Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604483
A. Boni, G. Fontana, F. Pianegiani
Capacitive RF MEMS switches present several drawbacks such as high actuation voltages, slow switching times and time-varying performances, due to the deterioration of both their mechanical and electrical properties. Such characteristics justify the interest of the scientific community on the development of accurate measurement techniques to monitor the dynamic behavior of capacitive MEMS switches during continuous actuations. In this paper, a novel measurement system devoted to the time-domain characterization of capacitive MEMS switches is proposed. Moreover, an electrical model for such devices is introduced and its lumped elements are characterized by means of measurement results. The proposed test-bench allows to measure the modulus and the phase of both the incident and the reflected signals of a one-port transmission line based, where the port is represented by the capacitive MEMS device. The paper introduces a software tool based on LabVIEWtrade to compute the capacitance and the resistance values of the model as functions of time. In particular the tool transforms the measured signals in the frequency domain to compute the reflection coefficient by means of components depending on the fundamental frequency of the RF signal, thus neglecting spurious frequency components, out-band noise and harmonics due to interferences
{"title":"Time-Domain Modeling and Characterization of Capacitive MEMS Switches","authors":"A. Boni, G. Fontana, F. Pianegiani","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604483","url":null,"abstract":"Capacitive RF MEMS switches present several drawbacks such as high actuation voltages, slow switching times and time-varying performances, due to the deterioration of both their mechanical and electrical properties. Such characteristics justify the interest of the scientific community on the development of accurate measurement techniques to monitor the dynamic behavior of capacitive MEMS switches during continuous actuations. In this paper, a novel measurement system devoted to the time-domain characterization of capacitive MEMS switches is proposed. Moreover, an electrical model for such devices is introduced and its lumped elements are characterized by means of measurement results. The proposed test-bench allows to measure the modulus and the phase of both the incident and the reflected signals of a one-port transmission line based, where the port is represented by the capacitive MEMS device. The paper introduces a software tool based on LabVIEWtrade to compute the capacitance and the resistance values of the model as functions of time. In particular the tool transforms the measured signals in the frequency domain to compute the reflection coefficient by means of components depending on the fundamental frequency of the RF signal, thus neglecting spurious frequency components, out-band noise and harmonics due to interferences","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"2012 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121328019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604530
Guidong Liu, Yi Shen, Yan Wang, Ping He
This paper presents a novel approach based on neural networks to suppress propagating second harmonic in nonlinear imaging. Harmonic imaging can improve contrast between contrast agents and tissue when imaging microvasculature. However, the harmonics generated by the body decrease the contrast as the ultrasound signal propagates through it. Here, the method can improve contrast between contrast agents and the surrounding tissue for harmonic imaging. Simulations have shown the level of second harmonic signals can be reduced more using this method
{"title":"A Method of Propagating Second Harmonic Suppression with Neural Network in Ultrasonic Imaging","authors":"Guidong Liu, Yi Shen, Yan Wang, Ping He","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604530","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel approach based on neural networks to suppress propagating second harmonic in nonlinear imaging. Harmonic imaging can improve contrast between contrast agents and tissue when imaging microvasculature. However, the harmonics generated by the body decrease the contrast as the ultrasound signal propagates through it. Here, the method can improve contrast between contrast agents and the surrounding tissue for harmonic imaging. Simulations have shown the level of second harmonic signals can be reduced more using this method","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125097222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604538
M. Yeary, T. Yu, S. Nematifar, A. Shapiro
Remote sensing radar has shown to be an important tool to observe severe and hazardous weather and to provide operational forecasters prompt information of such rapidly evolving phenomena. Although the history of tornado measurements is long, there have been only a few successes in obtaining spectral signatures. This is largely because neither the technology to process spectra nor the technology to record voluminous amounts of time series data were available, except for a few customized systems. However, present day radar technology and computer resources are now advanced enough to study tornado spectral signature in a systematic manner. The research WSR-88D (weather surveillance radar) locally operated by the National Severe Storm Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman has the unique capability of collecting massive volumes of Level I time series data over many hours which provides a rich environment for evaluating our new post-processing algorithms. In this work, an approach of identifying tornado vortices in Doppler spectra is proposed and investigated through the use of neural networks
{"title":"Spectral Signature Calculations for Remote Sensing","authors":"M. Yeary, T. Yu, S. Nematifar, A. Shapiro","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604538","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing radar has shown to be an important tool to observe severe and hazardous weather and to provide operational forecasters prompt information of such rapidly evolving phenomena. Although the history of tornado measurements is long, there have been only a few successes in obtaining spectral signatures. This is largely because neither the technology to process spectra nor the technology to record voluminous amounts of time series data were available, except for a few customized systems. However, present day radar technology and computer resources are now advanced enough to study tornado spectral signature in a systematic manner. The research WSR-88D (weather surveillance radar) locally operated by the National Severe Storm Laboratory (NSSL) in Norman has the unique capability of collecting massive volumes of Level I time series data over many hours which provides a rich environment for evaluating our new post-processing algorithms. In this work, an approach of identifying tornado vortices in Doppler spectra is proposed and investigated through the use of neural networks","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114579562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604354
G. Bucci, E. Fiorucci, F. Ciancetta, F. Vegliò
This paper describes the development of a monitoring and managing system for a PEM fuel-cell (FC) stack. This is a stand-alone unit that embodies two microcontrollers, hardware and sensing circuits, an LCD and a numeric pad. The proposed system acquires the most important gas parameters: mass flow rate, pressure and temperature. The output current and voltage are also acquired. The system design complies with the requirements of a portable FC based application. Additionally, results obtained during the experimental test are presented
{"title":"A Microcontroller-Based System for the Monitoring of a Fuel Cell Stack","authors":"G. Bucci, E. Fiorucci, F. Ciancetta, F. Vegliò","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604354","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of a monitoring and managing system for a PEM fuel-cell (FC) stack. This is a stand-alone unit that embodies two microcontrollers, hardware and sensing circuits, an LCD and a numeric pad. The proposed system acquires the most important gas parameters: mass flow rate, pressure and temperature. The output current and voltage are also acquired. The system design complies with the requirements of a portable FC based application. Additionally, results obtained during the experimental test are presented","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123475852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604524
Qiang Wang, Yi Shen
In order to further enhance the hyperspectral image compression, a new scheme based on JPEG2000 and nonlinear correlation measurement is proposed, in which nonlinear correlation coefficient (NCC) is used to guarantee the relationship between every source image and its compressed image is the same. Using the method, all the source images will be compressed in such a way that each compressed image just maintains enough information which can satisfy the post- processing, while achieving the maximum compression ratio
{"title":"A JPEG2000 and Nonlinear Correlation Measurement Based Method to Enhance Hyperspectral Image Compression","authors":"Qiang Wang, Yi Shen","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604524","url":null,"abstract":"In order to further enhance the hyperspectral image compression, a new scheme based on JPEG2000 and nonlinear correlation measurement is proposed, in which nonlinear correlation coefficient (NCC) is used to guarantee the relationship between every source image and its compressed image is the same. Using the method, all the source images will be compressed in such a way that each compressed image just maintains enough information which can satisfy the post- processing, while achieving the maximum compression ratio","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122391629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604408
P. Broersen
Two different high order time series models represent a parametric spectral estimate that is exactly equal to the non-parametric periodogram. Hence, the raw material for parametric and for non-parametric spectral and autocorrelation analysis is the same. In non-parametric estimation, the periodogram is smoothed with a window to diminish or remove insignificant details. That gives a distortion to the details of all modified non-parametric estimates, defined by the shape and by the width of the window. In contrast, parametric time series models can eliminate higher order details without distorting the remaining lower order details. First, many candidate models are estimated, with different type and order. From those candidates, a single time series model is selected automatically, without user interaction. The selection of model order and model type with the ARMAsel algorithm lets the data speak and decide. Interesting alternative models are suggested by the estimated accuracies of all other candidates, in what can be called the language of the data
{"title":"ARMAsel as a Language for Random Data","authors":"P. Broersen","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604408","url":null,"abstract":"Two different high order time series models represent a parametric spectral estimate that is exactly equal to the non-parametric periodogram. Hence, the raw material for parametric and for non-parametric spectral and autocorrelation analysis is the same. In non-parametric estimation, the periodogram is smoothed with a window to diminish or remove insignificant details. That gives a distortion to the details of all modified non-parametric estimates, defined by the shape and by the width of the window. In contrast, parametric time series models can eliminate higher order details without distorting the remaining lower order details. First, many candidate models are estimated, with different type and order. From those candidates, a single time series model is selected automatically, without user interaction. The selection of model order and model type with the ARMAsel algorithm lets the data speak and decide. Interesting alternative models are suggested by the estimated accuracies of all other candidates, in what can be called the language of the data","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122726637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604321
L. Ding, M. El-Hennawey, R. Goubran
This paper investigates the effects of temporal clipping, which can result from voice activity detection (VAD), or echo canceller's nonlinear processor (NLP), on speech quality. Mean opinion score (MOS) is used as an index of speech quality. A nonintrusive algorithm, based on the clipping locations, is proposed to predict the speech quality. The algorithm shows excellent performance, the correlation coefficient between the prediction and the measurement is about 0.975, and the root mean square error for the prediction is 0.18 MOS
本文研究了由语音活动检测(VAD)或回波消除器的非线性处理器(NLP)引起的时间裁剪对语音质量的影响。平均意见分数(MOS)作为语音质量的指标。提出了一种基于剪切位置的非侵入式语音质量预测算法。该算法表现出优异的性能，预测结果与实测结果的相关系数约为0.975，预测结果的均方根误差为0.18 MOS
{"title":"Measurement of the Effects of Temporal clipping on Speech Quality","authors":"L. Ding, M. El-Hennawey, R. Goubran","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604321","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the effects of temporal clipping, which can result from voice activity detection (VAD), or echo canceller's nonlinear processor (NLP), on speech quality. Mean opinion score (MOS) is used as an index of speech quality. A nonintrusive algorithm, based on the clipping locations, is proposed to predict the speech quality. The algorithm shows excellent performance, the correlation coefficient between the prediction and the measurement is about 0.975, and the root mean square error for the prediction is 0.18 MOS","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128868542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604297
Jacek P. Dmochowski, R. Goubran
This paper examines microphone-array-based, combined beamformer-noise canceller structures. The performance of the structures is evaluated using computer simulation as well as experimental measurements. The inter-operation of the beamformer and noise canceller is studied by measuring the SNR improvements offered by the respective components. An experimental procedure for evaluating output SNR is presented: the desired signal is captured from a set location in the recording environment. The noise signal is measured from a second (generally different) location. Results reveal an SNR improvement of up to 17 dB, and are compared to those stemming from conventional approaches
本文研究了基于麦克风阵列的组合波束形成器-噪声消除器结构。利用计算机模拟和实验测量对结构的性能进行了评估。通过测量各自组件提供的信噪比改进，研究了波束形成器和消噪器的互操作。提出了一种评估输出信噪比的实验程序:从记录环境中的设定位置捕获所需的信号。噪声信号是从第二个(通常不同的)位置测量的。结果表明，与传统方法相比，该方法的信噪比提高了17 dB
{"title":"Combined Beamforming and Noise Cancellation","authors":"Jacek P. Dmochowski, R. Goubran","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604297","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines microphone-array-based, combined beamformer-noise canceller structures. The performance of the structures is evaluated using computer simulation as well as experimental measurements. The inter-operation of the beamformer and noise canceller is studied by measuring the SNR improvements offered by the respective components. An experimental procedure for evaluating output SNR is presented: the desired signal is captured from a set location in the recording environment. The noise signal is measured from a second (generally different) location. Results reveal an SNR improvement of up to 17 dB, and are compared to those stemming from conventional approaches","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128666120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604414
G. Araújo, R. Freire, J.F. da Silva, S. Catunda, G. Fontgalland
In this paper is analyzed the dependence of the temporal response of a thermoresistive sensor-based, feedback constant temperature circuit on the input offset voltage of the operational amplifier employed in the circuit. Experimental results of the performance evaluation of a proposed feedback automatic input offset control circuit are presented
{"title":"Dependence of a Thermoresistive Sensor-Based Constant Temperature Measurement Instrument Response on DC Amplifier Input Offset Voltage","authors":"G. Araújo, R. Freire, J.F. da Silva, S. Catunda, G. Fontgalland","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604414","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper is analyzed the dependence of the temporal response of a thermoresistive sensor-based, feedback constant temperature circuit on the input offset voltage of the operational amplifier employed in the circuit. Experimental results of the performance evaluation of a proposed feedback automatic input offset control circuit are presented","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129268440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604444
Y. Asfaw, A. Adler
Multisensor monitoring devices that use skin surface or implanted sensors are susceptible to changes in temperature, sweat, and movement, such that the measured data cannot be used. This paper presents an automatic approach to detect such erroneous sensors. It is based on the assumption that valid measurements are related by a reconstruction model, while measurements from erroneous sensors are unrelated. The method estimates the data at each sensor based on the measurements from all other sensors, and compares it to the measurements. The sensor-data match is tested using ANOVA to detect the presence of an erroneous sensor. The method was tested on simulated and experimental data of electrical impedance tomography (EFT) and showed consistent identification of erroneous electrodes
{"title":"Detection of Unreliable Measurements in Multi-sensor Devices","authors":"Y. Asfaw, A. Adler","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604444","url":null,"abstract":"Multisensor monitoring devices that use skin surface or implanted sensors are susceptible to changes in temperature, sweat, and movement, such that the measured data cannot be used. This paper presents an automatic approach to detect such erroneous sensors. It is based on the assumption that valid measurements are related by a reconstruction model, while measurements from erroneous sensors are unrelated. The method estimates the data at each sensor based on the measurements from all other sensors, and compares it to the measurements. The sensor-data match is tested using ANOVA to detect the presence of an erroneous sensor. The method was tested on simulated and experimental data of electrical impedance tomography (EFT) and showed consistent identification of erroneous electrodes","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"08 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130948218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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