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Bacteriological contamination due to onsite sanitation problems in Sumbawa 松巴哇的现场卫生问题造成的细菌污染
D. Mardhia, S. Sukarne, G. Gunawan
To evaluate the bacteriological contamination of groundwater wells due to onsite sanitation in Jempol coast, a survey was conducted in order to measure the concentration of E. coli, and fecal coliform indicators, as well as the presence of viruses, generally infect the human. Groundwater specimens were collected from twenty-five wells in Jempol coast and were analyzed for the presence of E. coli and fecal coliform. Dominantly, bacteriological analysis results were in accordance with the Indonesian standards based on Permenkes RI no no 416/MENKES/PER/XI/1990 Occasionally, bacteriological contaminations were found in all sites. E. coli were found in all samples, respectively. Twenty-one samples (84%) were positive contaminated by Escherichia coli, and nineteen samples (76%) were positive contaminated by Faecal coliform. The overall data showed that groundwater well is impacted by human viruses. Both bacterial as indicators of pollution that have high predictive capability for the presence of other human viruses in a groundwater well. The distance of onsite sanitation analysed was closely related to the presence of the bacterial indicator and viruses. Appropriate and effective actions must be taken to improve water quality and reduce public health risk.To evaluate the bacteriological contamination of groundwater wells due to onsite sanitation in Jempol coast, a survey was conducted in order to measure the concentration of E. coli, and fecal coliform indicators, as well as the presence of viruses, generally infect the human. Groundwater specimens were collected from twenty-five wells in Jempol coast and were analyzed for the presence of E. coli and fecal coliform. Dominantly, bacteriological analysis results were in accordance with the Indonesian standards based on Permenkes RI no no 416/MENKES/PER/XI/1990 Occasionally, bacteriological contaminations were found in all sites. E. coli were found in all samples, respectively. Twenty-one samples (84%) were positive contaminated by Escherichia coli, and nineteen samples (76%) were positive contaminated by Faecal coliform. The overall data showed that groundwater well is impacted by human viruses. Both bacterial as indicators of pollution that have high predictive capability for the presence of other human vir...
为了评价珍浦海岸现场卫生设施对地下水水井造成的细菌污染,进行了一项调查,以测量大肠杆菌的浓度,粪便大肠菌群指标以及病毒的存在,这些通常会感染人类。从詹波尔海岸的25口井中收集了地下水标本,并分析了大肠杆菌和粪便大肠菌群的存在。所有样品中均检出大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌阳性21份(84%),粪大肠菌群阳性19份(76%)。总体数据表明,地下水井受到了人类病毒的影响。这两种细菌作为污染指标,对地下水井中其他人类病毒的存在有很高的预测能力。现场卫生分析的距离与细菌指示物和病毒的存在密切相关。必须采取适当和有效的行动,改善水质,减少公共健康风险。为了评价珍浦海岸现场卫生设施对地下水水井造成的细菌污染,进行了一项调查,以测量大肠杆菌的浓度,粪便大肠菌群指标以及病毒的存在,这些通常会感染人类。从詹波尔海岸的25口井中收集了地下水标本,并分析了大肠杆菌和粪便大肠菌群的存在。所有样品中均检出大肠杆菌。大肠杆菌阳性21份(84%),粪大肠菌群阳性19份(76%)。总体数据表明,地下水井受到了人类病毒的影响。这两种细菌作为污染指标,对其他人类病毒的存在有很高的预测能力。
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引用次数: 4
Project-based learning on media development course to improve creativity of prospective physics teacher 媒介发展课程项目式学习提高准物理教师创造力
G. Gunawan, A. Harjono, H. Sahidu, M. Taufik, L. Herayanti
The development of learning media is one way to train the creativity of prospective physics. Creativity can be developed through a planned lecture program, one of which is through lectures on the development of physics learning media. The purpose of this study was to discuss project-based learning in training on media development for the creativity of prospective physics teachers. This study included experimental research. There were three students involved in this study. Each class is divided into several groups for the development of physics learning media. In total, there were 21 groups involved during this study, with various types of projects between each group. A group representative presents each product. The instrument used to measure creativity is a reasoned multiple choice test of 20 questions each for verbal, figural, numerical, and procedural creativity tests. Observation sheets are also prepared to assess the process and implementation of learning. The results of the study show that student creativity has increased in all aspects. Figural creativity has the highest average score, and numerical creativity has the lowest average score from other aspects.The development of learning media is one way to train the creativity of prospective physics. Creativity can be developed through a planned lecture program, one of which is through lectures on the development of physics learning media. The purpose of this study was to discuss project-based learning in training on media development for the creativity of prospective physics teachers. This study included experimental research. There were three students involved in this study. Each class is divided into several groups for the development of physics learning media. In total, there were 21 groups involved during this study, with various types of projects between each group. A group representative presents each product. The instrument used to measure creativity is a reasoned multiple choice test of 20 questions each for verbal, figural, numerical, and procedural creativity tests. Observation sheets are also prepared to assess the process and implementation of learning. The results of the study show that student c...
发展学习媒体是培养前瞻性物理学生创造力的途径之一。创造力可以通过一个有计划的讲座来发展,其中一个是通过物理学习媒体发展的讲座。摘要本研究旨在探讨专案式学习在未来物理教师媒体发展训练中的应用。这项研究包括实验研究。有三个学生参与了这项研究。每堂课分成几个小组,开发物理学习媒介。本次研究共涉及21个小组,每个小组之间有不同类型的项目。每个产品都有一个小组代表介绍。用来衡量创造力的工具是一个有20个问题的理性选择题测试,每个问题包括语言、图形、数字和程序创造力测试。还编写了观察表,以评估学习的过程和执行情况。研究结果表明,学生的创造力在各方面都有所提高。数字创意的平均分最高,其他方面的平均分最低。发展学习媒体是培养前瞻性物理学生创造力的途径之一。创造力可以通过一个有计划的讲座来发展,其中一个是通过物理学习媒体发展的讲座。摘要本研究旨在探讨专案式学习在未来物理教师媒体发展训练中的应用。这项研究包括实验研究。有三个学生参与了这项研究。每堂课分成几个小组,开发物理学习媒介。本次研究共涉及21个小组,每个小组之间有不同类型的项目。每个产品都有一个小组代表介绍。用来衡量创造力的工具是一个有20个问题的理性选择题测试,每个问题包括语言、图形、数字和程序创造力测试。还编写了观察表,以评估学习的过程和执行情况。研究结果表明,学生c…
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引用次数: 7
The contribution of robotics education in primary schools: Teaching and learning 小学机器人教育的贡献:教与学
A. Lathifah, C. Budiyanto, R. Yuana
The adoption of robotics in education has increasingly gained attention. Robotics activities can be applied in any level of education since the early childhood up to, starting in primary schools until graduate schools. Besides, the concept of STEM learning is still a trending issue in the world of education. STEM-based learning with robotics can develop knowledge and the awareness of robotics for students. Notwithstanding the vast literature on adoption of robotics into the educational context activities, there is a possibility of a limited lack of explanation on how robotics contribute in the STEM learning environment at primary school. A systematic literature review was carried out to evaluate the latest developments of robotics topics in the literature. It is prominent in the literature that robotics contribute to teaching and learning in primary schools. Teachers indicated positive responses to robotics due to the ability to attract students’ attention and motivation. However, negative responses were recorded for because in the learning process robotics activities took a long time. Robotics activities ranging from assembling, programming, and testing robots can build the skills needed for students in the 21st century. Project-based learning model (PJBL) advocated as the suitable learning model for robotics facilitated education. The interaction between educators and students are collaboratively implemented rather than cooperative. Apart from a deeper literature review, the number of articles that appear in keywords is quite limited. Future research needs to be expanded into more comprehensive keywords and in a broader context.
机器人技术在教育中的应用越来越受到关注。机器人活动可以应用于任何层次的教育,从幼儿到小学,直到研究生院。此外,STEM学习的概念仍然是教育界的一个趋势问题。基于stem的机器人学习可以培养学生对机器人的知识和意识。尽管有大量关于将机器人技术应用于教育活动的文献,但对于机器人技术如何在小学的STEM学习环境中做出贡献,可能缺乏有限的解释。通过系统的文献综述,对文献中机器人主题的最新进展进行了评价。在文献中,机器人对小学教学的贡献是突出的。由于机器人能够吸引学生的注意力和动力,教师们对机器人做出了积极的反应。然而,消极的反应被记录下来,因为在学习过程中机器人活动花费了很长时间。机器人活动包括组装、编程和测试机器人,可以培养21世纪学生所需的技能。基于项目的学习模式(Project-based learning model, PJBL)被认为是适合机器人辅助教育的学习模式。教育者和学生之间的互动是协同的,而不是合作的。除了更深入的文献综述之外,关键词中出现的文章数量非常有限。未来的研究需要扩展到更全面的关键词和更广泛的背景下。
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引用次数: 10
Kinetic aspect of direct violet adsorption on M2+/M3+ (M2+: Zn; M3+: Al, Fe, Cr) layered double hydroxides 紫外光对M2+/M3+ (M2+: Zn)直接吸附的动力学研究M3+: Al, Fe, Cr)层状双氢氧化物
N. Palapa, T. Taher, R. Mohadi, A. Lesbani
As we know, synthetic dye such as direct violet is harmful to the environment. Synthetic dyes were adsorption using layered double hydroxides has been studied. The layered double hydroxides used were Zn/Al, Zn/Fe, and Zn/Cr, which were successfully synthesized using the co-precipitation method by adjusting at pH 10. Three obtained layered double hydroxide samples were characterized using X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and surface area analysis by BET methods. The adsorption of direct violet onto Zn/Al, Zn/Fe and Zn/Cr layered double hydroxides. Based on the kinetics study, the result was tested using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The best models fit obtained with pseudo-second-order kinetics models.As we know, synthetic dye such as direct violet is harmful to the environment. Synthetic dyes were adsorption using layered double hydroxides has been studied. The layered double hydroxides used were Zn/Al, Zn/Fe, and Zn/Cr, which were successfully synthesized using the co-precipitation method by adjusting at pH 10. Three obtained layered double hydroxide samples were characterized using X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and surface area analysis by BET methods. The adsorption of direct violet onto Zn/Al, Zn/Fe and Zn/Cr layered double hydroxides. Based on the kinetics study, the result was tested using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order. The best models fit obtained with pseudo-second-order kinetics models.
众所周知,合成染料如直接紫对环境是有害的。研究了层状双氧水对合成染料的吸附。采用共沉淀法在pH值为10的条件下成功合成了Zn/Al、Zn/Fe和Zn/Cr层状双氢氧化物。利用x射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和BET法对得到的三种层状双氢氧化物样品进行了表征。直接紫外光在Zn/Al、Zn/Fe和Zn/Cr层状双氧水滑石上的吸附。在动力学研究的基础上,用拟一阶和拟二阶对结果进行了检验。拟合最佳的模型是拟二阶动力学模型。众所周知,合成染料如直接紫对环境是有害的。研究了层状双氧水对合成染料的吸附。采用共沉淀法在pH值为10的条件下成功合成了Zn/Al、Zn/Fe和Zn/Cr层状双氢氧化物。利用x射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和BET法对得到的三种层状双氢氧化物样品进行了表征。直接紫外光在Zn/Al、Zn/Fe和Zn/Cr层状双氧水滑石上的吸附。在动力学研究的基础上,用拟一阶和拟二阶对结果进行了检验。拟合最佳的模型是拟二阶动力学模型。
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引用次数: 3
Learning management system for eco literacy enhancement: The effectiveness of adopting Lewinshon indicators as an additional standard of competence 提高生态素养的学习管理系统:采用Lewinshon指标作为能力附加标准的有效性
Andy Bagus Alfianto, P. Karyanto, Harlita
The importance of environmental education in building beliefs, understanding, and human ecological behavior. Environmental education directed to conserve sustainable through positive impact education on the environment. The purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of Learning Management System (LMS) to eco-literacy. Research technique used is LMS development research with the ADDIE Dick & Carry (1996) model. The implementation this research is carried out in five stages, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The parameters observed are student eco-literacy measured by knowledge, concern, and attitude. The results showed that the Learning Management System by using Lewinshon criteria can improve the ability of Eco-Literacy, especially in the attitude of caring for the environment. Learning with Learning Management System refers to the Lewinshon criteria that can improve the ability of Eco-Literacy. Learning Management Learning System with Lewinshon criteria can be used as a reference in subsequent research.The importance of environmental education in building beliefs, understanding, and human ecological behavior. Environmental education directed to conserve sustainable through positive impact education on the environment. The purpose of this research is to find out the effectiveness of Learning Management System (LMS) to eco-literacy. Research technique used is LMS development research with the ADDIE Dick & Carry (1996) model. The implementation this research is carried out in five stages, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The parameters observed are student eco-literacy measured by knowledge, concern, and attitude. The results showed that the Learning Management System by using Lewinshon criteria can improve the ability of Eco-Literacy, especially in the attitude of caring for the environment. Learning with Learning Management System refers to the Lewinshon criteria that can improve the ability of Eco-Literacy. Learning Management Learning System with Lewinshon criteria...
环境教育在建立信念、理解和人类生态行为方面的重要性。环境教育旨在通过对环境产生积极影响的教育来保护可持续发展。本研究的目的是为了了解学习管理系统(LMS)对生态素养的有效性。使用的研究技术是使用ADDIE Dick & Carry(1996)模型进行LMS开发研究。本研究的实施分五个阶段进行,即:分析、设计、开发、实施和评估。观察到的参数是通过知识,关注和态度衡量的学生生态素养。结果表明,采用Lewinshon准则的学习管理系统可以提高学生的生态素养能力,特别是在关爱环境的态度方面。学习管理系统指的是能够提高生态素养能力的Lewinshon标准。基于Lewinshon准则的学习管理系统可以作为后续研究的参考。环境教育在建立信念、理解和人类生态行为方面的重要性。环境教育旨在通过对环境产生积极影响的教育来保护可持续发展。本研究的目的是为了了解学习管理系统(LMS)对生态素养的有效性。使用的研究技术是使用ADDIE Dick & Carry(1996)模型进行LMS开发研究。本研究的实施分五个阶段进行,即:分析、设计、开发、实施和评估。观察到的参数是通过知识,关注和态度衡量的学生生态素养。结果表明,采用Lewinshon准则的学习管理系统可以提高学生的生态素养能力,特别是在关爱环境的态度方面。学习管理系统指的是能够提高生态素养能力的Lewinshon标准。学习管理学习系统与Lewinshon标准…
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引用次数: 2
Coral cover percentage for sustainable marine protected area management in Tidung Island Tidung岛可持续海洋保护区管理的珊瑚覆盖百分比
Cindewiyani, H. Herdiansyah, M. Patria
Coral reef health is an important indicator for the assessment of sustainable protected coral reef management and conservation. Indicator will include some community properties namely coral cover and life forms. Coral cover information is basic data in sustainable marine protected area management. This study aims to determine coral cover in the marine protected area of Tidung Island, Seribu Islands. Data retrieval was carried out in the highly protected area with 3 repetitions at a depth of 5 to 10 meters using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method. The results showed that the lifeform was dominated by Coral Foliose (62.56%), other than that it was identified as Coral Encrusting, Acropora Branching, Coral Branching, Coral Massive, Coral Mushroom, and Coral Submassive. Observations identified 9 family and 15 genera with excellent hard coral cover percentage (82%). Coral cover percentage others consisting of abiotic (4.11%), algae (0.85%), dead coral with algae (4.41%), soft coral (3.31%), sponge (2.27%), others (3.05%). Marine protected areas are prohibited areas for tourism and fisheries, nevertheless, with a high percentage of coral cover, Tidung Island MPA can be a spawning ground, feeding ground, nursery ground, thus will creating new fishing grounds which indirectly has an impact on improving the community economy from fish catches.
珊瑚礁健康状况是评价受保护珊瑚礁可持续管理和养护的重要指标。指标将包括一些群落属性,即珊瑚覆盖和生命形式。珊瑚覆盖信息是海洋保护区可持续管理的基础数据。本研究旨在确定西笠岛Tidung岛海洋保护区的珊瑚覆盖率。采用线截样带(Line - Intercept Transect, LIT)方法,在高度保护区5 ~ 10米深度重复3次进行数据检索。结果表明:除壳状珊瑚、枝状珊瑚、枝状珊瑚、块状珊瑚、蘑菇状珊瑚和亚块状珊瑚外,其余生活型以叶状珊瑚为主(62.56%);观察发现9科15属的硬珊瑚覆盖率优良(82%)。珊瑚覆盖百分比其他包括非生物(4.11%)、藻类(0.85%)、带藻类的死珊瑚(4.41%)、软珊瑚(3.31%)、海绵(2.27%)、其他(3.05%)。海洋保护区是禁止旅游和渔业的区域,然而,Tidung岛的珊瑚覆盖率很高,海洋保护区可以成为产卵地,觅食地,苗圃地,从而创造新的渔场,从而间接影响通过捕捞改善社区经济。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of the earth’s crust and upper mantle beneath central part of Java Island using receiver function data 用接收函数数据模拟爪哇岛中部地壳和上地幔
R. Amukti, Nur Achid Yunartha, A. Anggraini, W. Suryanto
The objectives of this research are to model the earth crust and Mohorovicic depth at part of Central java island. The subsurface modeling has been carried out using the inversion of receiver function techniques and stacking H-κ. The methodology of this research using the inversion technique and the H-κ stacking technique to obtain subsurface structures and determine the depth of Mohorovicic discontinuity. The results of this research are the average depth of Mohorovicic discontinuity is 33.54 km and the value of κ 1.65. The depth of Mohorovicic’s discontinuity in Yogyakarta and Semarang is 25-33km. Based on the inversion technique, there is a low speed anomaly between Mt. Merapi and Mt. Lawu at a depth of 11-19 km known as MLA (Merapi Lawu Anomaly) under the Kendeng Zone. The P wave velocity at a depth of 11 Km has a pattern which is interpreted as the long subduction zone of the dominant Maratus trend. The fact that proves the old subduction is the P wave velocity pattern near Karangsambung which has melange outcrops.
本研究的目的是模拟中爪哇岛部分地区的地壳和莫霍罗维奇深度。利用接收函数反演技术和H-κ叠加技术进行了地下建模。本研究的方法是利用反演技术和H-κ叠加技术获得地下结构,并确定莫霍洛维奇不连续层的深度。研究结果表明:莫霍洛维契面平均深度为33.54 km, κ值为1.65。日惹和三宝垄的莫霍洛维契断面深度为25-33公里。基于反演技术,在肯登带下部存在默拉皮山与拉乌山之间11 ~ 19 km深度的低速异常,称为默拉皮拉乌异常(Merapi Lawu anomaly, MLA)。在11 Km深度处的纵波速度模式被解释为主导Maratus趋势的长俯冲带。证明古俯冲作用的事实是,卡朗三峰附近有混杂岩露头的P波速度型。
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引用次数: 2
On the properties of bipolar anti fuzzy graph magic labeling 双极反模糊图幻标的性质
Ilman Firmansa, T. Nusantara, D. Rahmadani, A. Gani, H. Susanto, Purwanto
This article was considering to bipolar anti fuzzy graph magic labeling. Bipolar anti fuzzy graph be seen as new concept, therefore to find the properties, we adapted from the previous study of bipolar fuzzy graph. In this article, we introduced bipolar anti fuzzy graphs path, star, and cycle of our investigation object. The resulted study shown that, for every natural number n, there exists bipolar anti fuzzy graph magic labeling for bipolar anti fuzzy graphs path (Pn) and star (Sn) graph. For n odd and n ≥3, there bipolar anti fuzzy graph magic labeling for cycle (Cn).This article was considering to bipolar anti fuzzy graph magic labeling. Bipolar anti fuzzy graph be seen as new concept, therefore to find the properties, we adapted from the previous study of bipolar fuzzy graph. In this article, we introduced bipolar anti fuzzy graphs path, star, and cycle of our investigation object. The resulted study shown that, for every natural number n, there exists bipolar anti fuzzy graph magic labeling for bipolar anti fuzzy graphs path (Pn) and star (Sn) graph. For n odd and n ≥3, there bipolar anti fuzzy graph magic labeling for cycle (Cn).
本文研究双极反模糊图魔术标注。双极反模糊图是一个全新的概念,为了找出双极反模糊图的性质,我们借鉴了前人对双极模糊图的研究。本文介绍了研究对象的双极反模糊图的路径、星形和循环。研究结果表明,对于每一个自然数n,双极反模糊图的路径(Pn)和星形(Sn)图都存在双极反模糊图幻标。当n奇数且n≥3时,对循环(Cn)存在双极反模糊图幻标。本文研究双极反模糊图魔术标注。双极反模糊图是一个全新的概念,为了找出双极反模糊图的性质,我们借鉴了前人对双极模糊图的研究。本文介绍了研究对象的双极反模糊图的路径、星形和循环。研究结果表明,对于每一个自然数n,双极反模糊图的路径(Pn)和星形(Sn)图都存在双极反模糊图幻标。当n奇数且n≥3时,对循环(Cn)存在双极反模糊图幻标。
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引用次数: 5
The success of integrated education: Implementation of education policies and management in special services 融合教育的成功:教育政策的实施与特殊服务的管理
Usman, R. Karsidi, Baedhowi, Sajidan
Since the reformation in the field of government, the education sector has also experienced a very significant process of change. This is because the world of education is one indicator in the field of government that is considered vital. That is why the field of education is the only governmental affairs whose ceiling of the budget is determined definitively in the state constitution (the 1945 Constitution), while other fields are not. This study aims to find out what factors influence the success of managing Integrated Education and the Implementation of its Policies in Special Education Services in Karimun Regency, Riau Islands Province. It Quantitative data was obtained through a survey of four integrated schools on four different islands. The triangulation method was used to proceed to test the validity of qualitative data obtained through observation, interviews and focus group discussions with the integrated school principal. The obtained data was analyzed by using Miles and Hubberman technique. The results of the study indicate that there are several factors that influence the success of Integrated education which include; ability and readiness of human resources, lack of optimal implementation of one-face education, disparity in the quality of schools and educators, low understanding of the community, facilities and infrastructure and public awareness.Since the reformation in the field of government, the education sector has also experienced a very significant process of change. This is because the world of education is one indicator in the field of government that is considered vital. That is why the field of education is the only governmental affairs whose ceiling of the budget is determined definitively in the state constitution (the 1945 Constitution), while other fields are not. This study aims to find out what factors influence the success of managing Integrated Education and the Implementation of its Policies in Special Education Services in Karimun Regency, Riau Islands Province. It Quantitative data was obtained through a survey of four integrated schools on four different islands. The triangulation method was used to proceed to test the validity of qualitative data obtained through observation, interviews and focus group discussions with the integrated school principal. The obtained data was analyzed by using Miles and Hubberman technique. Th...
自政府领域的改革以来,教育部门也经历了一个非常重要的变革过程。这是因为教育是政府领域中被认为至关重要的一个指标。这就是为什么在国家宪法(1945年宪法)中明确规定预算上限的政府事务只有教育领域,而其他领域则没有。本研究旨在找出影响廖内群岛省卡里蒙县特殊教育服务整合教育管理及政策实施成功的因素。它通过对四个不同岛屿上的四所综合学校的调查获得了定量数据。通过观察、访谈和焦点小组讨论获得的综合学校校长定性数据,采用三角测量法对数据的有效性进行检验。利用Miles和Hubberman技术对获得的数据进行分析。研究结果表明,影响融合教育成功的因素有以下几个:人力资源的能力和准备,缺乏对“一面教育”的最佳实施,学校和教育工作者的质量存在差距,对社区、设施和基础设施以及公众意识的了解不足。自政府领域的改革以来,教育部门也经历了一个非常重要的变革过程。这是因为教育是政府领域中被认为至关重要的一个指标。这就是为什么在国家宪法(1945年宪法)中明确规定预算上限的政府事务只有教育领域,而其他领域则没有。本研究旨在找出影响廖内群岛省卡里蒙县特殊教育服务整合教育管理及政策实施成功的因素。它通过对四个不同岛屿上的四所综合学校的调查获得了定量数据。通过观察、访谈和焦点小组讨论获得的综合学校校长定性数据,采用三角测量法对数据的有效性进行检验。利用Miles和Hubberman技术对获得的数据进行分析。Th……
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引用次数: 0
On the properties of anti fuzzy graph magic labeling 反模糊图幻标的性质
Adika Setia Brata, T. Nusantara, D. Rahmadani, A. Gani, V. Kusumasari
Graph labeling is one of the famous topics in the study of fuzzy graph. This article was considering to anti fuzzy graph magic labeling. As a new concept in anti fuzzy graph, we adapted from the previous study of fuzzy graph about the related concept. The object of study is anti fuzzy graph path, anti fuzzy graph star, and anti fuzzy graph cycle. The resulted study shown that, for every natural number n, there exists magic labeling for anti fuzzy graph path (Pn) and anti fuzzy graph star (Sn). For n odd and n ≥ 3, there exists magic labeling for anti fuzzy graph cycle (Cn).
图标注是模糊图研究中的一个重要课题。本文对反模糊图魔术标注进行了研究。作为反模糊图的一个新概念,我们借鉴了前人对模糊图相关概念的研究。研究的对象是抗模糊图路径、抗模糊图星形和抗模糊图循环。研究结果表明,对于每一个自然数n,都存在抗模糊图路径(Pn)和抗模糊图星(Sn)的幻标。对于n奇数且n≥3,存在反模糊图循环(Cn)的幻标记。
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引用次数: 5
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THE 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, ENVIRONMENT, AND EDUCATION
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