kalinina, N. S. Vildanova, E. S. Kormshchikova, A. Yovdiy, M. V. Smolnikova","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230611","url":null,"abstract":"Quality control of medicines is an integral part of the technological cycle, obligatory for the release of products into public distribution. Both in Russia and abroad, when carrying out of laboratory testing of the preparations, it is prescribed to use the reference materials – the certified standard samples. Currently, it is important for the Russian pharmaceutical industry to provide the methods for evaluating the specific activity of human anti-D immunoglobulin with a national standard sample. Its production is impossible without the production of stabilized concentrate of anti-D antibodies and verifying the suitability of each batch for sale. This requires the establishment of specification requirements and the development of regulatory documentation.Aim is to define the quality criteria for candidate standard for anti-D immunoglobulin.Material and methods. The national and foreign normative bases in the field of quality control of blood products, manufacturing and application of biological standards of medicines were analyzed. Three series of lyophilized concentrate of anti-D antibodies were obtained and a laboratory-experimental study of their properties was carried out.Results and discussion. As a result of the work done, technical specifications were approved, including a list of consumer characteristics, a description of the methods for their assessment and relevant norms.Conclusions. The established requirements can become the basis for the releasing quality control of the candidate standard for anti-D immunoglobulin during its serial production.","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. N. Molodovskaya, E. Tipisova, V. Alikina, A. Elfimova, V. N. Zyabisheva
The article presents the relationship between the level of psycho-emotional stress and the content of biogenic amines, sex and thyroid hormones in healthy men in the city of Arkhangelsk, taking into account the change of seasons.Material and methods. The study involved 20 men aged 25–44 years. The content of hormones, biogenic amines in serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay. To assess the level of psycho-emotional stress, a survey was conducted using the questionnaire “Your well-being”, developed by O.S. Kopina, E.A. Suslova, E.V. Zaikin, as well as A. Beck’s depression questionnaire.Results and discussion. A greater number of relationships between the studied parameters was revealed in the transitional periods of the year (March and September), which allows us to consider the spring and autumn as provoking factors in psychosocial stress development. In healthy people, the higher peripheral conversion of iodothyronines associates with the higher satisfaction with vital needs in the fall. The subjective assessment of the health is characterized by exclusively positive relationships with thyroid (spring and autumn) and sex (summer, winter) hormones. Indicators of personal satisfaction in all seasons of the year negatively correlate with the level of sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin, and indicators of stress and depression negatively correlate with content of pituitary hormones (luteinizing, thyroid stimulating). Concentration of such monoamines as dopamine (in winter) and acetylcholine (in autumn) positively correlates with feelings of personal satisfaction, while serotonin content shows a negative relationship with the level of satisfaction in autumn.
文章介绍了阿尔汉格尔斯克市健康男性的心理情绪压力水平与生物胺、性激素和甲状腺激素含量之间的关系，同时考虑到了季节的变化。研究涉及 20 名 25-44 岁的男性。血清中激素和生物胺的含量是通过酶联免疫测定法测定的。为了评估心理情感压力水平，使用了由 O.S. Kopina、E.A. Suslova、E.V. Zaikin 编制的 "您的幸福 "问卷以及 A. Beck 抑郁症问卷进行了调查。在一年的过渡时期（3 月和 9 月），所研究参数之间的关系数量较多，因此我们可以将春秋两季视为社会心理压力发展的诱发因素。在健康人群中，秋季碘甲腺原氨酸的外周转化率较高，这与较高的生命需求满足度有关。健康主观评估的特点是与甲状腺激素（春季和秋季）和性激素（夏季和冬季）完全呈正相关。一年四季的个人满意度指标与性激素和性激素结合球蛋白的水平呈负相关，压力和抑郁指标与垂体激素（促黄体生成素、促甲状腺激素）的含量呈负相关。多巴胺（冬季）和乙酰胆碱（秋季）等单胺类物质的浓度与个人满意度呈正相关，而血清素的含量与秋季的满意度呈负相关。
{"title":"Relationships between the level of psycho-emotional stress and the content of biogenic amines, sex and thyroid hormones in male population of Arkhangelsk","authors":"I. N. Molodovskaya, E. Tipisova, V. Alikina, A. Elfimova, V. N. Zyabisheva","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230606","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the relationship between the level of psycho-emotional stress and the content of biogenic amines, sex and thyroid hormones in healthy men in the city of Arkhangelsk, taking into account the change of seasons.Material and methods. The study involved 20 men aged 25–44 years. The content of hormones, biogenic amines in serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay. To assess the level of psycho-emotional stress, a survey was conducted using the questionnaire “Your well-being”, developed by O.S. Kopina, E.A. Suslova, E.V. Zaikin, as well as A. Beck’s depression questionnaire.Results and discussion. A greater number of relationships between the studied parameters was revealed in the transitional periods of the year (March and September), which allows us to consider the spring and autumn as provoking factors in psychosocial stress development. In healthy people, the higher peripheral conversion of iodothyronines associates with the higher satisfaction with vital needs in the fall. The subjective assessment of the health is characterized by exclusively positive relationships with thyroid (spring and autumn) and sex (summer, winter) hormones. Indicators of personal satisfaction in all seasons of the year negatively correlate with the level of sex hormones and sex hormone-binding globulin, and indicators of stress and depression negatively correlate with content of pituitary hormones (luteinizing, thyroid stimulating). Concentration of such monoamines as dopamine (in winter) and acetylcholine (in autumn) positively correlates with feelings of personal satisfaction, while serotonin content shows a negative relationship with the level of satisfaction in autumn.","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gorchakov, K. Nikolaychuk, G. Demchenko, B. Nurmakhanova, O. V. Gorchakova
To date, the integrative involvement of thyroid lymphatic region structures in providing tissue homeostasis in hypothyroidism and during rehabilitation remains a poorly understood problem. The use of phytotherapy is attractive for reducing the effects of hypothyroidism. This issue requires scientific justification during the rehabilitation phase.Material and methods. The work was performed on 160 white Wistar rats using light and electron microscopy according, data of morphometry and statistical matrix analysis. An adequate model of hypothyroidism was created by mercazolil administration. After the mercazolil withdrawal, we investigated the reversibility of thyroid and regional lymph node changes during the rehabilitation period (on 7, 14, 21 days) on the background of bioactive phytocomposition intake and without it. Phytocomposition from laminaria and medicinal plants of Siberia was used at a dose of 0.2 g/kg for three weeks after the cancellation of mercazolil.Results and discussion. The study showed a unidirectional change in thyroid and lymph node structure with a preferential decrease in indicators in hypothyroidism. The value of the total normalized index for the lymphatic region (lymphothyroostat) is negative during the recovery period without phytocorrection. The index has a negative value initially and up to 14 days and becomes positive only by the end of 21 days of the study reflecting the inertia of the structural response of organs. Phytotherapy provides high rationed index rates for lymphothyrostat. The index becomes positive starting at day 14. There is an intensification of compensatory and adaptive reactions at all levels of lymphothyrostat organization, starting with ultrastructural. The lymph node contributes significantly to the provision of homeostasis of the lymph region of the thyroid gland.Conclusions. Reorganization of the lymph node and thyroid gland is interconnected in hypothyroidism. The active role of the lymph node in providing tissue homeostasis in the lymph region of the thyroid is apparent. Thyroid and lymph node function can be enhanced by phytotherapy. Phytocomposition reduces the effects of hypothyroidism. It is a kind of modifier of thyroid and lymph node structure and function
{"title":"Integral evaluation of thyroid lymphatic region in phytocorrection of hypothyroidism consequences","authors":"V. Gorchakov, K. Nikolaychuk, G. Demchenko, B. Nurmakhanova, O. V. Gorchakova","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230613","url":null,"abstract":"To date, the integrative involvement of thyroid lymphatic region structures in providing tissue homeostasis in hypothyroidism and during rehabilitation remains a poorly understood problem. The use of phytotherapy is attractive for reducing the effects of hypothyroidism. This issue requires scientific justification during the rehabilitation phase.Material and methods. The work was performed on 160 white Wistar rats using light and electron microscopy according, data of morphometry and statistical matrix analysis. An adequate model of hypothyroidism was created by mercazolil administration. After the mercazolil withdrawal, we investigated the reversibility of thyroid and regional lymph node changes during the rehabilitation period (on 7, 14, 21 days) on the background of bioactive phytocomposition intake and without it. Phytocomposition from laminaria and medicinal plants of Siberia was used at a dose of 0.2 g/kg for three weeks after the cancellation of mercazolil.Results and discussion. The study showed a unidirectional change in thyroid and lymph node structure with a preferential decrease in indicators in hypothyroidism. The value of the total normalized index for the lymphatic region (lymphothyroostat) is negative during the recovery period without phytocorrection. The index has a negative value initially and up to 14 days and becomes positive only by the end of 21 days of the study reflecting the inertia of the structural response of organs. Phytotherapy provides high rationed index rates for lymphothyrostat. The index becomes positive starting at day 14. There is an intensification of compensatory and adaptive reactions at all levels of lymphothyrostat organization, starting with ultrastructural. The lymph node contributes significantly to the provision of homeostasis of the lymph region of the thyroid gland.Conclusions. Reorganization of the lymph node and thyroid gland is interconnected in hypothyroidism. The active role of the lymph node in providing tissue homeostasis in the lymph region of the thyroid is apparent. Thyroid and lymph node function can be enhanced by phytotherapy. Phytocomposition reduces the effects of hypothyroidism. It is a kind of modifier of thyroid and lymph node structure and function","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Rebrova, Y. K. Podoksenov, S. A. Afanasiev, N. Kamenshchikov, V. A. Korepanov, M. Diakova
Enhancement of methods for protecting target organs during coronary artery bypass surgery determined the development of a technology for delivering nitric oxide (NO) to the systemic blood flow using a cardiopulmonary bypass (CB) apparatus, which makes NO available to all organs and tissues.The aim of the study was to access the effect of perioperative NO conditioning on the coefficients of microviscosity and polarity of sheep etythrocyte membranes during experimental surgical intervention using CB.Material and methods. Study was carried out on 20 sheep weighing 30–34 kg. Two groups were formed. In the CB group, 10 sheep underwent the standard clinical protocol of artificial lung ventilation (ALV) and CB. In the CB + NO group, 10 sheep received NO at a dose of 80 ppm through the circuit of ALV apparatus immediately after tracheal intubation. At the start of CB, NO was delivered to the extracorporeal circulation circuit at a dose of 80 ppm for 90 min. After disconnection from CB, NO supply continued through the ALV apparatus at a dose of 80 ppm for 60 min. The coefficients of microviscosity and polarity of sheep erythrocyte membranes were determined by spectrofluorimetry using pyrene probe.Results and discussion. The implementation of CB was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the microviscosity coefficient in the zones of proteinlipid contact of sheep erythrocyte membranes. In the zone of total lipids, the microviscosity coefficient did not change after CB implementation. The membrane polarity coefficient at the final stage of the surgery increased significantly in the zone of annular lipids and did not change in the zone of total lipids. NO supply to the circuit of the extracorporeal circulation neutralizes the revealed increase in the microviscosity and polarity of the annular lipids.Conclusions. The introduction of NO into the extracorporeal circulation circuit at the concentration of 80 ppm prevents a decrease in the coefficients of microviscosity and polarity of annular lipids of erythrocyte membranes that occurs during cardiac surgery.
{"title":"Effects of nitric oxide on microviscosity and polarity of erythrocyte membranes in experiment","authors":"T. Rebrova, Y. K. Podoksenov, S. A. Afanasiev, N. Kamenshchikov, V. A. Korepanov, M. Diakova","doi":"10.18699/ssmj20230612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18699/ssmj20230612","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancement of methods for protecting target organs during coronary artery bypass surgery determined the development of a technology for delivering nitric oxide (NO) to the systemic blood flow using a cardiopulmonary bypass (CB) apparatus, which makes NO available to all organs and tissues.The aim of the study was to access the effect of perioperative NO conditioning on the coefficients of microviscosity and polarity of sheep etythrocyte membranes during experimental surgical intervention using CB.Material and methods. Study was carried out on 20 sheep weighing 30–34 kg. Two groups were formed. In the CB group, 10 sheep underwent the standard clinical protocol of artificial lung ventilation (ALV) and CB. In the CB + NO group, 10 sheep received NO at a dose of 80 ppm through the circuit of ALV apparatus immediately after tracheal intubation. At the start of CB, NO was delivered to the extracorporeal circulation circuit at a dose of 80 ppm for 90 min. After disconnection from CB, NO supply continued through the ALV apparatus at a dose of 80 ppm for 60 min. The coefficients of microviscosity and polarity of sheep erythrocyte membranes were determined by spectrofluorimetry using pyrene probe.Results and discussion. The implementation of CB was accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in the microviscosity coefficient in the zones of proteinlipid contact of sheep erythrocyte membranes. In the zone of total lipids, the microviscosity coefficient did not change after CB implementation. The membrane polarity coefficient at the final stage of the surgery increased significantly in the zone of annular lipids and did not change in the zone of total lipids. NO supply to the circuit of the extracorporeal circulation neutralizes the revealed increase in the microviscosity and polarity of the annular lipids.Conclusions. The introduction of NO into the extracorporeal circulation circuit at the concentration of 80 ppm prevents a decrease in the coefficients of microviscosity and polarity of annular lipids of erythrocyte membranes that occurs during cardiac surgery.","PeriodicalId":24058,"journal":{"name":"Сибирский научный медицинский журнал","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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