Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387405
M. Spichartz, C. Heising, V. Staudt, A. Steimel
A novel state-control approach for induction machines in the converter-fixed reference frame is presented. The magnetising currents and the stator currents of the machine are the control signals. They allow highest torque dynamics and, at the same time, over-current prevention. In this paper, the key ideas of the new concept are presented. The capability of the approach is demonstrated by simulation results.
{"title":"State control of induction machines in converter-fixed reference frame","authors":"M. Spichartz, C. Heising, V. Staudt, A. Steimel","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387405","url":null,"abstract":"A novel state-control approach for induction machines in the converter-fixed reference frame is presented. The magnetising currents and the stator currents of the machine are the control signals. They allow highest torque dynamics and, at the same time, over-current prevention. In this paper, the key ideas of the new concept are presented. The capability of the approach is demonstrated by simulation results.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116424196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387469
M. Tursini, G. Fabri, E. D. Loggia, M. Villani
This work describes the control technique of a Fault-Tolerant electromechanical system aimed to the actuation of the flap panels of the aircraft. The application provides the adoption of a couple of Fault-Tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motors designed to match minimum load requirements even in case of a fault in one or two phases. The consolidated mechanical synchronization of the mutual actuation is replaced by a fully electronic solution. The usual master-slave configuration of the two actuators with speed control and correction of the tracking error is replaced by the adoption of the parallel position control. This solution allows to avoid a complex management of the tracking error and applies to the couple of actuators the same Fault-Tolerant philosophy adopted inside for the single multiphase motor. The technique is developed and tested on a test-bed designed to emulate the real aerodynamic load condition. The achieved results show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
{"title":"Parallel positioning of twin EMAs for Fault-Tolerant flap applications","authors":"M. Tursini, G. Fabri, E. D. Loggia, M. Villani","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387469","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes the control technique of a Fault-Tolerant electromechanical system aimed to the actuation of the flap panels of the aircraft. The application provides the adoption of a couple of Fault-Tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motors designed to match minimum load requirements even in case of a fault in one or two phases. The consolidated mechanical synchronization of the mutual actuation is replaced by a fully electronic solution. The usual master-slave configuration of the two actuators with speed control and correction of the tracking error is replaced by the adoption of the parallel position control. This solution allows to avoid a complex management of the tracking error and applies to the couple of actuators the same Fault-Tolerant philosophy adopted inside for the single multiphase motor. The technique is developed and tested on a test-bed designed to emulate the real aerodynamic load condition. The achieved results show the effectiveness of the proposed solution.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116255808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387472
P. Wheeler, A. Trentin, S. Bozhko, J. Clare
These This paper considers a wide range of options for the allowing regeneration onto the aircraft bus for possible inclusion in future aircraft power quality specifications. For many loads, such as actuators, the size and weight of power converters could be significantly reduced if the requirement to avoid regeneration was removed from the specifications. As an example of regeneration this paper presents a study regarding the application of an electrical mechanical actuator (EMA) to drive the aileron of an aircraft using a real flight profile as a reference. The converter used in this study is a two stage matrix converter. The study is focused on the input power flow of the converter, showing that the total amount of energy that would be regenerated to the aircraft power network is very small and the advantage of using a bi-directional power flow converter is simply to reduce the size of the braking circuit.
{"title":"Regeneration of energy onto an aircraft electrical power system from an electro-mechanical actuator","authors":"P. Wheeler, A. Trentin, S. Bozhko, J. Clare","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387472","url":null,"abstract":"These This paper considers a wide range of options for the allowing regeneration onto the aircraft bus for possible inclusion in future aircraft power quality specifications. For many loads, such as actuators, the size and weight of power converters could be significantly reduced if the requirement to avoid regeneration was removed from the specifications. As an example of regeneration this paper presents a study regarding the application of an electrical mechanical actuator (EMA) to drive the aileron of an aircraft using a real flight profile as a reference. The converter used in this study is a two stage matrix converter. The study is focused on the input power flow of the converter, showing that the total amount of energy that would be regenerated to the aircraft power network is very small and the advantage of using a bi-directional power flow converter is simply to reduce the size of the braking circuit.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"1083 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126883651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387463
P. Ladoux, M. Mermet, J. Casarin, J. Fabre
Silicon (Si) IGBTs are widely used in railway traction converters. In the near future, Silicon Carbide (SiC) technology will push the limits of switching devices in the three directions: higher blocking voltage, higher operating temperature and higher switching speed. All in all, these large-gap components should improve the traction chain efficiency and the power-weight ratio. Thus, the topology of the traction converter should be reconsidered from the input stage to the inverter including the DC bus. In this paper, the authors show the prospects for developments in traction voltage source inverters and active front end converters.
{"title":"Outlook for SiC devices in traction converters","authors":"P. Ladoux, M. Mermet, J. Casarin, J. Fabre","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387463","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon (Si) IGBTs are widely used in railway traction converters. In the near future, Silicon Carbide (SiC) technology will push the limits of switching devices in the three directions: higher blocking voltage, higher operating temperature and higher switching speed. All in all, these large-gap components should improve the traction chain efficiency and the power-weight ratio. Thus, the topology of the traction converter should be reconsidered from the input stage to the inverter including the DC bus. In this paper, the authors show the prospects for developments in traction voltage source inverters and active front end converters.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127831774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387476
Qian Zhou, A. Nothofer
This paper describes the high frequency behaviour of an Electric Nacelle Anti Ice system (ENAI). In the high frequency range above 150kHz, conducted emissions have to be considered. A silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) is the main source for conducted emissions. Simulation and measurements are implemented on the ENAI system for comparison and verification. Simulations were verified by measurements and were shown to be a good alternative to measurements to provide quick and reliable predictions, whilst interference in the measurement environment can cause errors.
{"title":"Conducted emission analysis of electric nacelle anti ice system in aircraft","authors":"Qian Zhou, A. Nothofer","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387476","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the high frequency behaviour of an Electric Nacelle Anti Ice system (ENAI). In the high frequency range above 150kHz, conducted emissions have to be considered. A silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) is the main source for conducted emissions. Simulation and measurements are implemented on the ENAI system for comparison and verification. Simulations were verified by measurements and were shown to be a good alternative to measurements to provide quick and reliable predictions, whilst interference in the measurement environment can cause errors.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125507095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387393
Jiaqi Zhu, Li Wang, Ligang Ruan, Shanshui Yang
Modern aircraft with high-capacity air variable frequency AC system ask for a well-considered design of the main feeder, and on the basis of the research on the skin effect and proximity effect of its impedance can the optimization possible. The comparative study of impedance of typical main feeder configuration at different frequency level is given, in which the influence of conductor material and gauge, conductor spacing, ground plane elevation and phase sequence are discussed. A series of suggestions for the design are obtained, thereby ensuring the high quality of power supply.
{"title":"The skin effect and proximity effect analysis of main feeder of air variable frequency AC system","authors":"Jiaqi Zhu, Li Wang, Ligang Ruan, Shanshui Yang","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387393","url":null,"abstract":"Modern aircraft with high-capacity air variable frequency AC system ask for a well-considered design of the main feeder, and on the basis of the research on the skin effect and proximity effect of its impedance can the optimization possible. The comparative study of impedance of typical main feeder configuration at different frequency level is given, in which the influence of conductor material and gauge, conductor spacing, ground plane elevation and phase sequence are discussed. A series of suggestions for the design are obtained, thereby ensuring the high quality of power supply.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129320717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387435
M. Falvo, R. Lamedica, A. Ruvio
The focus of the present paper is pointed on trolley-buses lines, as solution for the urban mass transport in medium size cities. After a comparison in terms of economic and environmental features, with other mobility systems, the potential upgrading actions on trolley-buses line, that would improve its energy performance, are highlighted. In particular the energy storage application in power supplying system and on board the vehicles is deeply analyzed. To identify which of the two solutions involves in the highest energy saving, a study has been performed on the case of a trolley-buses line proposed for Cosenza city.
{"title":"Energy storage application in trolley-buses lines for a sustainable urban mobility","authors":"M. Falvo, R. Lamedica, A. Ruvio","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387435","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the present paper is pointed on trolley-buses lines, as solution for the urban mass transport in medium size cities. After a comparison in terms of economic and environmental features, with other mobility systems, the potential upgrading actions on trolley-buses line, that would improve its energy performance, are highlighted. In particular the energy storage application in power supplying system and on board the vehicles is deeply analyzed. To identify which of the two solutions involves in the highest energy saving, a study has been performed on the case of a trolley-buses line proposed for Cosenza city.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130150322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387424
Joon-Sung Park, B. Gu, Jin-Hong Kim, Jun-Hyuk Choi, I. Jung
In order to save resources and prevent global warming, there has been a pressing need in recent years to reduce the volume of CO2 emissions, and to improve the fuel consumption of automobiles. Due to environmental concerns, the recent regulation on automobile fuel economy has been strengthened. The market demand for efficient vehicles is growing and automakers to improve engine fuel efficiency in the industry have been paying a lot of effort. Under these circumstances, the mechanical parts in the automobile industry are being replaced by electronic methods. In this paper, authors introduce two methods. First method is water pump. Especially, to improve vehicle engine efficiency, power transmission and around the field of devices according to driving conditions need to be properly cooled. Conventional mechanical water pump is directly connected by the engine belt. For this reason, regardless of coolant circulation, the conventional mechanical water pump is always operated. However, the electric water pump can be operated only when needed through the proper motor speed control. The way which the mechanical water pump is replaced by electric water pump could reduce energy consumption. Second method is VVA (Variable Valve Actuation) technology. To improve the fuel efficiency, it is necessary to reduce losses or to improve combustion efficiency of the engine. VVA technology enhances the engine's intake air flow, reduce pumping losses and mechanical friction losses. And also, VVA technology is the engine's low speed and high speed operation to implement each of appropriate valve lift. It improves the performance of engine in the entire operating range. This paper presents a design procedure of drive for water pump and VVA system and shows the validity of the result by experimental result with prototype.
{"title":"Development of BLDC motor drive for automotive applications","authors":"Joon-Sung Park, B. Gu, Jin-Hong Kim, Jun-Hyuk Choi, I. Jung","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387424","url":null,"abstract":"In order to save resources and prevent global warming, there has been a pressing need in recent years to reduce the volume of CO2 emissions, and to improve the fuel consumption of automobiles. Due to environmental concerns, the recent regulation on automobile fuel economy has been strengthened. The market demand for efficient vehicles is growing and automakers to improve engine fuel efficiency in the industry have been paying a lot of effort. Under these circumstances, the mechanical parts in the automobile industry are being replaced by electronic methods. In this paper, authors introduce two methods. First method is water pump. Especially, to improve vehicle engine efficiency, power transmission and around the field of devices according to driving conditions need to be properly cooled. Conventional mechanical water pump is directly connected by the engine belt. For this reason, regardless of coolant circulation, the conventional mechanical water pump is always operated. However, the electric water pump can be operated only when needed through the proper motor speed control. The way which the mechanical water pump is replaced by electric water pump could reduce energy consumption. Second method is VVA (Variable Valve Actuation) technology. To improve the fuel efficiency, it is necessary to reduce losses or to improve combustion efficiency of the engine. VVA technology enhances the engine's intake air flow, reduce pumping losses and mechanical friction losses. And also, VVA technology is the engine's low speed and high speed operation to implement each of appropriate valve lift. It improves the performance of engine in the entire operating range. This paper presents a design procedure of drive for water pump and VVA system and shows the validity of the result by experimental result with prototype.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131417502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387496
R. E. Vázquez, C. Mathis, A. Steinhuber
This paper presents an Adaptive Predictive Control (APC) for Energy Management in order to improve fuel economy in vehicles equipped with a Dual Power Network. This approach can be applied to hybridised and electrical vehicles and provides a locally optimized solution. This is applied at component-level for the Generator Control and in a state-discretized form for the Energy Management system. A practical solution has been the target pursued throughout this research. In this context the term “practical” refers a solution that is executable online as well as easily reconfigurable. The approach proposed is implemented in a vehicle simulator developed within the EE-VERT project. Benefit analysis is referred to ARTEMIS-based real-life driving cycles where a clear distinction between urban and extra-urban cycles is met. Overall an improvement of 60% in average for the Generator Control is attained by replacing the Proportional Integral (PI) controller by an APC. Moreover the spikes in the generator current are completely eradicated. Further, at system level APC achieves quantifiable improvement in fuel economy up to 8.5% (regarding State-of-the-Art strategy) with a maximum depletion of the HV battery of 1.5% against the 22% of Baseline approach (utilising the maximum possible regenerative energy).
{"title":"Adaptive EMS for Dual Power Network vehicles","authors":"R. E. Vázquez, C. Mathis, A. Steinhuber","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387496","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an Adaptive Predictive Control (APC) for Energy Management in order to improve fuel economy in vehicles equipped with a Dual Power Network. This approach can be applied to hybridised and electrical vehicles and provides a locally optimized solution. This is applied at component-level for the Generator Control and in a state-discretized form for the Energy Management system. A practical solution has been the target pursued throughout this research. In this context the term “practical” refers a solution that is executable online as well as easily reconfigurable. The approach proposed is implemented in a vehicle simulator developed within the EE-VERT project. Benefit analysis is referred to ARTEMIS-based real-life driving cycles where a clear distinction between urban and extra-urban cycles is met. Overall an improvement of 60% in average for the Generator Control is attained by replacing the Proportional Integral (PI) controller by an APC. Moreover the spikes in the generator current are completely eradicated. Further, at system level APC achieves quantifiable improvement in fuel economy up to 8.5% (regarding State-of-the-Art strategy) with a maximum depletion of the HV battery of 1.5% against the 22% of Baseline approach (utilising the maximum possible regenerative energy).","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134274188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387436
G. Brando, A. Dannier, A. Del Pizzo
An high performance control technique of dc-brushless drives is presented in the paper, with the aim to considerably reduce current and torque ripples. The proposed control algorithms are very simple and are separately pointed out for “two phase on” and “three phase on” operations, i.e. either far or during the commutation of two consequent armature phases. They can be successfully used in those dc-brushless drives which uses permanent magnet motors with any arbitrary shape of the air-gap flux-density distribution generated by rotor magnets. A magnetically isotropic motor configuration can be considered with respect to the air-gap field generated by the armature m.m.f. The smoothing torque control procedure is a “current control technique” operating in two cascaded phases. As first step it evaluates the value of the instantaneous reference current able to reduce to zero the torque oscillations magnitude. Afterwards, a simple model-based predictive algorithm computes the voltage reference values for the PWM motor supplying inverter. As in many other applications, the voltage predictive control provides better performance than PI or hysteresis controller because more homogeneous results can be yield for low and high speed (or load) operating conditions. Some cases-study are numerically investigated in order to validate the proposed control technique.
{"title":"An effective control technique for shaft-torque smoothing in dc-brushless drives with arbitrary shape of air-gap magnetic field","authors":"G. Brando, A. Dannier, A. Del Pizzo","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387436","url":null,"abstract":"An high performance control technique of dc-brushless drives is presented in the paper, with the aim to considerably reduce current and torque ripples. The proposed control algorithms are very simple and are separately pointed out for “two phase on” and “three phase on” operations, i.e. either far or during the commutation of two consequent armature phases. They can be successfully used in those dc-brushless drives which uses permanent magnet motors with any arbitrary shape of the air-gap flux-density distribution generated by rotor magnets. A magnetically isotropic motor configuration can be considered with respect to the air-gap field generated by the armature m.m.f. The smoothing torque control procedure is a “current control technique” operating in two cascaded phases. As first step it evaluates the value of the instantaneous reference current able to reduce to zero the torque oscillations magnitude. Afterwards, a simple model-based predictive algorithm computes the voltage reference values for the PWM motor supplying inverter. As in many other applications, the voltage predictive control provides better performance than PI or hysteresis controller because more homogeneous results can be yield for low and high speed (or load) operating conditions. Some cases-study are numerically investigated in order to validate the proposed control technique.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126607069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：