Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387419
E. Chiodo, Davide Lauria
In the paper some considerations are performed with respect to reliability and quality methodologies applied to transportation systems. These systems have to be considered as large complex systems in which the two aspects are closely related, and which experience fast variations in time, so that a satisfactory description must not disregard dynamic aspects. According to this philosophy, the authors propose an index, also directly oriented to customer satisfaction, which in a global way measures the quality of the system (here meant as “service” quality). This index is defined in a probabilistic way in terms of delay with respect to the scheduled timetable, by properly linking this aspect to the faults occurring in the system under investigation. Such approach allows to connect service quality with system reliability. The advantages of the proposed index are discussed and a numerical application is reported in order to demonstrate the main features of the proposed index, which can be expressed analytically under reasonable hypotheses, and also coincides in one case with an Extreme Value distribution function. Finally, hints at possible adoption of a Bayesian method for its estimation are provided. In the course of the paper, some misconception are highlighted which exist in literature about the interpretation and evaluation of common performance indexes such as failure (or hazard) rate and failure intensity.
{"title":"Stochastic index definition and estimation for reliability and quality assessment of transportation systems","authors":"E. Chiodo, Davide Lauria","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387419","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper some considerations are performed with respect to reliability and quality methodologies applied to transportation systems. These systems have to be considered as large complex systems in which the two aspects are closely related, and which experience fast variations in time, so that a satisfactory description must not disregard dynamic aspects. According to this philosophy, the authors propose an index, also directly oriented to customer satisfaction, which in a global way measures the quality of the system (here meant as “service” quality). This index is defined in a probabilistic way in terms of delay with respect to the scheduled timetable, by properly linking this aspect to the faults occurring in the system under investigation. Such approach allows to connect service quality with system reliability. The advantages of the proposed index are discussed and a numerical application is reported in order to demonstrate the main features of the proposed index, which can be expressed analytically under reasonable hypotheses, and also coincides in one case with an Extreme Value distribution function. Finally, hints at possible adoption of a Bayesian method for its estimation are provided. In the course of the paper, some misconception are highlighted which exist in literature about the interpretation and evaluation of common performance indexes such as failure (or hazard) rate and failure intensity.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128112134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387457
O. Wallmark, J. Galic, M. Jansson, H. Mosskull
Recently, the principle of indirect self control (ISC) has been shown to be suitable also for permanent-magnet motor drives. In this paper, which is a companion paper to [1], experimental results are presented which show that ISC is a robust and suitable control principle for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) in railway traction applications, also when the rotor position is not known but estimated. For PMSMs operating with a position sensor, the proposed method enables an improved system reliability if applied as a backup operation mode in the event of a failure of the position sensor.
{"title":"A robust sensorless control scheme for permanent-magnet motors in railway traction applications","authors":"O. Wallmark, J. Galic, M. Jansson, H. Mosskull","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387457","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the principle of indirect self control (ISC) has been shown to be suitable also for permanent-magnet motor drives. In this paper, which is a companion paper to [1], experimental results are presented which show that ISC is a robust and suitable control principle for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) in railway traction applications, also when the rotor position is not known but estimated. For PMSMs operating with a position sensor, the proposed method enables an improved system reliability if applied as a backup operation mode in the event of a failure of the position sensor.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125871979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387388
A. Griffo, D. Drury
Testing a piece of equipment under realistic operating conditions typical of a complex power system such as those for more electric aircraft application requires a significant effort in terms of costs and complexity of the experimental test rig. Significant advantages can be achieved by using the Power Hardware in-the-Loop (HIL) concept whereby the performances of a device under test are evaluated in an emulated environment of the remaining components of a complete system. This paper describes the application of the Power HIL concept to the emulation of a wound field synchronous generator of the type used in aircraft power systems. Modeling assumptions are detailed in the paper together with an experimental procedure for parameter extraction. The emulation is realized by a bespoke three phase MOSFET based inverter with appropriate output filters controlled by an FPGA based solution used for real time emulation.
{"title":"Hardware in the loop emulation of synchronous generators for aircraft power systems","authors":"A. Griffo, D. Drury","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387388","url":null,"abstract":"Testing a piece of equipment under realistic operating conditions typical of a complex power system such as those for more electric aircraft application requires a significant effort in terms of costs and complexity of the experimental test rig. Significant advantages can be achieved by using the Power Hardware in-the-Loop (HIL) concept whereby the performances of a device under test are evaluated in an emulated environment of the remaining components of a complete system. This paper describes the application of the Power HIL concept to the emulation of a wound field synchronous generator of the type used in aircraft power systems. Modeling assumptions are detailed in the paper together with an experimental procedure for parameter extraction. The emulation is realized by a bespoke three phase MOSFET based inverter with appropriate output filters controlled by an FPGA based solution used for real time emulation.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126581592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387481
L. Abrahamsson, S. Ostlund, L. Soder
In this paper a railway power system design based on an HVDC feeder is suggested. The converter stations between the public grid and the HVDC feeder can be sparsely distributed, in the range of 100 km or more, whereas the converters connecting the HVDC feeder to the catenary are distributed with a much closer spacing. The ratings of the catenary-connected ones can be lower than substation transformers or rotary converters, since the power conversion can be fully controlled. Simulations of the proposed solution show clear advantages regarding transmission losses and voltages compared to conventional systems, especially for cases with long catenary sections, and when there are substantial shares of regeneration from the trains.
{"title":"HVDC feeding with OPF and unit commitment for electric railways","authors":"L. Abrahamsson, S. Ostlund, L. Soder","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387481","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a railway power system design based on an HVDC feeder is suggested. The converter stations between the public grid and the HVDC feeder can be sparsely distributed, in the range of 100 km or more, whereas the converters connecting the HVDC feeder to the catenary are distributed with a much closer spacing. The ratings of the catenary-connected ones can be lower than substation transformers or rotary converters, since the power conversion can be fully controlled. Simulations of the proposed solution show clear advantages regarding transmission losses and voltages compared to conventional systems, especially for cases with long catenary sections, and when there are substantial shares of regeneration from the trains.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124158513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387455
D. M. A. Avila, B. Cougo, T. Meynard, G. Gateau, M. Mendes
This paper presents a reconfigurable parallel interleaved inverter connected through InterCell Transformers (ICT) and driving two separate and identical AC loads. The proposed system can be connected to both 270V and 540V bus DC available in aeronautical applications, without any difference in the system operation and with no need of oversizing switches, filters and passive components. This feature is achieved through the reconfiguration of the inverters, by connecting the DC link of each sub-system in parallel or in series. This paper also presents a study of the impact of differences between the two separate loads on the system behavior, especially with regard to the magnetic flux ripple in the ICTs and the capacitors voltage balance. Simulation and experimental results confirm the operation and effectiveness of the proposed system.
{"title":"Reconfigurable parallel interleaved three-phase inverter for aeronautical applications","authors":"D. M. A. Avila, B. Cougo, T. Meynard, G. Gateau, M. Mendes","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387455","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a reconfigurable parallel interleaved inverter connected through InterCell Transformers (ICT) and driving two separate and identical AC loads. The proposed system can be connected to both 270V and 540V bus DC available in aeronautical applications, without any difference in the system operation and with no need of oversizing switches, filters and passive components. This feature is achieved through the reconfiguration of the inverters, by connecting the DC link of each sub-system in parallel or in series. This paper also presents a study of the impact of differences between the two separate loads on the system behavior, especially with regard to the magnetic flux ripple in the ICTs and the capacitors voltage balance. Simulation and experimental results confirm the operation and effectiveness of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128229627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387404
A. Kara, K. Mardikyan, S. Baran
According to researches, the companies that operate long rail system lines are the major customers of the energy market. Therefore, most of the transportation companies are integrating regenerative braking technologies into railway operation systems. In this study, the application of regenerative braking energy to the operation system of metro transportation in Istanbul is analyzed. The power-supply system of Istanbul Metro is described in detail. The energy data and energy consumption levels in the rail system lines are given and discussed to optimize the energy demand for reducing the operating costs. In addition, the parameters affect the energy saving and regenerative energy in the urban rail operation system are analyzed and discussed.
{"title":"Application of regenerative braking energy to Istanbul metro operation system","authors":"A. Kara, K. Mardikyan, S. Baran","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387404","url":null,"abstract":"According to researches, the companies that operate long rail system lines are the major customers of the energy market. Therefore, most of the transportation companies are integrating regenerative braking technologies into railway operation systems. In this study, the application of regenerative braking energy to the operation system of metro transportation in Istanbul is analyzed. The power-supply system of Istanbul Metro is described in detail. The energy data and energy consumption levels in the rail system lines are given and discussed to optimize the energy demand for reducing the operating costs. In addition, the parameters affect the energy saving and regenerative energy in the urban rail operation system are analyzed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134176681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387493
A. Adebusuyi, L. Ashwood
This paper compares and contrasts three vehicle hybridisation projects that LiTHIUM BALANCE has had involvement in reviewing the actual running costs associated with these vehicles. The NEDC city cycle was used as a basis for comparison.
{"title":"A review of 3 hybridization options for light commercial and passenger vehicles","authors":"A. Adebusuyi, L. Ashwood","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387493","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares and contrasts three vehicle hybridisation projects that LiTHIUM BALANCE has had involvement in reviewing the actual running costs associated with these vehicles. The NEDC city cycle was used as a basis for comparison.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"291 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134576286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387422
A. Charalambous, G. Christidis, E. Tatakis
In this paper, the design and implementation of a 500W dc/dc boost converter using a SiC VJFET and a SiC Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) is investigated. Firstly, the converter is designed for stepping up a voltage of 48 V to 100 V. It is compared with an identical, more conventional boost converter that employs a Si MOSFET and a Si pn diode. An efficiency of 95.12% has been achieved by the SiC boost converter under nominal conditions. Secondly, the duty cycle is cranked up, as to investigate the maximum voltage step-up that can be attained by the implemented converter. A record-high voltage conversion ratio of 7.65 has been demonstrated, bringing the input of 48 V to 367.4 V, under a duty cycle of 0.88 and an efficiency of 90.91%. The great efficiency and voltage step-up allow for this simple boost converter, to be an affordable and appealing solution for every application where a voltage step-up is required, since it can save up energy, space and weight.
{"title":"Comparative study of the dc/dc boost converter with SiC and Si power devices","authors":"A. Charalambous, G. Christidis, E. Tatakis","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387422","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the design and implementation of a 500W dc/dc boost converter using a SiC VJFET and a SiC Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) is investigated. Firstly, the converter is designed for stepping up a voltage of 48 V to 100 V. It is compared with an identical, more conventional boost converter that employs a Si MOSFET and a Si pn diode. An efficiency of 95.12% has been achieved by the SiC boost converter under nominal conditions. Secondly, the duty cycle is cranked up, as to investigate the maximum voltage step-up that can be attained by the implemented converter. A record-high voltage conversion ratio of 7.65 has been demonstrated, bringing the input of 48 V to 367.4 V, under a duty cycle of 0.88 and an efficiency of 90.91%. The great efficiency and voltage step-up allow for this simple boost converter, to be an affordable and appealing solution for every application where a voltage step-up is required, since it can save up energy, space and weight.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133490457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387448
O. Veneri, F. Migliardini, C. Capasso, P. Corbo
This paper presents an overview of the most common electric propulsion and generation architectures for naval applications. This analysis was specifically devoted to ships in the range of length overall from boats of few meters up to mega-yachts of about 60 meters. The study starts with an analysis of the traditional technologies for the electric propulsion and generation for different typologies of ships, and then presents the main characteristics of new architectures to produce electric energy on board to supply either the on board auxiliaries and the electric propulsion systems. Finally, some details about the use and integration on board of renewable energy sources are reported.
{"title":"Overview of electric propulsion and generation architectures for naval applications","authors":"O. Veneri, F. Migliardini, C. Capasso, P. Corbo","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387448","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an overview of the most common electric propulsion and generation architectures for naval applications. This analysis was specifically devoted to ships in the range of length overall from boats of few meters up to mega-yachts of about 60 meters. The study starts with an analysis of the traditional technologies for the electric propulsion and generation for different typologies of ships, and then presents the main characteristics of new architectures to produce electric energy on board to supply either the on board auxiliaries and the electric propulsion systems. Finally, some details about the use and integration on board of renewable energy sources are reported.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129700621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-24DOI: 10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387437
C. Buccellay, C. Cecatiy, M. G. Cimoroni
Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) is a technique allowing the elimination of well defined harmonics by a complex signal, thus improving the quality of inverter output waveforms. SHE algorithms are very complex from a computational point as they consist of the solution of a set of nonlinear equations. This paper proposes two new approaches: (i) an analytical approach consisting of a graphical analysis allowing, in a 5-level inverter, the identification of all valid solutions; (ii) an iterative fixed point method applicable to 7-level inverters. Both the approaches, which can be easily implemented in real-time using digital controllers have been successfully verified through numerical simulations.
{"title":"Investigation about numerical methods for Selective Harmonics Elimination in cascaded multilevel inverters","authors":"C. Buccellay, C. Cecatiy, M. G. Cimoroni","doi":"10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ESARS.2012.6387437","url":null,"abstract":"Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) is a technique allowing the elimination of well defined harmonics by a complex signal, thus improving the quality of inverter output waveforms. SHE algorithms are very complex from a computational point as they consist of the solution of a set of nonlinear equations. This paper proposes two new approaches: (i) an analytical approach consisting of a graphical analysis allowing, in a 5-level inverter, the identification of all valid solutions; (ii) an iterative fixed point method applicable to 7-level inverters. Both the approaches, which can be easily implemented in real-time using digital controllers have been successfully verified through numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":243822,"journal":{"name":"2012 Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway and Ship Propulsion","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127024683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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