This study investigates the impact of impeller design on the rate of esterification reaction in a batch reactor. Different impeller designs were tested and compared, including Backswept impeller, C-shaped, Double Blade impeller, and Pitched impeller. The results showed that the choice of impeller design has a significant effect on the rate of esterification reaction, with the Backswept impeller proving to be the most effective. In this work, it is aimed to investigate the esterification of acetic acid and methanol in a batch stirred reactor for the synthesis of methyl acetate. The temperature range of 303.15 K is examined, with sulphuric acid used as the homogeneous catalyst in varying concentrations of 0.0633 mol·L1 to 0.3268 mol·L-1. The feed molar ratio of acetic acid to methanol also varied from 1:1 to 1:4 to observe its influence on the reaction rate. The research delves into the effects of temperature, catalyst concentration, and reactant concentration on the reaction rate. The experimental data is correlated using a second-order kinetic rate equation, and the forward and backward reaction rate constants and activation energies are determined from the Arrhenius plot. The developed kinetic model is compared with previous models in literature. In order to find the most effective impeller for esterification reaction, diameter of impellers was accepted same in the constant volume and dimension of batch reactor. The obtained kinetic equation proves useful for the simulation of a reactive distillation column for the synthesis of methyl acetate. Keywords: the batch reactor, impeller, esterification, effectivity, mass transfer, mixing, mechanical mixers, Logarithmic Shear Rate, Eddy Diffusivity.
{"title":"TO ISSUE INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MASS TRANSFER PROCESS IN AGITATORS","authors":"Gasim Mammadov, Isgandar Aliyev Gasim Mammadov, Isgandar Aliyev","doi":"10.36962/etm18062023-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm18062023-17","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of impeller design on the rate of esterification reaction in a batch reactor. Different impeller designs were tested and compared, including Backswept impeller, C-shaped, Double Blade impeller, and Pitched impeller. The results showed that the choice of impeller design has a significant effect on the rate of esterification reaction, with the Backswept impeller proving to be the most effective. In this work, it is aimed to investigate the esterification of acetic acid and methanol in a batch stirred reactor for the synthesis of methyl acetate. The temperature range of 303.15 K is examined, with sulphuric acid used as the homogeneous catalyst in varying concentrations of 0.0633 mol·L1 to 0.3268 mol·L-1. The feed molar ratio of acetic acid to methanol also varied from 1:1 to 1:4 to observe its influence on the reaction rate. The research delves into the effects of temperature, catalyst concentration, and reactant concentration on the reaction rate. The experimental data is correlated using a second-order kinetic rate equation, and the forward and backward reaction rate constants and activation energies are determined from the Arrhenius plot. The developed kinetic model is compared with previous models in literature. In order to find the most effective impeller for esterification reaction, diameter of impellers was accepted same in the constant volume and dimension of batch reactor. The obtained kinetic equation proves useful for the simulation of a reactive distillation column for the synthesis of methyl acetate. Keywords: the batch reactor, impeller, esterification, effectivity, mass transfer, mixing, mechanical mixers, Logarithmic Shear Rate, Eddy Diffusivity.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qasımov Qasım, Aybəniz Əliyeva Qasımov Qasım, Aybəniz Əliyeva
İşdə göstərilmiş qapalı aparatda (QA) baş verən istilik və rütubət dəyişməsi prosesi öyrənilir. Bu ümümu istilik-rütubət prosesinin [4] bir hissəsidir. QA müxtəlif növ elementlərdən ibarətdir. Bu elementlərin bir növü isə cəryan xətti elementləridir. Cərəyan xətti müəyyən uzunluğa malik xəttdir və burada su, qaz və s. istiulik daşıyıcılarının istiqamətlənmiş hərəkəti baş verir. Bu hərəkət zamanı istilik və rütubət bir cərəyan xəttindən başqa cərəyan xəttinə ötürüldükdə müəyyən nəqliyyat gecikməsi baş verir. QA çoxlu sayda belə elementlərdən ibarət olduğundan və bu gecikmələrin cəmi sonda istilik-rütubət dəyişməsinə ümumilikdə təsir etdiyindən, onun hesablamada nəzərə alınması vacib məsələlərdən biridir. Açar sözlər: qapalı aparat, cəryan xətti, nəqlıyyat gecikməsi, identifikasiya, fərq sxemləri, kompleks sistem.
在作品中展示的封闭装置（QA）中，学习了意愿过程和 rankubət dəyişməsi 过程。这是整个意志抑制过程的一部分[4]。QA 由几个中性元素组成。其中之一就是cəryan xətti元素。Cərəyan xətti是一个具有muəyyən长度的xətt，其中水，qaz vəs.是qtiamətlənmişhərəkəti的istiqamətlən hərəkəti载体开始。在这个 hərəkət 时间，当需求和 grossubət 从一个 cərəyan xəttindən 到另一个 cərəyan xəttinə 时，məyyən nəqliyyat 的延迟就开始了。由于 QA 包含大量这样的元素，而这些延迟是在计算中必须考虑的 məsələlərdən 之一。 打开词语closed apparatus, cəryan xətti, nəqlıyyyat delay, identifikasiya, fərq sxemləri, complex system.
{"title":"NƏQLİYYAT GECİKMƏSİ NƏZƏRƏ ALINMAQLA QAPALI APARATDA İSTİLİK-RÜTUBƏT DƏYİŞMƏSİNİN HESABLANMASI","authors":"Qasımov Qasım, Aybəniz Əliyeva Qasımov Qasım, Aybəniz Əliyeva","doi":"10.36962/etm18062023-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm18062023-88","url":null,"abstract":"İşdə göstərilmiş qapalı aparatda (QA) baş verən istilik və rütubət dəyişməsi prosesi öyrənilir. Bu ümümu istilik-rütubət prosesinin [4] bir hissəsidir. QA müxtəlif növ elementlərdən ibarətdir. Bu elementlərin bir növü isə cəryan xətti elementləridir. Cərəyan xətti müəyyən uzunluğa malik xəttdir və burada su, qaz və s. istiulik daşıyıcılarının istiqamətlənmiş hərəkəti baş verir. Bu hərəkət zamanı istilik və rütubət bir cərəyan xəttindən başqa cərəyan xəttinə ötürüldükdə müəyyən nəqliyyat gecikməsi baş verir. QA çoxlu sayda belə elementlərdən ibarət olduğundan və bu gecikmələrin cəmi sonda istilik-rütubət dəyişməsinə ümumilikdə təsir etdiyindən, onun hesablamada nəzərə alınması vacib məsələlərdən biridir. Açar sözlər: qapalı aparat, cəryan xətti, nəqlıyyat gecikməsi, identifikasiya, fərq sxemləri, kompleks sistem.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"58 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Təqdim olunan araşdırma ovuntu metallurgiya metodları vasitəsilə hazırlanmış kompoziya materialların sürtünmə prosesinin öyrənilməsinə həsr edilmişdir. Tədqiqat obyekti olaraq tərkibinə az miqdarda metal hissəcikləri qatılmış polimer əsaslı friksion materiallar götürülmüşdür. Nümunələri hazırlamaq üçün ənənəvi ovuntu metallurgiya metodları sxeminə daxil olan texnoloji addımlar gözlənilmişdir. Həm ovuntuların xırdalanması, həm də hissəciklərin ölçülərinin maksimum səviyyədə eyni ölçü və formaya gətirilməsini təmin etmək üçün laboratoriya dəyirmanında xırdalanmışdır. Sonrakı mərhələlərdə müavafiq olaraq soyuq preslənmə (10MPa), qızdırılaraq presləmə (160°C, 25,5 MPa) və sinterləmə (160°C-də 5 saat müddətində) prosesləri həyata keçirilmişdir. Sürtünmə prosesinin qiymətləndirmək üçün çoxamilli təcrübə metodlarından istifadə edilmişdir. Riyazi modeli qurmaq üçün ortoqonal Taquçi metoduna müraciət edilmiş və dispersiya analizinindən (ANOVA) istifadə etməklə prosesə təsir göstərən amillər müəyyən edilmişidr. Taquçi nizamı üzrə planlaşdırma matrisini qurmaq üçün standart L27 (33) modeli seçilmişdir. Bu model üzrə təcrübələrin sayı 27, amillərin və səviyyələrin sayı 3-dür. Sürtünmə əmsalının optimal rejimlərini tapmaq üçün riyazi model standart “ən böyük yaxşıdır” kriteriyasına əsasən loqarimfik itki funksiyası ilə qurulmuşdur. Sürtünmə sınaqları MMW-1 tribometrində “barmaqcıq-disk” mexanizmi əsasında aparılmışdır. Kontrcisim materialı olaraq tablandırılmış polad materialından istifadə edilmişdir. Proses parametrlərin seçilməsində ağır və orta yüklənmiş friksion sistemlər üçün tətbiq olunan rejimlər nəzərə alınmışdır. Alınmış nəticələr əsasən riyazi model qurulmuş, təsiredici amillər müəyyənləşdirilmişdir. Seçilmiş amillər içərisində prosesə ən çox təsir təsir göstərən parametrin təmaz təzyiqinin olduğu aşkar edilmişdir. Açar sözlər: əyləc kündələri, kompozisiya materialları, sürtünmə və yeyilmə, ANOVA, Taquçi, barmaqçıq-disk.
本研究旨在调查使用卵冶金方法制备的复合材料的摩擦过程。在制备过程中，观察了样品制备过程中的技术步骤。在样品制备过程中，观察了制备样品所涉及的技术步骤。Həm xırdalması həm də hissəciklərin ölçülərinizi maximum səviyyədə eyni ölçü və formaya gətirilməsini təmin etmək üçün laboratory dəyirmanında xırdalması.在下面的mərdə müavafiq olaraq olaraq soyuq presslənmə (10MPa), qızıdırılq pressləmə (160°C, 25,5 MPa) və sinterləmə (160°C-də 5 hours müddətində) processes həyata keçirirəri。采用多学科方法对摩擦过程进行评估。正交 Taquçi 法用于建立合理模型，分散分析法（方差分析）用于分析过程。选择标准 L27 (33) 模型来构建塔基布局规划矩阵。在该模型中，təcrübələrin 的数量为 27，amillərin 和 səviyyələrin 的数量为 3。为了找到摩擦尺度的最佳状态，根据 loqarimfik 脉冲函数，用标准的 "越大越好 "准则建立了合理模型。在 MMW-1 摩擦仪上使用 "barmaqcıq-disk "机制进行了摩擦试验。反摩擦材料使用了制表聚酰亚胺材料。在选择工艺参数时，考虑了重载和中载摩擦系统状态。根据所获得的结果，建立了一个假设模型，并对有效因素进行了分析。在所选参数中，最重要的工艺参数是təmaz təzyiqinin。Açar sözlər：复合材料、摩擦、方差分析、Taquçi、barmaqçıq-disk。
{"title":"ƏYLƏC KÜNDƏSİ MATERİALLARININ SÜRTÜNMƏ PROSESİNİN ANOVA VASİTƏSİLƏ STATİSTİK ÖYRƏNİLMƏSİ","authors":"Fikrət Yusubov Fikrət Yusubov","doi":"10.36962/etm18062023-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm18062023-44","url":null,"abstract":"Təqdim olunan araşdırma ovuntu metallurgiya metodları vasitəsilə hazırlanmış kompoziya materialların sürtünmə prosesinin öyrənilməsinə həsr edilmişdir. Tədqiqat obyekti olaraq tərkibinə az miqdarda metal hissəcikləri qatılmış polimer əsaslı friksion materiallar götürülmüşdür. Nümunələri hazırlamaq üçün ənənəvi ovuntu metallurgiya metodları sxeminə daxil olan texnoloji addımlar gözlənilmişdir. Həm ovuntuların xırdalanması, həm də hissəciklərin ölçülərinin maksimum səviyyədə eyni ölçü və formaya gətirilməsini təmin etmək üçün laboratoriya dəyirmanında xırdalanmışdır. Sonrakı mərhələlərdə müavafiq olaraq soyuq preslənmə (10MPa), qızdırılaraq presləmə (160°C, 25,5 MPa) və sinterləmə (160°C-də 5 saat müddətində) prosesləri həyata keçirilmişdir. Sürtünmə prosesinin qiymətləndirmək üçün çoxamilli təcrübə metodlarından istifadə edilmişdir. Riyazi modeli qurmaq üçün ortoqonal Taquçi metoduna müraciət edilmiş və dispersiya analizinindən (ANOVA) istifadə etməklə prosesə təsir göstərən amillər müəyyən edilmişidr. Taquçi nizamı üzrə planlaşdırma matrisini qurmaq üçün standart L27 (33) modeli seçilmişdir. Bu model üzrə təcrübələrin sayı 27, amillərin və səviyyələrin sayı 3-dür. Sürtünmə əmsalının optimal rejimlərini tapmaq üçün riyazi model standart “ən böyük yaxşıdır” kriteriyasına əsasən loqarimfik itki funksiyası ilə qurulmuşdur. Sürtünmə sınaqları MMW-1 tribometrində “barmaqcıq-disk” mexanizmi əsasında aparılmışdır. Kontrcisim materialı olaraq tablandırılmış polad materialından istifadə edilmişdir. Proses parametrlərin seçilməsində ağır və orta yüklənmiş friksion sistemlər üçün tətbiq olunan rejimlər nəzərə alınmışdır. Alınmış nəticələr əsasən riyazi model qurulmuş, təsiredici amillər müəyyənləşdirilmişdir. Seçilmiş amillər içərisində prosesə ən çox təsir təsir göstərən parametrin təmaz təzyiqinin olduğu aşkar edilmişdir. Açar sözlər: əyləc kündələri, kompozisiya materialları, sürtünmə və yeyilmə, ANOVA, Taquçi, barmaqçıq-disk.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"10 2-3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Təmir quyularının istismar kəmərlərinin qəzalarının təhlili göstərir ki, kəmərin iş qabiliyyətinin itirilməsinin əsas səbəbi ona təsir edən əlavə yaranan gərginliklərdir, bunun nəticəsində kəmərdə uzununa, eninə dağılma, yiv birləşmələrinin hermetikliyinin itirilməsi, dağılması, əzilməsi baş verir. Ona görə pakeri quyuya buraxılmamışdan əvvəl bu yoxlanılmalıdır. Pakerə onun kəmərdə oturdulması üçün yük mexaniki və ya hidravliki yolla tətbiq olunur. Bu qüvvələrin pakerə, həm də onun kipləndiricilərinə statik deyil, dinamik vəziyyətdə tətbiq olunduğu məlumdur. Lakin müəyyən yollarla bunun zərbəli xarakterinin söndürülməsinə olan yanaşmalar kifayət deyi. Bu məqsədlə pakerin quyuda rəvan – “tarazlaşdırılmış oturdulması” –(pakerin quyuya endirilməsi, onun kipləndiricilərinin kəmərdə oturdulması, pakerin quyudan çıxarılması (azad olunması) daxildir) vacibdir. Açar sözlər: oxboyu əyilmə, filtr zona, paker, nasos-kompressor boruları, sıxıcı qüvvə.
对被剥削的 kəmələr təmir quyuları 的 qəzas 的分析表明，kəmərin 工作能力丧失的主要原因是 təsir edən əlavə 的加入造成的不满、nəticəsində kəmərdə longitudinal, width disintegration, hermeticity of the groove merging, disintegration, disintegration, əzilməsi starts.根据他的说法，这应该被删除之前的paker被埋在孔。Pakerə是由负载mexaniki或hydravliki方式为其kəmərdə坐tətbiq奥伦。众所周知，这些部队适用于pakerə，həm də他kipləndiricilərinə不在静态，但在动态vəziyyətdə。然而，通过müəyyən方式来消灭其zərbəli xarakter的方法是不够的。在这məqsədlərəvan - "tarazlaştırlaştırlaştırılmış oturdılması" - （包括降低到水中的paker，其kipləndirıcıilər坐在水中，删除（释放）的paker从水中）是强制性的。关键词：oxboyu əyilmə，过滤瓦，paker，nasos-压缩机管道，抹灰钳。
{"title":"TƏMİR İŞLƏRİNDƏ PAKERİN NASOS-KOMPRESSOR BORULARI SİSTEMİNİN DAYANIQLIĞININ İTİRİLMƏ EFFEKTİNİN ÖYRƏNİLMƏSİ","authors":"Niyaz Zeynalov Niyaz Zeynalov","doi":"10.36962/etm18062023-94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm18062023-94","url":null,"abstract":"Təmir quyularının istismar kəmərlərinin qəzalarının təhlili göstərir ki, kəmərin iş qabiliyyətinin itirilməsinin əsas səbəbi ona təsir edən əlavə yaranan gərginliklərdir, bunun nəticəsində kəmərdə uzununa, eninə dağılma, yiv birləşmələrinin hermetikliyinin itirilməsi, dağılması, əzilməsi baş verir. Ona görə pakeri quyuya buraxılmamışdan əvvəl bu yoxlanılmalıdır. Pakerə onun kəmərdə oturdulması üçün yük mexaniki və ya hidravliki yolla tətbiq olunur. Bu qüvvələrin pakerə, həm də onun kipləndiricilərinə statik deyil, dinamik vəziyyətdə tətbiq olunduğu məlumdur. Lakin müəyyən yollarla bunun zərbəli xarakterinin söndürülməsinə olan yanaşmalar kifayət deyi. Bu məqsədlə pakerin quyuda rəvan – “tarazlaşdırılmış oturdulması” –(pakerin quyuya endirilməsi, onun kipləndiricilərinin kəmərdə oturdulması, pakerin quyudan çıxarılması (azad olunması) daxildir) vacibdir. Açar sözlər: oxboyu əyilmə, filtr zona, paker, nasos-kompressor boruları, sıxıcı qüvvə.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"22 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is devoted to the topic of environmental problems arising in the process of production of reinforcement building materials and the possibility of reducing the environmental burden on the environment through the introduction of improved technology for the production of structural reinforcement. The authors substantiate the need to improve production technology, present a modern method and technology aimed not only at reducing emissions into the environment, but also improving the quality of the products obtained, which is another step towards the development of environmentally friendly production. In the proposed technology, liquid metal in a furnace is fed to a single-head casting plant, intermediate heating during the production of fittings is eliminated, which leads to environmental and production benefits, which will also be described in the article. The study is of practical interest to manufacturers of building reinforcement, as well as to specialists in the field of ecology and economics, who are involved in reducing the harmful impact on the environment and optimizing production costs. Keywords: building fittings, production, technology, ecology, pollution, waste, environmentally friendly production, energy saving, quality, cost optimization.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION FITTINGS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY AS A STEP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLEANER PRODUCTION","authors":"Elman Aliyev, Konul Amirmatova Elman Aliyev, Konul Amirmatova","doi":"10.36962/etm18062023-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm18062023-36","url":null,"abstract":"This study is devoted to the topic of environmental problems arising in the process of production of reinforcement building materials and the possibility of reducing the environmental burden on the environment through the introduction of improved technology for the production of structural reinforcement. The authors substantiate the need to improve production technology, present a modern method and technology aimed not only at reducing emissions into the environment, but also improving the quality of the products obtained, which is another step towards the development of environmentally friendly production. In the proposed technology, liquid metal in a furnace is fed to a single-head casting plant, intermediate heating during the production of fittings is eliminated, which leads to environmental and production benefits, which will also be described in the article. The study is of practical interest to manufacturers of building reinforcement, as well as to specialists in the field of ecology and economics, who are involved in reducing the harmful impact on the environment and optimizing production costs. Keywords: building fittings, production, technology, ecology, pollution, waste, environmentally friendly production, energy saving, quality, cost optimization.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.36962/etm14022023-135
Agali Guliyev Agali Guliyev, Ibrahim Habibov Ibrahim Habibov, Aynur Sharifova Aynur Sharifova, Zohra Garayeva Zohra Garayeva
In the present work, the influence of the composition of the electrolyte and the duration of electropolishing of the base metal on the strength of adhesion to iron deposits was studied, and the method of mechanical treatment before applying electrolytic coatings was shown to determine not only the microgeometry of the surface, but also the physicochemical state of the metal in the surface layer, thereby affecting the protective properties. oxide film. On the other hand, the type of machining affects the cost of restoring and coating parts. Therefore, it is practically important to determine the effect of the method of machining and the surface finish of the base metal on the adhesion strength with electrolytic iron deposits. Along with mechanical action, chemical processes play an important role in polishing. The surface of the metal is covered with thin, invisible oxide or salt films under the influence of the environment and the chemically active substances contained in the polishing pastes. When polishing, the film is removed, but on the exposed areas of the metal it is formed again. The hardness of abrasive grains during polishing is not as important as during grinding, since in the first case the abrasive removes a thin film that is less durable than metal. In the process of manufacturing parts by mechanical polishing, traces of processing in the form of small irregularities remain on their surface. The magnitude of these microroughness’s determines the surface finish of the parts. This characteristic has a great influence on the quality of the finish and the performance properties of the products. The smoother the metal surface, the better it resists corrosion. Improving the surface finish increases the wear resistance of the parts. Obtaining shiny surfaces is also associated with the need to remove microroughness. It has been determined that the cleanliness of the surface treatment of parts before electroplating is determined by their purpose and type of coating. Surface cleanliness depends on how the parts are prepared before electroplating. Polishing products with a lower initial surface finish significantly increases the processing time, which reduces the productivity of the equipment. It has been established that electrochemical and chemical polishing have several advantages over mechanical polishing. They do not require the physical effort of the worker, which reduces the complexity of finishing operations. Many products of various shapes and sizes can be processed simultaneously, which is not feasible when polishing with circles. Electrochemical polishing has become more widespread in industry. With its help, a greater smoothing and more intense gloss of the metal surface is achieved than with chemical polishing. The use of this process in preparation for electroplating reduces the number of operations and transitions and improves product quality by increasing the adhesion strength of the coating to the base metal. Keywords: Machini
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE METHOD OF ELECTROLYTIC POLISHING, MECHANICAL TREATMENT AND PURITY OF THE BASE METAL SURFACE ON THE STRENGTH OF BONDING BY ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITS OF IRON","authors":"Agali Guliyev Agali Guliyev, Ibrahim Habibov Ibrahim Habibov, Aynur Sharifova Aynur Sharifova, Zohra Garayeva Zohra Garayeva","doi":"10.36962/etm14022023-135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm14022023-135","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, the influence of the composition of the electrolyte and the duration of electropolishing of the base metal on the strength of adhesion to iron deposits was studied, and the method of mechanical treatment before applying electrolytic coatings was shown to determine not only the microgeometry of the surface, but also the physicochemical state of the metal in the surface layer, thereby affecting the protective properties. oxide film. On the other hand, the type of machining affects the cost of restoring and coating parts. Therefore, it is practically important to determine the effect of the method of machining and the surface finish of the base metal on the adhesion strength with electrolytic iron deposits.\u0000 Along with mechanical action, chemical processes play an important role in polishing. The surface of the metal is covered with thin, invisible oxide or salt films under the influence of the environment and the chemically active substances contained in the polishing pastes. When polishing, the film is removed, but on the exposed areas of the metal it is formed again. The hardness of abrasive grains during polishing is not as important as during grinding, since in the first case the abrasive removes a thin film that is less durable than metal.\u0000In the process of manufacturing parts by mechanical polishing, traces of processing in the form of small irregularities remain on their surface. The magnitude of these microroughness’s determines the surface finish of the parts. This characteristic has a great influence on the quality of the finish and the performance properties of the products. The smoother the metal surface, the better it resists corrosion.\u0000Improving the surface finish increases the wear resistance of the parts. Obtaining shiny surfaces is also associated with the need to remove microroughness.\u0000It has been determined that the cleanliness of the surface treatment of parts before electroplating is determined by their purpose and type of coating. Surface cleanliness depends on how the parts are prepared before electroplating. Polishing products with a lower initial surface finish significantly increases the processing time, which reduces the productivity of the equipment.\u0000It has been established that electrochemical and chemical polishing have several advantages over mechanical polishing. They do not require the physical effort of the worker, which reduces the complexity of finishing operations. Many products of various shapes and sizes can be processed simultaneously, which is not feasible when polishing with circles.\u0000Electrochemical polishing has become more widespread in industry. With its help, a greater smoothing and more intense gloss of the metal surface is achieved than with chemical polishing. The use of this process in preparation for electroplating reduces the number of operations and transitions and improves product quality by increasing the adhesion strength of the coating to the base metal.\u0000Keywords: Machini","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129788376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.36962/etm14022023-188
{"title":"REINFORCEMENT OF PISTON PUMP BORE SURFACES WITH NANO PARTICLES AND INCREASE OF CORROSION RESISTANCE","authors":"","doi":"10.36962/etm14022023-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm14022023-188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121064909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the production of oil by downhole rod pumps, as a drive, both in Azerbaijan and abroad, balancing one-arm and two-arm pump jack are most often used ones. In this article the goal is - a comparative study of the advantages of one-arm pump jack over two-arm pump jack. For that, the calculation of the main parameters was maid – displacenemt, speed and acceleration of suspension poin of rods and built comperative graphs for commercially avaible deaxial pump jack type of SKD8-3-4000 and the proposed construction of a one-arm pump jack. There are existing options, for holding a one-arm pump jack on the weight of the balancer when changing the stroke length of the suspension point of the rods that reviewed. Options for improving the one-arm pump jack are proposed.
{"title":"RESEARCH ON THE IMPROVEMENTS OF CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP JACK WITH ONE-ARM SHOULDER","authors":"Zuleikha Eyvazova Zuleikha Eyvazova, Farhad Baydemirov Farhad Baydemirov","doi":"10.36962/etm14022023-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm14022023-93","url":null,"abstract":"In the production of oil by downhole rod pumps, as a drive, both in Azerbaijan and abroad, balancing one-arm and two-arm pump jack are most often used ones. In this article the goal is - a comparative study of the advantages of one-arm pump jack over two-arm pump jack. For that, the calculation of the main parameters was maid – displacenemt, speed and acceleration of suspension poin of rods and built comperative graphs for commercially avaible deaxial pump jack type of SKD8-3-4000 and the proposed construction of a one-arm pump jack. There are existing options, for holding a one-arm pump jack on the weight of the balancer when changing the stroke length of the suspension point of the rods that reviewed. Options for improving the one-arm pump jack are proposed.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131895526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.36962/etm14022023-126
Amir Mustafayev Amir Mustafayev, Chingiz Nasirov Chingiz Nasirov
Transmission gears are very widely used in modern machine building. Despite that electrical transmissions used in machine building industry, mainly mechanical transmissions are widely used in the industry. Because mechanical transmissions are independent and better than other transmisions. Distributing power between the transmission mechanisms and working units of various machines, changing the angle of momentum, by adjusting the speed of the parts, it is possible to change the type of movement, turn on and off the mechanism, change the direction of the transmission mechanisms. One of the most widespread types of transmission technology is the gear transmission. Tens of thousands of kilowatt-hours of gears can be transmitted. Advantages of gear transmission in comparison with others is their ability to maintain their reliability and long term functioning of the teeth, big value of the working coefficient (0,9 ÷ 0,99), simple construction, lack of special service, simplicity of the transmission number and compactness of dimensions. The missing aspects of these transmissions are high precision in their preparation and installation, and low noise level. The main criterion for the working ability of the closed gear transmissions is the contact endurance of the active surface of the tooth. For this reason, the main dimensions of the transmission are determined by the contact tension and by teeth bending. Keywords: gear wheel, tension, endurance, bending
{"title":"MATHEMATICAL EXPRESSIONS FOR TEMPERATURE IN THE CONTACT ZONE OF \u0000TEETH OF THE GEAR MECHANISMS","authors":"Amir Mustafayev Amir Mustafayev, Chingiz Nasirov Chingiz Nasirov","doi":"10.36962/etm14022023-126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm14022023-126","url":null,"abstract":"Transmission gears are very widely used in modern machine building. Despite that electrical transmissions used in machine building industry, mainly mechanical transmissions are widely used in the industry. Because mechanical transmissions are independent and better than other transmisions.\u0000Distributing power between the transmission mechanisms and working units of various machines, changing the angle of momentum, by adjusting the speed of the parts, it is possible to change the type of movement, turn on and off the mechanism, change the direction of the transmission mechanisms.\u0000One of the most widespread types of transmission technology is the gear transmission. Tens of thousands of kilowatt-hours of gears can be transmitted. \u0000Advantages of gear transmission in comparison with others is their ability to maintain their reliability and long term functioning of the teeth, big value of the working coefficient (0,9 ÷ 0,99), simple construction, lack of special service, simplicity of the transmission number and compactness of dimensions.\u0000The missing aspects of these transmissions are high precision in their preparation and installation, and low noise level. \u0000The main criterion for the working ability of the closed gear transmissions is the contact endurance of the active surface of the tooth. For this reason, the main dimensions of the transmission are determined by the contact tension and by teeth bending.\u0000Keywords: gear wheel, tension, endurance, bending","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133039729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of minimizing oil production costs is becoming increasingly crucial in current oil production settings, particularly during the operation of oil fields in the final phases of development and the ever-expanding commissioning of difficult-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves. Oil production practice has shown, lengthening the length of the steel pumping plant's loop needs a lower frequency of rolling, which extends the life of the well equipment and enhances pumping installation performance. The engine's weight and cost increase as the drive lengthens. The necessary characteristics made it impossible to build long-stroke balancing drives. One of the ways to solve this problem is the use of long-stroke unbalanced sucker-rod pump drives as part of pumping units, which will significantly reduce energy consumption for oil production and, accordingly, reduce the cost. The presented article shows the prospects of using unbalanced drives of sucker-rod pumping units in the operation of wells by mechanized method. The kinematic-power diagram of the drive of the downhole rod pumping unit is shown. A method for calculating the acting forces is given. To calculate the strength of the structure being developed, it is important to determine the change in the force acting on the suspension point of the rods. In order to carry out repair work, the goal was set to further improve the unbalanced drive WRPU (well rod pump unit). For this, a scheme was proposed for changing the fixed guide pulley to a movable one, installed on the base with the possibility of its rotation. The proposed design of the rotary pulley makes it possible to free up space above the wellhead. Keywords: unbalanced drive, long stroke, swivel pulley, beamless drive of pumping unit, rod suspension point, crank-pulley converting mechanism.
{"title":"CALCULATION OF THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE ROPE-PULLEY DRIVE OF \u0000A DOWNHOLE ROD PUMPING UNIT","authors":"Zuleykha Eyvazova Zuleykha Eyvazova, Rasim Khairov Rasim Khairov","doi":"10.36962/etm14022023-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm14022023-10","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of minimizing oil production costs is becoming increasingly crucial in current oil production settings, particularly during the operation of oil fields in the final phases of development and the ever-expanding commissioning of difficult-to-recover hydrocarbon reserves. Oil production practice has shown, lengthening the length of the steel pumping plant's loop needs a lower frequency of rolling, which extends the life of the well equipment and enhances pumping installation performance. The engine's weight and cost increase as the drive lengthens. The necessary characteristics made it impossible to build long-stroke balancing drives. One of the ways to solve this problem is the use of long-stroke unbalanced sucker-rod pump drives as part of pumping units, which will significantly reduce energy consumption for oil production and, accordingly, reduce the cost. The presented article shows the prospects of using unbalanced drives of sucker-rod pumping units in the operation of wells by mechanized method. \u0000The kinematic-power diagram of the drive of the downhole rod pumping unit is shown. \u0000A method for calculating the acting forces is given. To calculate the strength of the structure being developed, it is important to determine the change in the force acting on the suspension point of the rods. In order to carry out repair work, the goal was set to further improve the unbalanced drive WRPU (well rod pump unit). For this, a scheme was proposed for changing the fixed guide pulley to a movable one, installed on the base with the possibility of its rotation. The proposed design of the rotary pulley makes it possible to free up space above the wellhead.\u0000Keywords: unbalanced drive, long stroke, swivel pulley, beamless drive of pumping unit, rod suspension point, crank-pulley converting mechanism.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122218118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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