Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique widely used in various applications especially in biomedical field. It constructs a high resolution 3-D image using multiple cross-sectional views. The axial resolution can be degraded if the sample is dispersive, which is usually true as most of the samples are living tissues. For time-domain OCT, this dispersion is minimized numerically by introducing a compensation filter, which is applied to the obtained signal in Wigner domain, a time-frequency domain. The filter is designed using simulated annealing optimization technique. This paper shows the design of the filter and the results of dispersion compensation.
{"title":"Dispersion compensation for optical coherence tomography","authors":"Ranida Wongpiya, W. Mohammed, S. Sherif","doi":"10.1117/12.863546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.863546","url":null,"abstract":"Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging technique widely used in various applications especially in biomedical field. It constructs a high resolution 3-D image using multiple cross-sectional views. The axial resolution can be degraded if the sample is dispersive, which is usually true as most of the samples are living tissues. For time-domain OCT, this dispersion is minimized numerically by introducing a compensation filter, which is applied to the obtained signal in Wigner domain, a time-frequency domain. The filter is designed using simulated annealing optimization technique. This paper shows the design of the filter and the results of dispersion compensation.","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114687458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electrokinetic transport behaviors of a particle in a microfluidic confined domain under thin electrical double layer (EDL) assumption are investigated. The focus is placed on transport velocity development of the particle. A finite element method based numerical simulation is employed to solve the model. The results indicate that the particle's density, domain width and zeta potential ratio of the wall to the particle are important to the particle's migration. Moreover, the dynamic flow field and vortex evolution within the confined domain are examined. It is found that the translational migration of the particle is significantly affected by electroosmotic flow (EOF) induced vortex flow within the domain.
{"title":"Numerical simulations of electrokinetic transport of a particle in a microfluidic confined domain","authors":"Qian Liang, Cunlu Zhao, Chun Yang, J. Miao","doi":"10.1117/12.861523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861523","url":null,"abstract":"The electrokinetic transport behaviors of a particle in a microfluidic confined domain under thin electrical double layer (EDL) assumption are investigated. The focus is placed on transport velocity development of the particle. A finite element method based numerical simulation is employed to solve the model. The results indicate that the particle's density, domain width and zeta potential ratio of the wall to the particle are important to the particle's migration. Moreover, the dynamic flow field and vortex evolution within the confined domain are examined. It is found that the translational migration of the particle is significantly affected by electroosmotic flow (EOF) induced vortex flow within the domain.","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121215874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chanachai Poosri, Atikrit Chanjavanakul, W. Mohammed
Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has gained wide interest as a viable microscopic technique for the study of surface properties at the nanoscale. SNOM uses optical fiber to detect evanescent wave which provides a high resolution imaging beyond the diffraction limit. The collected intensity is influenced by complex refractive index of the sample. This project exploits the property of evanescent wave to discriminate between unhybridized and hybridized DNA which has a significant difference in complex refractive index. The concept could become a promising alternative since it circumvents fluorescence-labeling problems. The research focuses on numerical modeling by mean of finitedifference beam propagation and DNA hybridization based on empirical data from literatures.
{"title":"Numerical modeling of scanning near-field optical microscopy for fluorescence-less DNA detection","authors":"Chanachai Poosri, Atikrit Chanjavanakul, W. Mohammed","doi":"10.1117/12.863533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.863533","url":null,"abstract":"Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) has gained wide interest as a viable microscopic technique for the study of surface properties at the nanoscale. SNOM uses optical fiber to detect evanescent wave which provides a high resolution imaging beyond the diffraction limit. The collected intensity is influenced by complex refractive index of the sample. This project exploits the property of evanescent wave to discriminate between unhybridized and hybridized DNA which has a significant difference in complex refractive index. The concept could become a promising alternative since it circumvents fluorescence-labeling problems. The research focuses on numerical modeling by mean of finitedifference beam propagation and DNA hybridization based on empirical data from literatures.","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130632204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technique which provides higher bit rate and efficient bandwidth. This paper presents an implementation of a 4/16/64 Order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Mapper-Demapper for 256 Sub channel OFDM Model on Xilinx SPARTAN 3E Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) series, using schematic approach. This QAMOFDM model is reconfigurable in term of its QAM order. The result shows that under the clock frequency around 262 MHz, the implementation works well, high precision is achieved at its serial output. A precision process conducted at 20 ns internal clock input period, with the 25 Mbps input bit rate requires 81.94 μs QAM processing-time. The implementation consumes about 80 % of the total FPGA slices (3736 slices).
{"title":"Schematic-based 4/16/64 order quadrature amplitude modulation mapper-demapper implementation for 256 subchannel orthogonal frequency division multiplexing model on FPGA Xilinx SPARTAN 3E","authors":".. Imaduddin, Budi Setiyanto, .. Litasari","doi":"10.1117/12.863863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.863863","url":null,"abstract":"Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a modulation technique which provides higher bit rate and efficient bandwidth. This paper presents an implementation of a 4/16/64 Order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) Mapper-Demapper for 256 Sub channel OFDM Model on Xilinx SPARTAN 3E Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) series, using schematic approach. This QAMOFDM model is reconfigurable in term of its QAM order. The result shows that under the clock frequency around 262 MHz, the implementation works well, high precision is achieved at its serial output. A precision process conducted at 20 ns internal clock input period, with the 25 Mbps input bit rate requires 81.94 μs QAM processing-time. The implementation consumes about 80 % of the total FPGA slices (3736 slices).","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126059596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. D. Hutagalung, Agnes S. Y. Tan, R. Tan, Y. Wahab
Silicon nanowires were synthesized by electroless etching of Si(100) wafer using a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and silver nitrate. The formation of nanowires was catalyzed by silver nanoclusters deposit through an exchange reaction in which both silicon oxidation and silver reduction occur simultaneously on silicon surface. The etchant concentration, etching temperature and duration were well controlled in this work to produce a high aspect ratio of silicon nanowires. The morphological observation indicated that the fabricated silicon nanowires grown vertically on silicon surface. Moreover, a various shapes of rounded-, rectangular-, and triangle-shape are obtained co-exist in the bundle of silicon nanowires.
{"title":"Vertically aligned silicon nanowires fabricated by electroless etching of silicon wafer","authors":"S. D. Hutagalung, Agnes S. Y. Tan, R. Tan, Y. Wahab","doi":"10.1117/12.861353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.861353","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon nanowires were synthesized by electroless etching of Si(100) wafer using a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and silver nitrate. The formation of nanowires was catalyzed by silver nanoclusters deposit through an exchange reaction in which both silicon oxidation and silver reduction occur simultaneously on silicon surface. The etchant concentration, etching temperature and duration were well controlled in this work to produce a high aspect ratio of silicon nanowires. The morphological observation indicated that the fabricated silicon nanowires grown vertically on silicon surface. Moreover, a various shapes of rounded-, rectangular-, and triangle-shape are obtained co-exist in the bundle of silicon nanowires.","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128381412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The influence of the Palmitoyl Pentapeptide (PPp) and Ceramide IIIB (Cm III B) as active ingredients on the droplet size of nano-emulsion was studied using different kinds of oil (avocado oil, sweet almond oil, jojoba oil, mineral oil and squalene). The formation of nano-emulsions were prepared in water mixed non ionic surfactant/oils system using the spontaneous emulsification mechanism. The aqueous solution, which consist of water and Tween® 20 as a hydrophilic surfactant was mixed homogenously. The organic solution, which consist of oil and Span® 80 as a lipophilic surfactant was mixed homogenously in ethanol. Ethanol was used as a water miscible solvent, which can help the formation of nano-emulsion. The oil phase (containing the blend of surfactant Span® 80, ethanol, oil and active ingredient) and the aqueous phase (containing water and Tween® 20) were separately prepared at room temperatures. The oil phase was slowly added into aqueous phase under continuous mechanical agitation (18000 rpm). All samples were subsequently homogenized with Ultra-Turrax for 30 minutes. The characterizations of nano-emulsion were carried out using photo-microscope and particle size analyzer. Addition of active ingredients on the formation of nano-emulsion gave smallest droplet size compared without active ingredients addition on the formation of nano-emulsion. Squalene oil with Palmitoyl Pentapeptide (PPm) and Ceramide IIIB (Cm IIIB) gave smallest droplet size (184.0 nm) compared without Palmitoyl Pentapeptide and Ceramide IIIB (214.9 nm), however the droplets size of the emulsion prepared by the other oils still in the range of nano-emulsion (below 500 nm). The stability of nano-emulsion was observed using two methods. In one method, the stability of nano-emulsion was observed for three months at temperature of 5°C and 50°C, while in the other method, the stability nano-emulsion was observed by centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 30 minutes. Nanoemulsion with active ingredient was remained stable even when stored until three months. Coalescence process between the droplets was not occurred significantly and droplet size was still below 500 nm. Over all, the emulsion remained stable, even it was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 30 minutes.
{"title":"Influence of palmitoyl pentapeptide and Ceramide III B on the droplet size of nanoemulsion","authors":"D. Sondari, A. Haryono, S. B. Harmami, A. Randy","doi":"10.1117/12.862919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862919","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the Palmitoyl Pentapeptide (PPp) and Ceramide IIIB (Cm III B) as active ingredients on the droplet size of nano-emulsion was studied using different kinds of oil (avocado oil, sweet almond oil, jojoba oil, mineral oil and squalene). The formation of nano-emulsions were prepared in water mixed non ionic surfactant/oils system using the spontaneous emulsification mechanism. The aqueous solution, which consist of water and Tween® 20 as a hydrophilic surfactant was mixed homogenously. The organic solution, which consist of oil and Span® 80 as a lipophilic surfactant was mixed homogenously in ethanol. Ethanol was used as a water miscible solvent, which can help the formation of nano-emulsion. The oil phase (containing the blend of surfactant Span® 80, ethanol, oil and active ingredient) and the aqueous phase (containing water and Tween® 20) were separately prepared at room temperatures. The oil phase was slowly added into aqueous phase under continuous mechanical agitation (18000 rpm). All samples were subsequently homogenized with Ultra-Turrax for 30 minutes. The characterizations of nano-emulsion were carried out using photo-microscope and particle size analyzer. Addition of active ingredients on the formation of nano-emulsion gave smallest droplet size compared without active ingredients addition on the formation of nano-emulsion. Squalene oil with Palmitoyl Pentapeptide (PPm) and Ceramide IIIB (Cm IIIB) gave smallest droplet size (184.0 nm) compared without Palmitoyl Pentapeptide and Ceramide IIIB (214.9 nm), however the droplets size of the emulsion prepared by the other oils still in the range of nano-emulsion (below 500 nm). The stability of nano-emulsion was observed using two methods. In one method, the stability of nano-emulsion was observed for three months at temperature of 5°C and 50°C, while in the other method, the stability nano-emulsion was observed by centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 30 minutes. Nanoemulsion with active ingredient was remained stable even when stored until three months. Coalescence process between the droplets was not occurred significantly and droplet size was still below 500 nm. Over all, the emulsion remained stable, even it was centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 30 minutes.","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116628122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Junlabhut, S. Phoojaruenchanachai, W. Pecharapa, S. Boonruang
Holographic lens is proposed as a light coupling device integrated in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor chips to concise the SPR optical system. Having a sub-wavelength pattern with an asymmetric profile, the lens couples light via a first order wave which excites the surface plasmon wave along the sensing spot. The design and fabrication process are included in this work, where a laser interference lithography technique is utilized as it requires only single step to write a lens' pattern. The preliminary result indicates the first order wave with 20% diffraction efficiency.
{"title":"Fabrication of holographic lens as a coupling device in surface plasmon resonance biosensor","authors":"P. Junlabhut, S. Phoojaruenchanachai, W. Pecharapa, S. Boonruang","doi":"10.1117/12.860379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860379","url":null,"abstract":"Holographic lens is proposed as a light coupling device integrated in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor chips to concise the SPR optical system. Having a sub-wavelength pattern with an asymmetric profile, the lens couples light via a first order wave which excites the surface plasmon wave along the sensing spot. The design and fabrication process are included in this work, where a laser interference lithography technique is utilized as it requires only single step to write a lens' pattern. The preliminary result indicates the first order wave with 20% diffraction efficiency.","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127256682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
THE PHENOMENON OF TRANSPIRATION, WHICH COMBINES EVAPORATION AND CAPILLARITY, COULD BE USED TO AUTONOMOUSLY AND SPONTANEOUSLY DRIVE FLOWS IN PUMP-LESS MICROFLUIDICS. WHILE PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN DIVERSE EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATIONS, NO COMPREHENSIVE THEORETICAL ANALYSIS HAS BEEN DONE ON THESE PROCESSES. HERE WE PERFORM PARAMETRIC STUDIES ON THE SYSTEM, WITH EMPHASIS ON STUDYING THE FEASIBILITY OF A LOW-COST VERSION OF TRANSPIRATION-BASED MICROFLUIDICS, WHICH COULD BE FABRICATED USING INEXPENSIVE AND READILY AVAILABLE MATERIALS (E.G. COTTON THREADS AND TISSUE PAPERS). OUR ANALYSIS IS PARTICULARLY FOCUSED ON THE GEOMETRIC VARIATION OF THE SYSTEM, INCLUDING THE RATIO BETWEEN CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF CAPILARRITY PARTS AND EVAPORATION PARTS, AS WELL AS THE WIND VELOCITY AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE EVAPORATOR AND ITS SURROUNDING AMBIENCE. OUR RESULTS SERVE AS GENERAL DESIGN GUIDES FOR LOW-COST TRANSPIRATION-BASED MICROFLUIDICS.
{"title":"Towards low-cost transpiration-based microfluidics","authors":"S. Murtyas","doi":"10.1117/12.863867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.863867","url":null,"abstract":"THE PHENOMENON OF TRANSPIRATION, WHICH COMBINES EVAPORATION AND CAPILLARITY, COULD BE USED TO AUTONOMOUSLY AND SPONTANEOUSLY DRIVE FLOWS IN PUMP-LESS MICROFLUIDICS. WHILE PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN DIVERSE EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATIONS, NO COMPREHENSIVE THEORETICAL ANALYSIS HAS BEEN DONE ON THESE PROCESSES. HERE WE PERFORM PARAMETRIC STUDIES ON THE SYSTEM, WITH EMPHASIS ON STUDYING THE FEASIBILITY OF A LOW-COST VERSION OF TRANSPIRATION-BASED MICROFLUIDICS, WHICH COULD BE FABRICATED USING INEXPENSIVE AND READILY AVAILABLE MATERIALS (E.G. COTTON THREADS AND TISSUE PAPERS). OUR ANALYSIS IS PARTICULARLY FOCUSED ON THE GEOMETRIC VARIATION OF THE SYSTEM, INCLUDING THE RATIO BETWEEN CROSS SECTIONAL AREA OF CAPILARRITY PARTS AND EVAPORATION PARTS, AS WELL AS THE WIND VELOCITY AT THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE EVAPORATOR AND ITS SURROUNDING AMBIENCE. OUR RESULTS SERVE AS GENERAL DESIGN GUIDES FOR LOW-COST TRANSPIRATION-BASED MICROFLUIDICS.","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128380434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied transparent organic light emitting diode (TOLED) with semitransparent cathode, Ca-Ag and optical enhanced passivation layer by annealing. The 8-hydroxyquinolatolithium (Liq) passivation layer improves the stability of Ca/Ag double layer, resulting in substantial increase of the efficiency by the enhanced transmittance and change brightness as electrode. Fabricated device was composed as followed structure, glass/ITO/2TNATA/α-NPD/Alq3:C545T (1%)/Bebq2/Ca-Ag. The passivation layer, Liq (40nm) was deposited on the device without broken vacuum before encapsulation with transparent glass sheets. Thermal annealing was carried out in oven at 80oC after encapsulation. At the device without passivation layer, annealing process made device to be deteriorated, such as to increase driving voltage from 6.8 V to 9.0 V at 10 mA/cm2 and to drop efficiency 14.89 cd/A to 10.81 cd/A as bottom view. This drop of properties was caused by oxidation of cathode. However, the organic passivation layer played enough roles to protect oxidation of cathode. The efficiency as bottom side view of device with passivation layer, it can be observed that the efficiency and driving voltage were improved from 13.95 cd/A (@ 6.45 V) to 15.32 cd/A (@ 4.60 V) at 10 mA/cm2 by annealing. Annealing process, in the device with passivation layer, made to increase the asymmetry of brightness through anode and cathode. So the ratio BBot/BTop of the emitted light through each electrode was changed from 2.26 to 4.33.
{"title":"Asymmetric brightness of transparent organic emitting device with passivation layer by annealing","authors":"Chan-Jae Lee, D. Choi, Jeongno Lee","doi":"10.1117/12.862637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.862637","url":null,"abstract":"We studied transparent organic light emitting diode (TOLED) with semitransparent cathode, Ca-Ag and optical enhanced passivation layer by annealing. The 8-hydroxyquinolatolithium (Liq) passivation layer improves the stability of Ca/Ag double layer, resulting in substantial increase of the efficiency by the enhanced transmittance and change brightness as electrode. Fabricated device was composed as followed structure, glass/ITO/2TNATA/α-NPD/Alq3:C545T (1%)/Bebq2/Ca-Ag. The passivation layer, Liq (40nm) was deposited on the device without broken vacuum before encapsulation with transparent glass sheets. Thermal annealing was carried out in oven at 80oC after encapsulation. At the device without passivation layer, annealing process made device to be deteriorated, such as to increase driving voltage from 6.8 V to 9.0 V at 10 mA/cm2 and to drop efficiency 14.89 cd/A to 10.81 cd/A as bottom view. This drop of properties was caused by oxidation of cathode. However, the organic passivation layer played enough roles to protect oxidation of cathode. The efficiency as bottom side view of device with passivation layer, it can be observed that the efficiency and driving voltage were improved from 13.95 cd/A (@ 6.45 V) to 15.32 cd/A (@ 4.60 V) at 10 mA/cm2 by annealing. Annealing process, in the device with passivation layer, made to increase the asymmetry of brightness through anode and cathode. So the ratio BBot/BTop of the emitted light through each electrode was changed from 2.26 to 4.33.","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121425631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Viphavakit, M. Sohail, N. Shrestha, P. Saengudomlert, W. Mohammed
From the past until now, a radio frequency technology takes an important role in a communication system. Optical wireless technology is gaining more importance and becoming a smart alternative in the communication systems since noise and interference problem issues can be minimized. This project aims to create a smart environment by using optical wireless technology with a color multiplexing scheme. RGB Light Emitting Diodes (RGB-LEDs) are used as a visible white light source as they are becoming the next generation of lamps. A color de-multiplexing scheme is applied at the receiver port.
{"title":"Creating a smart environment using optical wireless","authors":"C. Viphavakit, M. Sohail, N. Shrestha, P. Saengudomlert, W. Mohammed","doi":"10.1117/12.863455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.863455","url":null,"abstract":"From the past until now, a radio frequency technology takes an important role in a communication system. Optical wireless technology is gaining more importance and becoming a smart alternative in the communication systems since noise and interference problem issues can be minimized. This project aims to create a smart environment by using optical wireless technology with a color multiplexing scheme. RGB Light Emitting Diodes (RGB-LEDs) are used as a visible white light source as they are becoming the next generation of lamps. A color de-multiplexing scheme is applied at the receiver port.","PeriodicalId":245973,"journal":{"name":"Southeast Asian International Advances in Micro/Nano-technology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125387971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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