The paper presents a low-cost real-time virtual spectrum analyzer design. The premises for creation of the real-time instrumentation are briefly presented. The details about the virtual analyzer design are proposed. Tests of the instrument are presented. Its time analysis is compared to the classical virtual spectrum analyzer's analysis
{"title":"A Low-Cost Real-Time Virtual Spectrum Analyzer","authors":"P. Bilski, W. Winiecki","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2007.908269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2007.908269","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a low-cost real-time virtual spectrum analyzer design. The premises for creation of the real-time instrumentation are briefly presented. The details about the virtual analyzer design are proposed. Tests of the instrument are presented. Its time analysis is compared to the classical virtual spectrum analyzer's analysis","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115346431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-10-08DOI: 10.1109/MIM.2007.4343564
A. Guadanama-Santana, A. García-Valenzuela
We show it is possible to measure both the dielectric constant and thickness of dielectric coating on a flat conducting substrate from two capacitance measurements. We discuss the principles of measurement, present numerical simulations, and a proof of principle experiment
{"title":"Determination of thickness and dielectric constant of coatings from capacitance measurements","authors":"A. Guadanama-Santana, A. García-Valenzuela","doi":"10.1109/MIM.2007.4343564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MIM.2007.4343564","url":null,"abstract":"We show it is possible to measure both the dielectric constant and thickness of dielectric coating on a flat conducting substrate from two capacitance measurements. We discuss the principles of measurement, present numerical simulations, and a proof of principle experiment","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128904222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-10-01DOI: 10.1109/SICE.2006.315304
K. Fujita, K. Tamura, W. Kaneko, T. Morikawa, Linh Tuong Nguyen, H. Ishizawa, E. Toba
This paper describes a new noninvasive measurement of blood glucose based on an optical sensing. This uses Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of attenuated total reflection. In order to study the influence of individual difference, the internal standard method was introduced. This paper describes the detail of the internal standard method and its effect to the blood glucose calibration. Significant improvement was obtained by using the internal standard
{"title":"Noninvasive Measurement of Blood Glucose Based on Optical Sensing and Internal Standard Method","authors":"K. Fujita, K. Tamura, W. Kaneko, T. Morikawa, Linh Tuong Nguyen, H. Ishizawa, E. Toba","doi":"10.1109/SICE.2006.315304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SICE.2006.315304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a new noninvasive measurement of blood glucose based on an optical sensing. This uses Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of attenuated total reflection. In order to study the influence of individual difference, the internal standard method was introduced. This paper describes the detail of the internal standard method and its effect to the blood glucose calibration. Significant improvement was obtained by using the internal standard","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126081203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We develop a service that allows the current IEEE 802.11b MAC protocol to perform dynamic packet sizing and forward error correction. Our service, called ERSMAC, is designed to allow the deployment of the IEEE 802.11b protocol in industrial environments characterized by high BER and fast time variation. ERSMAC uses a maximum likelihood estimate of the BER to solve for the optimal packet size that maximizes the success probability of transmissions while minimizing the overhead cost. ERSMAC also implements an adaptive forward error correction scheme using Reed-Solomon code such that every retransmission attempt has a higher probability of success than the previous attempt due to its association with a stronger RS code. Finally, we show, through simulations, that ERSMAC outperforms the original unmodified IEEE 802.11b protocol in terms of average throughput, average delay and efficiency
{"title":"Error Recovery Service for the IEEE 802.11B Protocol","authors":"M. Smadi, B. Szabados","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2006.876536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2006.876536","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a service that allows the current IEEE 802.11b MAC protocol to perform dynamic packet sizing and forward error correction. Our service, called ERSMAC, is designed to allow the deployment of the IEEE 802.11b protocol in industrial environments characterized by high BER and fast time variation. ERSMAC uses a maximum likelihood estimate of the BER to solve for the optimal packet size that maximizes the success probability of transmissions while minimizing the overhead cost. ERSMAC also implements an adaptive forward error correction scheme using Reed-Solomon code such that every retransmission attempt has a higher probability of success than the previous attempt due to its association with a stronger RS code. Finally, we show, through simulations, that ERSMAC outperforms the original unmodified IEEE 802.11b protocol in terms of average throughput, average delay and efficiency","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126091062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel technique for image denoising is presented. The proposed approach adopts multi-pass processing based on a two-parameter piecewise linear filter that aims at removing the noise without blurring the image structure. The accuracy of the filtering action is improved by an adaptive algorithm that avoids smoothing in presence of image details. A method for automatic parameter tuning based on image quality is also presented. Computer simulations show that the proposed approach yields very satisfactory results for images corrupted by Gaussian noise
{"title":"A Technique for Image Denoising Based on Adaptive Piecewise Linear Filters and Automatic Parameter Tuning","authors":"F. Russo","doi":"10.1109/TIM.2006.876404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2006.876404","url":null,"abstract":"A novel technique for image denoising is presented. The proposed approach adopts multi-pass processing based on a two-parameter piecewise linear filter that aims at removing the noise without blurring the image structure. The accuracy of the filtering action is improved by an adaptive algorithm that avoids smoothing in presence of image details. A method for automatic parameter tuning based on image quality is also presented. Computer simulations show that the proposed approach yields very satisfactory results for images corrupted by Gaussian noise","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125827577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604143
F. Maier, B. Zagar
In medical ultrasound the improvement of blood flow measurement accuracy is still a very demanding goal, because currently used ultrasonic pulsed-wave flowmeters cannot map low flow velocities patterns in the microvasculature. The scanner resolution is limited by the applied acoustic wavelength. Shorter wavelengths result in better scanning resolution and improved scattering characteristics of blood, but suffer an increasing attenuation in tissue, thereby reducing the useful interrogation depth. Such scanners are able to visualize superficial tissue up to a few centimeters deep depending on the particular wavelength and tissue properties. We present results shown as a 3D visualization of the volumetric flow velocity of pervaded tissue cuboid color-coded and we report on an in vivo experiment (human tissue).
{"title":"Scanning Ultrasonic PW-Flowmeter to Characterize In Vivo Vessel Structures","authors":"F. Maier, B. Zagar","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604143","url":null,"abstract":"In medical ultrasound the improvement of blood flow measurement accuracy is still a very demanding goal, because currently used ultrasonic pulsed-wave flowmeters cannot map low flow velocities patterns in the microvasculature. The scanner resolution is limited by the applied acoustic wavelength. Shorter wavelengths result in better scanning resolution and improved scattering characteristics of blood, but suffer an increasing attenuation in tissue, thereby reducing the useful interrogation depth. Such scanners are able to visualize superficial tissue up to a few centimeters deep depending on the particular wavelength and tissue properties. We present results shown as a 3D visualization of the volumetric flow velocity of pervaded tissue cuboid color-coded and we report on an in vivo experiment (human tissue).","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"71 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115638357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604284
J. Nystrom, B. Franzon
In this paper, a measurement system for making rapid measurements of moisture content, fuel mixture, volume and the bulk density of bio fuels is presented. The method uses radio frequency spectroscopy, and is a small scale version of what is intended to be used directly in the fuel containers arriving to the power plants. The advantages with the method are that it is fast and reliable, and it can be used for measuring mean value characteristics of large amounts of biofuel. Reflection characteristics for frequencies from 310 to 1300 MHz are simulated and measured for sawdust. The attenuation is evaluated in frequency and time domain. It is concluded that a calibration of the whole system is needed to compensate for disturbances in the test system. Both the surface and the bottom reflection are possible to detect in time domain. The simulated and measured attenuation in frequency domain have a similar periodic behavior up to around 800 MHz. Above 800 MHz the system is disturbed by the higher order modes
{"title":"Radio Frequency System for Measuring Characteristics of Biofuels","authors":"J. Nystrom, B. Franzon","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604284","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a measurement system for making rapid measurements of moisture content, fuel mixture, volume and the bulk density of bio fuels is presented. The method uses radio frequency spectroscopy, and is a small scale version of what is intended to be used directly in the fuel containers arriving to the power plants. The advantages with the method are that it is fast and reliable, and it can be used for measuring mean value characteristics of large amounts of biofuel. Reflection characteristics for frequencies from 310 to 1300 MHz are simulated and measured for sawdust. The attenuation is evaluated in frequency and time domain. It is concluded that a calibration of the whole system is needed to compensate for disturbances in the test system. Both the surface and the bottom reflection are possible to detect in time domain. The simulated and measured attenuation in frequency domain have a similar periodic behavior up to around 800 MHz. Above 800 MHz the system is disturbed by the higher order modes","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"15 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116898876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604067
J. Liu, W. Jone, S.R. Das
In modern deep sub-micron (DSM) circuits, signal crosstalk can arise between two long parallel wires. Dynamic programmable logic arrays (PLAs) may suffer crosstalk noises that will cause the circuit to malfunction due to charge loss. In this paper, based on the characteristics of dynamic PLA crosstalk noises, we present an automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) method to detect the maximum crosstalk noise for each product line. Experimental results obtained by simulating MCNC PLA benchmark circuits demonstrate the efficiency of the ATPG and method
{"title":"Crosstalk Test Pattern Generation for Dynamic Programmable Logic Arrays","authors":"J. Liu, W. Jone, S.R. Das","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604067","url":null,"abstract":"In modern deep sub-micron (DSM) circuits, signal crosstalk can arise between two long parallel wires. Dynamic programmable logic arrays (PLAs) may suffer crosstalk noises that will cause the circuit to malfunction due to charge loss. In this paper, based on the characteristics of dynamic PLA crosstalk noises, we present an automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) method to detect the maximum crosstalk noise for each product line. Experimental results obtained by simulating MCNC PLA benchmark circuits demonstrate the efficiency of the ATPG and method","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120880943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604310
Lijun Xu, Jun Han, Zhang Tao, Huaxiang Wang
In this paper, a dual-channel pseudo-random signal generator is presented for the calibration of cross-correlators such as cross-correlation-based flowmeters. In this signal generator, the two channels have completely identical hardware structures so that they generate two identical sequences of pseudo-random signals to simulate two signals obtained from the upstream and downstream sensors of a cross-correlator, respectively. Special control strategies both in hardware and software have been implemented in such a way that the control error of time delay between the two channels can be reduced to less than a microsecond. The shift frequency and sequence length of each signal channel and the time delay between the two channels can be adjusted in wide ranges to satisfy majority of practical requirements. The start/stop control of each channel of signal and adjustments of the above parameters are carried out by a microcontroller with a dedicated keyboard and an LED display. The instrument has been evaluated by using a digital storage oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS220). Results obtained show that the control precision of the time delay is better than 0.05% when the time delay is 1ms and over. Comparison with an E+H commercial noise signal generator and an MP noise generator shows that the error of the new generator is much smaller than those of the other two
{"title":"Dual-Channel Pseudo-Random Signal Generator with Precise Control of Time Delay between Channels","authors":"Lijun Xu, Jun Han, Zhang Tao, Huaxiang Wang","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604310","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a dual-channel pseudo-random signal generator is presented for the calibration of cross-correlators such as cross-correlation-based flowmeters. In this signal generator, the two channels have completely identical hardware structures so that they generate two identical sequences of pseudo-random signals to simulate two signals obtained from the upstream and downstream sensors of a cross-correlator, respectively. Special control strategies both in hardware and software have been implemented in such a way that the control error of time delay between the two channels can be reduced to less than a microsecond. The shift frequency and sequence length of each signal channel and the time delay between the two channels can be adjusted in wide ranges to satisfy majority of practical requirements. The start/stop control of each channel of signal and adjustments of the above parameters are carried out by a microcontroller with a dedicated keyboard and an LED display. The instrument has been evaluated by using a digital storage oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS220). Results obtained show that the control precision of the time delay is better than 0.05% when the time delay is 1ms and over. Comparison with an E+H commercial noise signal generator and an MP noise generator shows that the error of the new generator is much smaller than those of the other two","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127074782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-16DOI: 10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604160
G. D'Antona, L. Rocca
In the measurements practices, mathematical models and processing algorithms are usually formulated in terms of transformations between random vectors. This paper suggests the possibility of employing a novel approach to process measurement data based on transformations between random matrices. Measurements performed on distributed systems constitutes a case of relevant practical interest in which this kind of representation is more suited respect to the traditional vectorial one, since the physical quantities of interest are both space and time sampled. In particular, the proposed approach is applied to the case of indirectly measuring a time varying current density flowing inside a copper conductor
{"title":"Generalized Tikhonov Regularization for Measurement Data Processing Using Matrix Equations","authors":"G. D'Antona, L. Rocca","doi":"10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMTC.2005.1604160","url":null,"abstract":"In the measurements practices, mathematical models and processing algorithms are usually formulated in terms of transformations between random vectors. This paper suggests the possibility of employing a novel approach to process measurement data based on transformations between random matrices. Measurements performed on distributed systems constitutes a case of relevant practical interest in which this kind of representation is more suited respect to the traditional vectorial one, since the physical quantities of interest are both space and time sampled. In particular, the proposed approach is applied to the case of indirectly measuring a time varying current density flowing inside a copper conductor","PeriodicalId":244878,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127091446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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