Soil liquefaction under initial shear stress induced by nearby slopes, embankments and superstructures causes large shear failure in the ground, leading to sliding, tilting and uneven settlement of the structures. In this study, a hollow torsional shear apparatus is used to investigate the effect of initial shear stress acting on horizontal plane on liquefaction behavior of medium to loose sand of relative density D r ≒ 30, 50% and fines content F c =0 ～ 30%. A series of test results have revealed that the liquefaction failure is categorized into five types; cyclic failure (CF) for α =0, cyclic biased failure (CBF) for small α , biased gradual failure (BGF) and biased sudden limited failure (BSLF) and biased sudden failure (BSF) for larger α . Among the 5 failure types, it is important to pay special attention to BSF type, which may develop abrupt strain increase due to initial shear stress by cyclic loading. In comparing with undrained monotonic loading tests, the mechanism of the abrupt BSF has been clarified. The angle of a yielding surface φ y ´ corresponding to the BSF has been studied under the effect of initial stresses for test specimens with different contractive behavior caused by parametrically changing fines content and relative density. It has been demonstrated that the BSF type failure is controlled by the angle φ y ´ reflecting contractive behavior of sand, irrespective of the magnitude of initial stress.
附近边坡、路堤和上部建筑引起的初始剪应力作用下的土壤液化，导致地面发生较大的剪切破坏，导致结构的滑动、倾斜和不均匀沉降。摘要利用空心扭剪仪，研究了水平面上初始剪切应力对相对密度D r≒30,50%，细粒含量F c =0 ~ 30%的中松散砂液化行为的影响。一系列试验结果表明，液化破坏可分为五种类型;当α =0时，循环失效(CF)，当α较小时，循环偏置失效(CBF)，当α较大时，偏置渐进式失效(BGF)和偏置突发性有限失效(BSLF)和偏置突发性失效(BSF)。在5种破坏类型中，需要特别注意的是BSF类型，它可能由于循环加载的初始剪切应力而产生突变应变增加。通过与不排水单调加载试验的比较，阐明了突变体滑移的机理。对细粒含量和相对密度随参数变化而产生不同收缩特性的试样，在初始应力的作用下，研究了屈服面φ y´对应的屈服面角。研究表明，与初始应力大小无关，BSF型破坏受反映砂土收缩特性的φ y´角控制。
{"title":"Effect of Initial Shear Stress on liquefaction failure and shear strain development by Hollow Cylindrical Torsional Shear Tests","authors":"R. Arai, T. Kokusho, T. Kusaka","doi":"10.3208/JGS.10.213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/JGS.10.213","url":null,"abstract":"Soil liquefaction under initial shear stress induced by nearby slopes, embankments and superstructures causes large shear failure in the ground, leading to sliding, tilting and uneven settlement of the structures. In this study, a hollow torsional shear apparatus is used to investigate the effect of initial shear stress acting on horizontal plane on liquefaction behavior of medium to loose sand of relative density D r ≒ 30, 50% and fines content F c =0 ～ 30%. A series of test results have revealed that the liquefaction failure is categorized into five types; cyclic failure (CF) for α =0, cyclic biased failure (CBF) for small α , biased gradual failure (BGF) and biased sudden limited failure (BSLF) and biased sudden failure (BSF) for larger α . Among the 5 failure types, it is important to pay special attention to BSF type, which may develop abrupt strain increase due to initial shear stress by cyclic loading. In comparing with undrained monotonic loading tests, the mechanism of the abrupt BSF has been clarified. The angle of a yielding surface φ y ´ corresponding to the BSF has been studied under the effect of initial stresses for test specimens with different contractive behavior caused by parametrically changing fines content and relative density. It has been demonstrated that the BSF type failure is controlled by the angle φ y ´ reflecting contractive behavior of sand, irrespective of the magnitude of initial stress.","PeriodicalId":246019,"journal":{"name":"Jiban Kogaku Janaru (japanese Geotechnical Journal)","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121090603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Noguchi, Masanori Tanaka, Y. Watabe, S. Sakajo, T. Sadamura
{"title":"Verification of 3-D visualization of ground at Tokyo International Airport","authors":"T. Noguchi, Masanori Tanaka, Y. Watabe, S. Sakajo, T. Sadamura","doi":"10.3208/JGS.6.69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/JGS.6.69","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246019,"journal":{"name":"Jiban Kogaku Janaru (japanese Geotechnical Journal)","volume":"477 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116381953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of liquefaction resistances in sand improved by calcium carbonate precipitated","authors":"Kazuyuki Hayashi, M. Okamura, H. Yasuhara","doi":"10.3208/JGS.5.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/JGS.5.391","url":null,"abstract":"炭酸カルシウム結晶を析出させた砂の液状化特性を明らかにするため，ゆるい炭酸カルシウム析出砂の非排水繰返し三軸試験を行った。また，析出した結晶による砂粒子間のボンディング形成の有無が液状化抵抗に及ぼす影響を調べるため，結晶析出砂を撹乱・再構成し，ボンディングの効果を除去した供試体の試験も行った。その結果，砂供試体中に析出した結晶は，ゆるい砂の液状化強度・変形特性を著しく改善することが分かった。液状化強度の増加は，結晶により形成されたボンディングが主たる要因であること，結晶析出砂の液状化強度は，正規化せん断弾性係数と液状化強度の関係を基に評価できることが明らかとなった。","PeriodicalId":246019,"journal":{"name":"Jiban Kogaku Janaru (japanese Geotechnical Journal)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116471194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Muto, Takashi Kamiya, A. Naganuma, T. Kodaka, C. Ying, M. Nakano, T. Noda
{"title":"Small-Scale Pull-out Test of The Reinforcement Member Incorporating Both Friction Resistance and Bearing Resistance","authors":"H. Muto, Takashi Kamiya, A. Naganuma, T. Kodaka, C. Ying, M. Nakano, T. Noda","doi":"10.3208/JGS.11.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/JGS.11.201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246019,"journal":{"name":"Jiban Kogaku Janaru (japanese Geotechnical Journal)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125704764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation and future prediction on the infiltration of de-icing agent into groundwater based on advection-dispersion analysis","authors":"J. Hada, K. Sasaki, T. Moroizumi, M. Nishigaki","doi":"10.3208/JGS.11.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/JGS.11.269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246019,"journal":{"name":"Jiban Kogaku Janaru (japanese Geotechnical Journal)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128769532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new method for strain measurement of rock with conductive rubber","authors":"T. Matsushita, M. Osada, T. Takemura","doi":"10.3208/JGS.3.287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/JGS.3.287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246019,"journal":{"name":"Jiban Kogaku Janaru (japanese Geotechnical Journal)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127459705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Tani, K. Matsushita, T. Hashimoto, Akira Yamamoto, Hidekatsu Takeuchi, T. Noda, H. Kiku, Jun Obayashi, T. Kiyota
{"title":"Mitigation of liquefaction-induced damage to residential houses by surface ground improvement and its cost evaluation","authors":"K. Tani, K. Matsushita, T. Hashimoto, Akira Yamamoto, Hidekatsu Takeuchi, T. Noda, H. Kiku, Jun Obayashi, T. Kiyota","doi":"10.3208/JGS.9.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/JGS.9.533","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246019,"journal":{"name":"Jiban Kogaku Janaru (japanese Geotechnical Journal)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130401797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal arrangement of sampling location for evaluating soil contamination under the informative condition","authors":"O. Bannai, Rumi Iwata, M. Yoneda, S. Morisawa","doi":"10.3208/JGS.2.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/JGS.2.113","url":null,"abstract":"土壌汚染概況調査を行う場合，対象領域について何らかの土壌汚染に関する情報が存在している場合が多い。本研究では条件付き確率分布を用いた土壌採取地点の評価関数を用い，事前情報を組み込んだ最適な地点配置を決定し，事前情報を利用する方法の有効性について検討した。あいまいな事前情報を組み込んだサンプリング地点配置を探索した結果，事前情報なしにより決定した地点配置よりも適した配置となることが明らかとなった。土壌汚染概況調査を行う場合に一度に全採取地点を決定するよりも多段階に分けて採取し前の段階の実測データを基にして次の段階の地点配置を決定する手法の有効性を明らかにした。","PeriodicalId":246019,"journal":{"name":"Jiban Kogaku Janaru (japanese Geotechnical Journal)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130742771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of strength control in cement-stabilization of muddy soil accompanying changes of water content and grading","authors":"Akira Kitajima, S. Fukushima, S. Tani, Jyun Gonoi, K. Sakamaki","doi":"10.3208/JGS.2.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3208/JGS.2.253","url":null,"abstract":"フィルダムでは貯水池や流入河川の規模が大きく砂礫のような粗粒土が流れ込みやすく，池内には粗粒から細粒までの広範囲な粒度の底泥土が堆積し，底泥土を固化処理して築堤土とする場合の強度管理に含水比だけでなく粒度の影響も考慮しなければならない。筆者らはこれまでにフィルダムの堤体改修に池内に堆積した底泥土を固化処理して築堤土として利用する場合を想定し，室内試験により底泥土の固化処理強度に及ぼす含水比と粒度の影響を調べ，これらの影響を考慮した強度管理法を提案してきた。本稿は，著者らにより提案された「強度管理法」の適用性を，実際の池内に堆積していた含水比と粒度の異なる3種類の底泥土を用いて実施工レベルで実施した現場固化・盛土試験により確認した結果を示した。","PeriodicalId":246019,"journal":{"name":"Jiban Kogaku Janaru (japanese Geotechnical Journal)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116789437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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