Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue最新文献

Respiratory failure caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe pneumonia is common diseases in intensive care medicine. In recent years, with the continuous updating of treatment methods, prone position ventilation has been found to have a good therapeutic effect on such diseases, and has been widely used in clinical practice. However, prone position ventilation significantly increases the workload of medical staff and the risk of accidental extubation and pressure injuries to patients, seriously affecting the safety of diagnosis and treatment. At present, various devices such as mattresses have been used for prone position ventilation, but there are few devices specifically designed to protect and fix the head and face. Therefore, the medical staff of Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University designed and developed a head support frame for prone position ventilation, and obtained a National Utility Model Patent of China (patent number: ZL 2018 2 0056891.6). The head support frame for prone position ventilation includes a movable chassis and rollers for easy movement and fixation. The retractable column 1 is vertically fixed on the movable chassis, and its height can be freely adjusted according to the position of the patient. A transverse bridge is fixed at the top of the retractable column 1, the two ends of the bridge are designed a bulge, and the rotating ring is fixed above the transverse bridge, so that the rotating ring can rotate along the bridge at a certain angle. The rotating ring is designed with an inner ring and an inlet and outlet which can pass through the tube is designed on the rotating ring. The inflatable air bag is designed above the rotating ring to improve the comfort of patients and reduce the pressure injury of facial skin. A sliding rod is vertically designed on the upper part of the retractable column 1, and there is a retractable column 2 at the distal end of the slide rod, and the retractable column 2 is connected with the rotating ring, so that the rotating ring adjusts the angle along the cross bridge with the contraction of the collapsible column 2. A retractable column 3 is arranged in the middle of the slide rod, and a catheter clamp is arranged at its far end to facilitate the fixation of the artificial airway and the mechanical ventilation tube. The support frame is practical and convenient, which can protect the patient's head safely in the prone position, and greatly reduce the workload of medical staff.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different intervention measures on duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in critically ill patients using network Meta-analysis.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of different intervention measures on duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of ICU stay in critically ill patients were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, China Biomedical Literature Database, CNKI, and other databases. The search time limit was from the establishment of the database to November 2023. Literature screening, quality assessment, and data extraction were independently conducted by two researchers. Network Meta-analysis was employed to assess the effects of each intervention on duration of mechanical ventilation and the length of ICU stay, and funnel plots were generated.

Results: A total of 37 RCTs were included, involving 3 977 severe patients, 2 041 in the intervention group and 1 936 in the control group. Thirteen types of interventions were analyzed, including usual care (UC), early activity (EA), early comprehensive rehabilitation (ECR), early pulmonary rehabilitation (EPR), cluster intervention strategy (CS), sedation, analgesia and cluster nursing (SACN), music therapy (MT), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), modified education and visitation (MV), virtual reality (VR), auricular point sticking (APS), acupoint acupuncture (AA), and concerted intervention (COR). Network Meta-analysis showed that MV significantly better than COR [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -2.35, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was -4.30 to -0.39], EPR (SMD = -2.59, 95%CI was -4.81 to -0.37), and UC (SMD = -4.10, 95%CI was -5.71 to -2.49) in improving duration of mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. COR was significantly better than UC in shortened length of ICU stay (SMD = -5.72, 95%CI was -10.07 to -1.37). The efficacy ranking results showed that for duration of mechanical ventilation, the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was highest for MV (85.4%) and EA (85.4%), followed by AA (74.9%), NMES (63.1%), ECR (51.7%), CS (48.8%), SACN (34.3%), COR (29.4%), EPR (26.1%), and UC (0.7%). For the length of ICU stay, COR had the highest SUCRA (82.3%), followed by APS (79.7%), MV (77.7%), EPR (68.0%), NMES (57.6%), CS (54.4%), ECR (51.1%), SACN (41.9%), MT (39.8%), EA (39.3%), AA (33.0%), VR (15.4%), and UC (9.8%). The funnel plot results of ICU stay showed that the publication bias between studies were relatively small.

Conclusions: MV and COR appear to be effective interventions for reducing mechanical ventilation time and ICU stay in critically ill patients. However, due to the number and quality of included studies, these findings require confirmation through additional high-quality research.

Objective: To investigate the molecular characteristics of obacunone, and to screen and identify potential targets of obacunone against sepsis.

Methods: The pharmacological parameters and molecular characteristics of obacunone were analyzed with the aid of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The potential targets of obacunone against sepsis were screened using SwissTargetPrediction and Drug Repositioning and Adverse Drug Reaction Chemical-Protein Interactome (DRAR-CPI) software, with a Z'-score < -0.5. The anti-sepsis targets of obacunone were selected by Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and Therapeutic Target Database (TTD). The anti-sepsis potential target was identified by molecular docking software.

Results: The oral bioavailability of obacunone was 81.58% and the drug-likeness was 0.57 indicating that obacunone showed good drug formation. A total of 242 potential targets were screened through SwissTargetPrediction and DRAR-CPI software, 13 targets were directly related to sepsis. Cathepsin G (CTSG), caspase-1 (CASP1), S100 calcium binding protein A9 (S100A9), protein C (inactivator of coagulation factors V a and VIII a, PROC), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), interleukin-10 (IL-10), migration inhibitory factor (MIF), complement C5a receptor 1 (C5AR1), caspase-3 (CASP3), CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), thrombin receptor (F2R), nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) were identified as the potential targets for anti-sepsis of obacunone by molecular docking software, the free binding energies were -32.55, 1.26, -30.00, 300.08, -31.88, -30.29, -21.38, -30.79, 16 777.84, -21.80, 6 443.36, -20.38, -23.47 kJ/mol, respectively.

Conclusions: Obacunone can inhibit blood coagulation and improve inflammatory response by regulating PROC and F2R. It regulates MIF, S100A9, G6PD and IL-10 to play a role in immune response. It regulates CTSG, CASP1, MAPK1, C5AR1 and CASP3 to protect sepsis-damaged organs. By regulating CXCR2, it can reduce the excessive migration of neutrophils to the site of inflammation, alleviate tissue damage. By regulating NAMPT, it improves cellular energy status, reduces oxidative stress, and protects cells from damage.

Objective: To construct Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery based on Delphi method, providing a basis for early prediction and assessment of the risk of hyperoxemia in patients after cardiac surgery.

Methods: A research team was established. Based on the characteristics of extracorporeal circulation cardiac surgery, the Chinese and English literature published by each database until October 2022 was retrieved and the opinions of relevant professional clinicians were combined to screen the risk factors of hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery, and the preliminary draft of the Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery was drawn up. The Delphi method was used to conduct two rounds of expert letter consultation to supplement and improve the initial draft and finally established the final draft of the Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery.

Results: The preliminary draft of the Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery was constructed according to the literature review and the opinions of relevant professional clinicians, which contained 4 dimensions and 21 items. A total of 14 experts were consulted by letter, including 5 senior titles and 9 associate senior titles. Six of them major in critical care and the other eight major in cardiovascular surgery. The effective response rates for the two rounds of questionnaire surveys were 100% and 85.71%, expert familiarity levels were 0.81 and 0.80, judgment coefficients were 0.94 and 0.92, respectively. Expert authority coefficients were both 0.86. Coefficients of variation for the importance and feasibility items in the two rounds ranged from 0.13 to 0.32 and 0.11 to 0.32, 0.06 to 0.26 and 0.06 to 0.35, respectively. The Kendall's W for importance and feasibility in the two rounds were 0.264 and 0.162, and 0.258 and 0.144 respectively, indicating statistically significant (all P < 0.05). After two rounds of expert consultations, a comprehensive evaluation and selection process resulted in the final establishment of the Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery, consisting of 4 dimensions and 23 items, which included general data, past history, operation-related data and postoperative data.

Conclusions: The Risk factor assessment table for hyperoxemia in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass heart surgery based on the Delphi method is highly scientific and feasible, which can provide reference for clinical assessments of the risk of hyperoxemia in such patients.

Objective: To construct and validate a nomogram model for predicting sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) risk in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Adult sepsis patients admitted to the department of ICU of the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA from January 2017 to December 2022 were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, clinical data within 24 hours after admission to ICU diagnosis, and clinical outcomes were collected. Patients were divided into training set and validation set according to a 7 : 3 ratio. According to the consensus report of the 28th Acute Disease Quality Initiative Working Group (ADQI 28), the data were analyzed with serum creatinine as the parameter and AKI occurrence 7 days after sepsis diagnosis as the outcome. Lasso regression analysis and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were performed to construct the nomogram prediction model for SA-AKI. The discrimination and accuracy of the model were evaluated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve), decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC).

Results: A total of 247 sepsis patients were enrolled, 184 patients developed SA-AKI (74.49%). The number of AKI patients in the training and validation sets were 130 (75.58%) and 54 (72.00%), respectively. After Lasso regression analysis and univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis, four independent predictive factors related to the occurrence of SA-AKI were selected, namely procalcitonin (PCT), prothrombin activity (PTA), platelet distribution width (PDW), and uric acid (UA) were significantly associated with the onset of SA-AKI, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.03 (1.01-1.05), 0.97 (0.55-0.99), 2.68 (1.21-5.96), 1.01 (1.00-1.01), all P < 0.05, respectively. A nomogram model was constructed using the above four variables. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.869 (95%CI was 0.870-0.930) in the training set and 0.710 (95%CI was 0.588-0.832) in the validation set. The P-values of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test were 0.384 and 0.294, respectively. In the training set, with an optimal cut-off value of 0.760, a sensitivity of 77.5% and specificity of 88.1% were achieved. Both DCA and CIC plots demonstrated the model's good clinical utility.

Conclusions: A nomogram model based on clinical indicators of sepsis patients admitted to the ICU within 24 hours could be used to predict the risk of SA-AKI, which would be beneficial for early identification and treatment on SA-AKI.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is the most common neurological complication of sepsis, with an incidence of up to 70% in sepsis, and contributes to the increased mortality and disability in sepsis. To date, the exact pathogenesis of SAE is not clear. Most of current researches indicated that blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, active neuroinflammation, glial cell over activation as well as cerebral microcirculation dysfunction contributed to the pathophysiology of SAE. BBB, as a complex cellular structure between the central nervous system and the peripheral system, strictly controls the entrance and discharge of substances and plays an important role in maintaining the balance between biochemical system and immune system of central system. During the progress of sepsis, inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species resulting from peripheral system directly or indirectly resulted in the damage to the integrity and structure of BBB, which helped above species easily enter into the central system. Above these damages caused glial cell activation (microglia and astrocyte), the imbalance of neurotransmitters, mitochondrial dysfunction and neural apoptosis, which also reversely contributed to the damage to the integrity and permeability of BBB via decreasing the expression of tight junctional protein between cells. Therefore, this review focuses on the structural and functional changes of BBB in SAE, and how these changes lead to the development of SAE, in order to seek a BBB-targeted therapy for SAE.

Blood purification is one of the commonly used techniques for the rescue of critically ill patients, which is used for acute and chronic kidney injury caused by various causes and renal replacement therapy (RRT) for a variety of critical diseases. Its main working principle is to drain the human blood into a variety of dialyzers through the artificial tube, exchange substances through a variety of ways, and remove harmful substances and some metabolites from patients' body. Then the purified blood is transfused back to the body, so as to maintain the patient's internal environment relatively stable. At present, there are different models of hemodialysis machines in clinical practice, but they are bulky and unable to move, and the method of heat dissipation is single, which cannot meet the needs of hemodialysis treatment in transport patients. Therefore, the medical staff of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University designed and developed a hemodialysis machine, which is suitable for patients who demand hemodialysis treatment during transport, and obtained the National Invention Patent of China (ZL 2020 1 0864737.3). The hemodialysis machine comprises a main body of the hemodialysis machine and a mobile vehicle. The main body of the hemodialysis machine is placed in the bottom of the mobile vehicle, and a protective cylinder with fixed airbags is designed around the main body of the hemodialysis machine. The fixed airbag is connected to the air storage tank through the pipeline, the air storage tank is connected to the Venturi tube through the control valve, and the throat of the Venturi tube is connected to the disinfection tank and cooling water tank. The outlet end of the Venturi tube is connected with the cooling pipe inside the main part of the hemodialysis machine and the sprinkler head placed on the top of the main body. By adding a mobile vehicle and designing an airbag and protective cylinder, the hemodialysis machine can be applied to the hemodialysis treatment during the transportation of patients. By designing the heat dissipation pipe, the main body of the hemodialysis machine can be cooled, the temperature of the hemodialysis machine can be reduced, and the hemodialysis machine can still work when the fan is damaged. By designing the sprinkler head, it is convenient to automatically disinfect the main screen and control keys of the hemodialysis machine, reduce the risk of cross infection of medical staff in the operation, and increase the safety and practicability of the hemodialysis machine. The hemodialysis machine is convenient, safe and efficient, which can be widely used in the hemodialysis treatment during transported patient, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and necessity of vasopressor infusion through midline catheter.

Methods: A convenient sampling method was used for a controlled study. A total of 88 adult patients who used vasopressors admitted to respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) of Fenyang Hospital in Shanxi Province from June 2022 to June 2023 were enrolled as the research subjects. A total of 44 patients who were infused with vasopressors through peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) from June to December 2022 were enrolled as the PICC group, and 44 patients who were infused with vasopressors through midline catheter from January to June 2023 were enrolled as the midline catheter group. Both groups of patients used the modified Sedinger technique under the guidance of B-ultrasound for puncture and catheter placement. The middle 1/3 site between the cubital fossa and the axilla was selected. The catheters were 5 Fr double lumen. After catheter placement, the patients were followed until catheter removal, death, or 30 days (whichever came first). Based on the Infusion therapy standards of practice revised by American Infusion Nurses Society (INS), and combined with the results of previous preliminary tests, the safety evaluation was conducted on incomplete catheter obstruction, catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), phlebitis, thrombus within the catheter during extubation, redness of the puncture site (but no infection), and exudation of the puncture site in the two groups of patients.

Results: There were no statistical differences in gender, age, catheter indwelling time, and primary disease between the two groups, indicating that the baseline data of the two groups were balanced and comparable. No CRBSI or phlebitis occurred in both groups during the observation period after catheterization. One patient in both groups had exudation at the puncture site [both were 2.27% (1/44)]. Compared with the PICC group, the incidence of incomplete catheter obstruction, thrombus within the catheter during extubation, redness of the puncture site (but no infection) in the midline catheter group were lowered [incomplete catheter obstruction: 4.55% (2/44) vs. 6.82% (3/44), thrombus within the catheter during extubation: 0% (0/44) vs. 2.27% (1/44), redness of the puncture site (but no infection): 0% (0/44) vs. 4.55% (2/44)], the overall incidence was significantly decreased [6.82% (3/44) vs. 15.91% (7/44), P < 0.01].

Conclusions: Administering vasopressor through a midline catheter can reduce the incidence of catheter-related complications, decrease the rate of central venous catheterization, and reduce the financial burden on patients.