Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369488
R.R. Hornish
This paper overviews the design architecture and operation of the 777 Autopilot Flight Director System (AFDS). The AFDS provides the functions necessary for automatic control and/or flight director guidance of the 777 airplane selected flight path. The system consists of a Mode Control Panel (MCP), which provides the primary interface between the flight crew and the AFDS; three Autopilot Flight Director Computers (AFDCs), which provide triplex computations for the flight director (F/D), autopilot (A/P), maintenance, and backdrive functions; and six backdrive control actuators (BCA), which provide visual and tactile feedback indications to the flight crew through dual redundant control of wheel, column, and pedal positions commanded by the autopilot function.<>
{"title":"777 Autopilot Flight Director System","authors":"R.R. Hornish","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369488","url":null,"abstract":"This paper overviews the design architecture and operation of the 777 Autopilot Flight Director System (AFDS). The AFDS provides the functions necessary for automatic control and/or flight director guidance of the 777 airplane selected flight path. The system consists of a Mode Control Panel (MCP), which provides the primary interface between the flight crew and the AFDS; three Autopilot Flight Director Computers (AFDCs), which provide triplex computations for the flight director (F/D), autopilot (A/P), maintenance, and backdrive functions; and six backdrive control actuators (BCA), which provide visual and tactile feedback indications to the flight crew through dual redundant control of wheel, column, and pedal positions commanded by the autopilot function.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120975229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369503
I.A. Winton
Much of the imprecision of current specifications stems from the fact that many interpretations are possible when the language used has no formal semantics. However the use of formal languages often results in specifications understandable only by experts. A systems engineering tool embodying intuitive graphical formal languages allows executable specifications to be built, and makes formal methods accessible. The paper describes the advantages of such a tool based on several years of experience in space, robotics, commercial airplanes, automobile engineering and medical imaging.<>
{"title":"Multiple domain experience in systems engineering using an executable specifications tool","authors":"I.A. Winton","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369503","url":null,"abstract":"Much of the imprecision of current specifications stems from the fact that many interpretations are possible when the language used has no formal semantics. However the use of formal languages often results in specifications understandable only by experts. A systems engineering tool embodying intuitive graphical formal languages allows executable specifications to be built, and makes formal methods accessible. The paper describes the advantages of such a tool based on several years of experience in space, robotics, commercial airplanes, automobile engineering and medical imaging.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369424
P. A. Izzo
This paper outlines a VHDL-based modeling methodology targeted towards the class of bus functional models that are described by a comprehensive specification. It discusses the basic modeling approach of a specific specification model, a Futurebus+ system model. In addition, the behavioral design of a portion of the system model is illustrated.<>
{"title":"An illustration of specification modeling with VHDL using a Futurebus+ model","authors":"P. A. Izzo","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369424","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines a VHDL-based modeling methodology targeted towards the class of bus functional models that are described by a comprehensive specification. It discusses the basic modeling approach of a specific specification model, a Futurebus+ system model. In addition, the behavioral design of a portion of the system model is illustrated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131327736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369412
R. McCartney, J. Ackerman
An ARINC D-Size, liquid crystal display (LCD) based display unit (DU) for EFIS type applications on commercial transports has been developed. This display unit provides high resolution, full color, grayscale, graphic images for presenting piloting information queues. The DU features: high contrast with an achromatic background over wide viewing angles (both horizontal and vertical), a large color gamut, temperature compensation for graylevel stability, response time compensation for fast moving images, a large graylevel palette to support dimmable, color weather radar images and shading colors for areas such as sky blue, ground amber and tape background grays, heaters for cold temperature start-up and, 100 fL brightness with a 2000:1 dimming range. A custom graphics generator chip set is used to provide anti-aliasing, symbol prioritization, masking, image fusion, and variable line width drawing capability. A high-speed digital data link with data compression provides the interface to the graphics generator located remotely in the aircraft equipment bay. The display system architecture, optical performance and key LCD technology features are reviewed here.<>
{"title":"An ARINC D-Size, liquid crystal display for aircraft primary flight instruments","authors":"R. McCartney, J. Ackerman","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369412","url":null,"abstract":"An ARINC D-Size, liquid crystal display (LCD) based display unit (DU) for EFIS type applications on commercial transports has been developed. This display unit provides high resolution, full color, grayscale, graphic images for presenting piloting information queues. The DU features: high contrast with an achromatic background over wide viewing angles (both horizontal and vertical), a large color gamut, temperature compensation for graylevel stability, response time compensation for fast moving images, a large graylevel palette to support dimmable, color weather radar images and shading colors for areas such as sky blue, ground amber and tape background grays, heaters for cold temperature start-up and, 100 fL brightness with a 2000:1 dimming range. A custom graphics generator chip set is used to provide anti-aliasing, symbol prioritization, masking, image fusion, and variable line width drawing capability. A high-speed digital data link with data compression provides the interface to the graphics generator located remotely in the aircraft equipment bay. The display system architecture, optical performance and key LCD technology features are reviewed here.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122986298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369426
G. Go, J.W. Ianniello
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is installing the third generation of Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE-3) in 35 of the busiest United States airports. This major advancement over existing equipment uses modern radar and display technology to provide ground controllers with a crisp, clutter free display of surface targets, even under conditions of severely limited airport visibility. Modern graphics technology provide flexible traffic situation displays that include airport map overlays on radar data and expanded area windowing capabilities. Recent Research and Development (R&D) enhancements extend the function of ASDE-3 to further aid ground controllers and enhance airport safety. Information from sensors monitoring approaching aircraft, and nonradar sensors reporting aircraft position have been fused to automate potential runway incursion warnings and add aircraft identification tags on traffic situation displays. Significant cost reductions resulting from R&D activities can make it economically feasible to deploy lower cost systems in more airports. This paper describes the design and implementation of ASDE-3, and the improvements that can reduce the burden on controllers, increase airport efficiency, and enhance air travel safety.<>
{"title":"Enhanced airport surface surveillance radar","authors":"G. Go, J.W. Ianniello","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369426","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is installing the third generation of Airport Surface Detection Equipment (ASDE-3) in 35 of the busiest United States airports. This major advancement over existing equipment uses modern radar and display technology to provide ground controllers with a crisp, clutter free display of surface targets, even under conditions of severely limited airport visibility. Modern graphics technology provide flexible traffic situation displays that include airport map overlays on radar data and expanded area windowing capabilities. Recent Research and Development (R&D) enhancements extend the function of ASDE-3 to further aid ground controllers and enhance airport safety. Information from sensors monitoring approaching aircraft, and nonradar sensors reporting aircraft position have been fused to automate potential runway incursion warnings and add aircraft identification tags on traffic situation displays. Significant cost reductions resulting from R&D activities can make it economically feasible to deploy lower cost systems in more airports. This paper describes the design and implementation of ASDE-3, and the improvements that can reduce the burden on controllers, increase airport efficiency, and enhance air travel safety.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114429506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369467
J. Nutaro
User modifiable software is designed and certified to allow for limited modifications by an airline or other user without recertification efforts. User modifiable software is not new in concept. However, recent developments in technology combined with more emphasis by airlines on overall cost reduction have made this approach more attractive.<>
{"title":"Overview of airborne user modifiable software","authors":"J. Nutaro","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369467","url":null,"abstract":"User modifiable software is designed and certified to allow for limited modifications by an airline or other user without recertification efforts. User modifiable software is not new in concept. However, recent developments in technology combined with more emphasis by airlines on overall cost reduction have made this approach more attractive.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114694229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369476
J. Duley, C.A. Miller, E. Schultz, M. Hannen
We report on the use of human resource based simulation tools to initiate performance evaluation of crew station designs very early in the design cycle. These tools, CREWCUT W/Index, use a multiple resource model (Wickens, 1984) of human attention to represent the levels of conflict a human operator incurs when performing tasks in a hypothetical crew station. While similar to workload-based crew station evaluation, our approach differs in that it is grounded in the physical layout of the proposed cockpit and the physical capacities of a human operator, rather than in abstract or subjective notions of workload. Also, we use our methodology for initial design guidance rather than for later evaluation (e.g. TLX, SWAT). Results show extremely rapid capability to study performance effects of multiple crew station design.<>
{"title":"A human resource-based crew station design methodology","authors":"J. Duley, C.A. Miller, E. Schultz, M. Hannen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369476","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the use of human resource based simulation tools to initiate performance evaluation of crew station designs very early in the design cycle. These tools, CREWCUT W/Index, use a multiple resource model (Wickens, 1984) of human attention to represent the levels of conflict a human operator incurs when performing tasks in a hypothetical crew station. While similar to workload-based crew station evaluation, our approach differs in that it is grounded in the physical layout of the proposed cockpit and the physical capacities of a human operator, rather than in abstract or subjective notions of workload. Also, we use our methodology for initial design guidance rather than for later evaluation (e.g. TLX, SWAT). Results show extremely rapid capability to study performance effects of multiple crew station design.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128182550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369451
T. Monaghan, G. Kanawati, J. Abraham, D. Olson, R. Iyer
The Navy's Advanced Avionics Subsystem Technology (AAST) Fault Tolerant program is clarifying the Navy's fault tolerant avionics specifications methods and acceptance tests. The goal of the program will be clarify the Specification and Statement of Work language needed in future procurements and to demonstrate fault tolerant validation tools on an avionics design. A set of tool features will then be developed that spans the needs of fault tolerant computer system design from early concept studies to full scale production and operational support, both hardware and software. The paper will give an overview of the AAST Fault Tolerant Demonstration and focus on two tools that are being used in the demonstration: FERRARI-a software fault injector that will be used to validate the fault tolerance of the Common Integrated Processor (CIP), the F-22 Mission Processor and GRIND, a concept evaluation tool that will be used to evaluate the overall CIP architecture.<>
{"title":"The advanced avionics subsystem technology demonstration program","authors":"T. Monaghan, G. Kanawati, J. Abraham, D. Olson, R. Iyer","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369451","url":null,"abstract":"The Navy's Advanced Avionics Subsystem Technology (AAST) Fault Tolerant program is clarifying the Navy's fault tolerant avionics specifications methods and acceptance tests. The goal of the program will be clarify the Specification and Statement of Work language needed in future procurements and to demonstrate fault tolerant validation tools on an avionics design. A set of tool features will then be developed that spans the needs of fault tolerant computer system design from early concept studies to full scale production and operational support, both hardware and software. The paper will give an overview of the AAST Fault Tolerant Demonstration and focus on two tools that are being used in the demonstration: FERRARI-a software fault injector that will be used to validate the fault tolerance of the Common Integrated Processor (CIP), the F-22 Mission Processor and GRIND, a concept evaluation tool that will be used to evaluate the overall CIP architecture.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130269123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369454
J. Ryan
The fault tolerant air data inertial reference system (FT/ADIRS) is now in the final stages of production development. The FT/ADIRS consists of the fault tolerant air data inertial reference unit (FT/ADIRU), the secondary air data altitude reference unit (SAARU), and six air data modules (ADM). The ADIRU is the primary navigation unit of the FT/ADIRS. This paper presents the FT/ADIRU production flight test performance data. A comparison of the FT/ADIRU hexad configuration with the conventional triad sensor configuration is also discussed in this paper along with a description of the functionality of the inertial reference software. The production flight tests confirm that the FT/ADIRU provides a high performance navigation system. In addition, the ADIRS provides exceptional benefits to the airlines, which include deferred maintenance capability, significantly fewer schedule interruptions, and substantial operating cost benefits.<>
{"title":"Performance test results of the production fault tolerant air data inertial reference system","authors":"J. Ryan","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369454","url":null,"abstract":"The fault tolerant air data inertial reference system (FT/ADIRS) is now in the final stages of production development. The FT/ADIRS consists of the fault tolerant air data inertial reference unit (FT/ADIRU), the secondary air data altitude reference unit (SAARU), and six air data modules (ADM). The ADIRU is the primary navigation unit of the FT/ADIRS. This paper presents the FT/ADIRU production flight test performance data. A comparison of the FT/ADIRU hexad configuration with the conventional triad sensor configuration is also discussed in this paper along with a description of the functionality of the inertial reference software. The production flight tests confirm that the FT/ADIRU provides a high performance navigation system. In addition, the ADIRS provides exceptional benefits to the airlines, which include deferred maintenance capability, significantly fewer schedule interruptions, and substantial operating cost benefits.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131361579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369428
R. Hambly, R. Oishi
Aircraft traffic management on the airport surface will require the effective utilization of communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS). This paper describes an experiment which provides a glimpse of future automation. The experiment combines precision surface radar, high-accuracy differential GPS (DGPS) position determination, automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), and ground and airborne automation systems able to inter-communicate via a VHF data link. In particular, this paper describes the air/ground communications provided by the VHF Data Link. Two classes of messages are processed: continual and ad hoc. The former include DGPS corrections, ADS messages and target data. The latter include graphical taxi clearances and hold bar set-reset information. The work described in this paper is the result of a cooperative venture among NASA, Westinghouse-Norden Systems and ARINC.<>
{"title":"Aircraft traffic management on the airport surface using VHF data link for CNS","authors":"R. Hambly, R. Oishi","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369428","url":null,"abstract":"Aircraft traffic management on the airport surface will require the effective utilization of communications, navigation and surveillance (CNS). This paper describes an experiment which provides a glimpse of future automation. The experiment combines precision surface radar, high-accuracy differential GPS (DGPS) position determination, automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), and ground and airborne automation systems able to inter-communicate via a VHF data link. In particular, this paper describes the air/ground communications provided by the VHF Data Link. Two classes of messages are processed: continual and ad hoc. The former include DGPS corrections, ADS messages and target data. The latter include graphical taxi clearances and hold bar set-reset information. The work described in this paper is the result of a cooperative venture among NASA, Westinghouse-Norden Systems and ARINC.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116832646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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