Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369491
R. Banning, M. Roesch, A. Morgan
The increasing sophistication and criticality of embedded flight control systems is increasing the need for correct system implementation/error removal before flight control systems are fielded for flight. Competing with this need are pressures to make corrections and design changes quickly to minimize the cost and schedule impacts during development, especially ground and flight test activities. In this paper we present a system design process modified to allow the use of a currently available system design tool that provides automatic code generation from graphical system design input to provide a portion of the flight software. The results are improved system design, accelerated integration times and the ability to correctly implement changes in a shorter period of time. The value of integrated system design/code generating tools is addressed. Modifications made to the current design process to integrate and verify software produced by these tools in the flight program are addressed. Finally, results obtained through the use of this process on a number of current flight control system efforts are summarized.<>
{"title":"Improved embedded flight control system design process using integrated system design/code generation tools","authors":"R. Banning, M. Roesch, A. Morgan","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369491","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing sophistication and criticality of embedded flight control systems is increasing the need for correct system implementation/error removal before flight control systems are fielded for flight. Competing with this need are pressures to make corrections and design changes quickly to minimize the cost and schedule impacts during development, especially ground and flight test activities. In this paper we present a system design process modified to allow the use of a currently available system design tool that provides automatic code generation from graphical system design input to provide a portion of the flight software. The results are improved system design, accelerated integration times and the ability to correctly implement changes in a shorter period of time. The value of integrated system design/code generating tools is addressed. Modifications made to the current design process to integrate and verify software produced by these tools in the flight program are addressed. Finally, results obtained through the use of this process on a number of current flight control system efforts are summarized.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128947138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369466
D. White
This paper describes the process of the Rapid Cycle Display System (RCDS) tool used to design Flight Management System (FMS) displays targeted for a Control Display Unit (CDU). RCDS allows rapid prototyping, code generation suitable for certification, display documentation, and processing of digital files created by such activities as ACARs datalink and hardcopy printing. Through rapid prototyping, FMS designers, the OEM, and the end-user are able to design acceptable displays before the software system is modified. After the prototyping is complete, RCDS generates table-oriented code for immediate insertion into the FMS system to be used by the object-oriented display package. With the display package being certifiable avionics software, CDU displays (through their table-oriented design) can be added, deleted, or modified without changing the avionics display package. After the CDU display tables are generated, the corresponding pictorial documentation is created.<>
{"title":"Rapid cycle display software design","authors":"D. White","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369466","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the process of the Rapid Cycle Display System (RCDS) tool used to design Flight Management System (FMS) displays targeted for a Control Display Unit (CDU). RCDS allows rapid prototyping, code generation suitable for certification, display documentation, and processing of digital files created by such activities as ACARs datalink and hardcopy printing. Through rapid prototyping, FMS designers, the OEM, and the end-user are able to design acceptable displays before the software system is modified. After the prototyping is complete, RCDS generates table-oriented code for immediate insertion into the FMS system to be used by the object-oriented display package. With the display package being certifiable avionics software, CDU displays (through their table-oriented design) can be added, deleted, or modified without changing the avionics display package. After the CDU display tables are generated, the corresponding pictorial documentation is created.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126959503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369499
Jeffrey L. Summers, P. Hammontre
A part task simulation study was performed to determine the ability of pilots to land an aircraft using head up display (HUD) guidance symbology overlaying an emulated millimeter wave imagery. The task was to land in Category IIIa weather at a Category I facility. Three image parameters were varied: image update rate, image processing latency, and the luminance contrast ratio of the runway image to the background noise. ILS beam bending that was representative of a Category I facility was randomly varied across the experimental runs. Nine pilots completed the test matrix. The only variable that made a significant difference was the runway to background contrast ratio.<>
{"title":"Image quality issues for an enhanced vision head up display","authors":"Jeffrey L. Summers, P. Hammontre","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369499","url":null,"abstract":"A part task simulation study was performed to determine the ability of pilots to land an aircraft using head up display (HUD) guidance symbology overlaying an emulated millimeter wave imagery. The task was to land in Category IIIa weather at a Category I facility. Three image parameters were varied: image update rate, image processing latency, and the luminance contrast ratio of the runway image to the background noise. ILS beam bending that was representative of a Category I facility was randomly varied across the experimental runs. Nine pilots completed the test matrix. The only variable that made a significant difference was the runway to background contrast ratio.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131640972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369411
G. Mcintire
Increased demand for avionics system functionality has lead to $10-15M avionics suites on recent aircraft. Support costs are high due to low avionics system reliability. When required, new functions have to be "shoe horned" onto aircraft at great expense. Integrated avionics systems are being developed to address these problems. Common module, shared resource avionics systems offer the potential for controlling the cost, size, and weight of avionics while providing a 25-fold increase in system availability and growth potential. The challenge to realizing the potential of these systems is effective utilization of the avionics resources.<>
{"title":"Shared resource management for integrated avionics systems","authors":"G. Mcintire","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369411","url":null,"abstract":"Increased demand for avionics system functionality has lead to $10-15M avionics suites on recent aircraft. Support costs are high due to low avionics system reliability. When required, new functions have to be \"shoe horned\" onto aircraft at great expense. Integrated avionics systems are being developed to address these problems. Common module, shared resource avionics systems offer the potential for controlling the cost, size, and weight of avionics while providing a 25-fold increase in system availability and growth potential. The challenge to realizing the potential of these systems is effective utilization of the avionics resources.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121012507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369474
A.R. Revels
Through the advent of information processing, systems capability, and the increased need of situational awareness, the use of liquid crystal displays has taken root in both civil and military cockpits. Along with the additional capabilities, including reliability and ease of maintainability, failures unique to LCDs have occurred. The main phenomenon has been the formation of "bubbles" or "voids" within the display mounted in fighter aircraft. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the occurrence of this failure through a case study using dichroic LCDs. Even though the specifics apply to dichroics, this information should be considered in the selection, production, implementation, and operations of other flat-panel display technology using the same assembly methods. The phenomenon of having "voids" form in the LCD is not new. Information about this occurrence has been reported and documented through many avenues; however, the problems still exist. The decision to use LCDs is usually based upon several considerations but LCDs ate mainly used to replace systems which are hard to maintain. These systems include electro-mechanical and Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs).<>
{"title":"Void formations in liquid crystal displays","authors":"A.R. Revels","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369474","url":null,"abstract":"Through the advent of information processing, systems capability, and the increased need of situational awareness, the use of liquid crystal displays has taken root in both civil and military cockpits. Along with the additional capabilities, including reliability and ease of maintainability, failures unique to LCDs have occurred. The main phenomenon has been the formation of \"bubbles\" or \"voids\" within the display mounted in fighter aircraft. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the occurrence of this failure through a case study using dichroic LCDs. Even though the specifics apply to dichroics, this information should be considered in the selection, production, implementation, and operations of other flat-panel display technology using the same assembly methods. The phenomenon of having \"voids\" form in the LCD is not new. Information about this occurrence has been reported and documented through many avenues; however, the problems still exist. The decision to use LCDs is usually based upon several considerations but LCDs ate mainly used to replace systems which are hard to maintain. These systems include electro-mechanical and Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123229148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369440
S. Holmberg, D. Syroid
The mission of Image Quest Technologies is to develop and produce high quality active matrix LCD (AMLCD) products to satisfy the needs of avionic, military and other high performance display applications. Image Quest's guiding principles include a commitment to design and manufacture products of the highest quality. Supporting that commitment is a dedication to working with U.S. manufacturers to develop equipment which will increase yields and the output and ultimately lower manufacturing cost. Image Quest has a state of the art pilot line facility in Fremont, CA ready to manufacture large area, full color high resolution display products. All equipment has been designed to handle a 400/spl times/350 mm substrate size, which can accommodate two 10.4 inch VGA displays. All particle sensitive processes are conducted in a class 10 clean environment. Image Quest will manufacture and supply all major elements of the display module including the amorphous silicon thin film transistor (TFT) and color filter substrates, the LC assembly, TAB driver chips and backlight units. Expected annual production capability of the facility will be several thousand modules per year. The first products will be full color 10.4 inch VGA 640/spl times/480 pixel display modules, available in both a commercial grade and a high performance avionic. The avionic prototype module features compact packaging, 64 gray level performance, less than 1% reflectance, more than 200 fL, output luminance and avionic environmental performance. The display modules will be available by the end of the year.<>
{"title":"A new source for military/avionic AMLCDs","authors":"S. Holmberg, D. Syroid","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369440","url":null,"abstract":"The mission of Image Quest Technologies is to develop and produce high quality active matrix LCD (AMLCD) products to satisfy the needs of avionic, military and other high performance display applications. Image Quest's guiding principles include a commitment to design and manufacture products of the highest quality. Supporting that commitment is a dedication to working with U.S. manufacturers to develop equipment which will increase yields and the output and ultimately lower manufacturing cost. Image Quest has a state of the art pilot line facility in Fremont, CA ready to manufacture large area, full color high resolution display products. All equipment has been designed to handle a 400/spl times/350 mm substrate size, which can accommodate two 10.4 inch VGA displays. All particle sensitive processes are conducted in a class 10 clean environment. Image Quest will manufacture and supply all major elements of the display module including the amorphous silicon thin film transistor (TFT) and color filter substrates, the LC assembly, TAB driver chips and backlight units. Expected annual production capability of the facility will be several thousand modules per year. The first products will be full color 10.4 inch VGA 640/spl times/480 pixel display modules, available in both a commercial grade and a high performance avionic. The avionic prototype module features compact packaging, 64 gray level performance, less than 1% reflectance, more than 200 fL, output luminance and avionic environmental performance. The display modules will be available by the end of the year.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129048204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369479
L. Harrison, P. Saraceni
This paper introduces some of the topics that will be examined in a forthcoming technical report being prepared for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center's Directorate for Aircraft Safety, Flight Safety Research Branch. This paper seeks to highlight some of the problems associated with complex digital hardware used in digital flight control and avionic systems.<>
{"title":"Certification issues for complex digital hardware","authors":"L. Harrison, P. Saraceni","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369479","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces some of the topics that will be examined in a forthcoming technical report being prepared for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Technical Center's Directorate for Aircraft Safety, Flight Safety Research Branch. This paper seeks to highlight some of the problems associated with complex digital hardware used in digital flight control and avionic systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123728650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369500
B. McBryan, J. Hall
This paper describes our concurrent engineering approach for the Rotorcraft Pilots Associate (RPA) program. The process integrates knowledge acquisition, rapid prototyping, and evaluation into a system development process. The approach is an iterative process which gathers knowledge, uses rapid prototyping to develop Cognitive Decision Aiding System software, uses simulation and embedded measures of effectiveness and measures of performance to evaluate the Cognitive Decision Aiding System mission effectiveness. Improvement areas identified in the evaluation feed the next iteration. Army helicopter pilots/copilot-gunners are the primary domain experts for Cognitive Decision Aiding knowledge acquisition and are heavily involved in the crew interface design. This "end user" involvement in the design process ensures feedback early enough to impact development and produces an end product that meets the customers needs.<>
{"title":"Engineering approach for Rotorcraft Pilot's Associate cognitive decision aiding systems development","authors":"B. McBryan, J. Hall","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369500","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes our concurrent engineering approach for the Rotorcraft Pilots Associate (RPA) program. The process integrates knowledge acquisition, rapid prototyping, and evaluation into a system development process. The approach is an iterative process which gathers knowledge, uses rapid prototyping to develop Cognitive Decision Aiding System software, uses simulation and embedded measures of effectiveness and measures of performance to evaluate the Cognitive Decision Aiding System mission effectiveness. Improvement areas identified in the evaluation feed the next iteration. Army helicopter pilots/copilot-gunners are the primary domain experts for Cognitive Decision Aiding knowledge acquisition and are heavily involved in the crew interface design. This \"end user\" involvement in the design process ensures feedback early enough to impact development and produces an end product that meets the customers needs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115294347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-08-01DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369501
B. A. Andrews, W. C. Goeddel
Using rapid prototypes for early validation can accelerate product development in all phases of the development life cycle. The most obvious benefit is the ability to evaluate requirements for applicability and unanticipated errors early in the development life cycle. However, additional benefits can also be realized during the follow-on phases of the development life cycle. These benefits are often not considered as a part of the planning and decision making process regarding systems modeling tools. During the development of the 777 Autopilot Flight Director System (AFDS), system engineers at Collins Air Transport Division (CATD) evaluated both a conventional approach and a rapid prototyping approach in the development of two complex system functions. The lessons learned from this exercise could significantly change the way CATD system engineering teams approach system development in future projects.<>
{"title":"Using rapid prototypes for early requirements validation","authors":"B. A. Andrews, W. C. Goeddel","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369501","url":null,"abstract":"Using rapid prototypes for early validation can accelerate product development in all phases of the development life cycle. The most obvious benefit is the ability to evaluate requirements for applicability and unanticipated errors early in the development life cycle. However, additional benefits can also be realized during the follow-on phases of the development life cycle. These benefits are often not considered as a part of the planning and decision making process regarding systems modeling tools. During the development of the 777 Autopilot Flight Director System (AFDS), system engineers at Collins Air Transport Division (CATD) evaluated both a conventional approach and a rapid prototyping approach in the development of two complex system functions. The lessons learned from this exercise could significantly change the way CATD system engineering teams approach system development in future projects.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116223770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-06-17DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369468
R. McKillip, V. Marzen
The goal of avionics suppliers is to provide air crews timely and accurate information from various other aircraft systems in order to improve the likelihood of mission success and safety. This goal can be met by accurately defining the desires and requirements of the user. Rockwell uses a number of techniques to accomplish this goal. The final display system may well be defined by a number of these inputs combined through a series of trade-offs. Rockwell is a diversified company that addresses many different display markets. This provides a unique opportunity to compare various techniques for developing and meeting user requirements.<>
{"title":"Display technology at Rockwell","authors":"R. McKillip, V. Marzen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369468","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of avionics suppliers is to provide air crews timely and accurate information from various other aircraft systems in order to improve the likelihood of mission success and safety. This goal can be met by accurately defining the desires and requirements of the user. Rockwell uses a number of techniques to accomplish this goal. The final display system may well be defined by a number of these inputs combined through a series of trade-offs. Rockwell is a diversified company that addresses many different display markets. This provides a unique opportunity to compare various techniques for developing and meeting user requirements.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128753324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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