Pub Date : 1994-11-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369427
D.R. Jones, S. Young
Two studies are being conducted to address airport surface movement area safety and capacity issues by providing enhanced situational awareness information to pilots. One study focuses on obtaining pilot opinion of the Runway Status Light System (RSLS). This system has been designed to reduce the likelihood of runway incursions by informing pilots when a runway is occupied. The second study is a night demonstration of an integrated system consisting of an electronic moving map in the cockpit and display of the aircraft identification to the controller. Taxi route and hold bar clearances, positions of other traffic, and warning information will be sent to the aircraft via data link for display on the electronic moving map. This paper describes the plans for the two studies.<>
{"title":"Enhancing pilot situational awareness of the airport surface movement area","authors":"D.R. Jones, S. Young","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369427","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies are being conducted to address airport surface movement area safety and capacity issues by providing enhanced situational awareness information to pilots. One study focuses on obtaining pilot opinion of the Runway Status Light System (RSLS). This system has been designed to reduce the likelihood of runway incursions by informing pilots when a runway is occupied. The second study is a night demonstration of an integrated system consisting of an electronic moving map in the cockpit and display of the aircraft identification to the controller. Taxi route and hold bar clearances, positions of other traffic, and warning information will be sent to the aircraft via data link for display on the electronic moving map. This paper describes the plans for the two studies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127368584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-11-03DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369431
V. M. Batson, Randall L. Harris, P. J. Hunt
Recent advances in the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and ground/aircraft data-links provide a basis for the generation of an accurate cockpit navigational map display including data-linked ATC-cleared ground routes. Such an electronic map may have the potential to improve pilots' situation awareness and taxi performance and thereby lessen runway incursions. The objective of this simulator study was to assess the potential improvements in these areas when using an advanced electronic map (compared to using today's paper map) under two outside scene visibility levels. Results showed average taxi speed increased under both good and poor visibilities, by as much as 24 percent, due in part to eliminating the time used for orientation with the paper map. Pilots made only one-third as many errors as well and commented that they believed that the electronic map gave them better awareness.<>
{"title":"Navigating the airport surface: electronic vs. paper maps","authors":"V. M. Batson, Randall L. Harris, P. J. Hunt","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369431","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances in the Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) and ground/aircraft data-links provide a basis for the generation of an accurate cockpit navigational map display including data-linked ATC-cleared ground routes. Such an electronic map may have the potential to improve pilots' situation awareness and taxi performance and thereby lessen runway incursions. The objective of this simulator study was to assess the potential improvements in these areas when using an advanced electronic map (compared to using today's paper map) under two outside scene visibility levels. Results showed average taxi speed increased under both good and poor visibilities, by as much as 24 percent, due in part to eliminating the time used for orientation with the paper map. Pilots made only one-third as many errors as well and commented that they believed that the electronic map gave them better awareness.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132683582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369484
S.S. Osder
McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems' (MDHS) Canard rotor/wing (CRW) concept performs as a rotary-wing aircraft for take-off and hover, and as a fixed-wing aircraft for high speed cruise. It combines advantages of a helicopter with cruise efficiency approaching that of an airplane. A key technology involved in achieving this combination is the highly integrated flight and propulsion controls associated with interaction of rotor dynamics, aerodynamics, engine performance, and flight path kinematics. This paper describes the dynamic interactions associated with achieving transition flight from the helicopter mode to the fixed-wing mode. Also described is an integrated navigation, guidance and control system design, including a low-cost sensor and processing architecture which provides capability for autonomous Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) operation.<>
{"title":"Integrated navigation, guidance, and control for Canard rotor/wing (CRW) aircraft","authors":"S.S. Osder","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369484","url":null,"abstract":"McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems' (MDHS) Canard rotor/wing (CRW) concept performs as a rotary-wing aircraft for take-off and hover, and as a fixed-wing aircraft for high speed cruise. It combines advantages of a helicopter with cruise efficiency approaching that of an airplane. A key technology involved in achieving this combination is the highly integrated flight and propulsion controls associated with interaction of rotor dynamics, aerodynamics, engine performance, and flight path kinematics. This paper describes the dynamic interactions associated with achieving transition flight from the helicopter mode to the fixed-wing mode. Also described is an integrated navigation, guidance and control system design, including a low-cost sensor and processing architecture which provides capability for autonomous Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) operation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124876199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369416
F. Shigemoto
The NASA Dryden Flight Test Center (DFRC) evaluated an optical device used as a visual aid in landing hypervelocity aircraft. Pilot performance in landing an F-104 instrumented with the Research External Vision Device (REVD) at Edwards Air Force Base was characterized by means of precision laser tracking and telemetry of the aircraft state. A self-contained mobile laser tracking system and telemetry acquisition system was designed and configured to provide the required position tracking and telemetry acquisition. Wireless air links providing internet connectivity to the DRFC computer network and automation of initial target acquisition for laser track operation were key factors in the development of a low cost, mobile position tracking and telemetry capability operable by a single person. Mission data support capabilities include real-time laser tracking and correlation with telemetry data; real-time displays; and internet access to all acquired flight test data.<>
{"title":"Mobile flight test support","authors":"F. Shigemoto","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369416","url":null,"abstract":"The NASA Dryden Flight Test Center (DFRC) evaluated an optical device used as a visual aid in landing hypervelocity aircraft. Pilot performance in landing an F-104 instrumented with the Research External Vision Device (REVD) at Edwards Air Force Base was characterized by means of precision laser tracking and telemetry of the aircraft state. A self-contained mobile laser tracking system and telemetry acquisition system was designed and configured to provide the required position tracking and telemetry acquisition. Wireless air links providing internet connectivity to the DRFC computer network and automation of initial target acquisition for laser track operation were key factors in the development of a low cost, mobile position tracking and telemetry capability operable by a single person. Mission data support capabilities include real-time laser tracking and correlation with telemetry data; real-time displays; and internet access to all acquired flight test data.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126031770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369429
A. Jain
Developments in MMIC (Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits) technology and ceramic electronic scan antennas have made low power, low-cost, millimeter-wave radars practical. Two such radar systems scheduled for high-volume commercial production are the W-Band Adaptive Cruise Control Radar for automobile collision avoidance and the Ka-Band Landing Aids Radar for the airborne enhanced vision system. Data collected at the Los Angeles International Airport for aircraft and surface traffic, in various modes of operation, is presented. The data shows that these radar systems can reliably measure the position and velocity of an aircraft or a surface vehicle in the different situations encountered on the airport surface. A system utilizing a collection of these radar units can provide reliable runway incursion warnings. These radar units, in combination with an interrogation and identification system can be used to provide the needed data inputs to an airport traffic planner, or alternatively to enhance the performance of a primary airport surface surveillance system.<>
{"title":"Applications of millimeter-wave radars to airport surface surveillance","authors":"A. Jain","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369429","url":null,"abstract":"Developments in MMIC (Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits) technology and ceramic electronic scan antennas have made low power, low-cost, millimeter-wave radars practical. Two such radar systems scheduled for high-volume commercial production are the W-Band Adaptive Cruise Control Radar for automobile collision avoidance and the Ka-Band Landing Aids Radar for the airborne enhanced vision system. Data collected at the Los Angeles International Airport for aircraft and surface traffic, in various modes of operation, is presented. The data shows that these radar systems can reliably measure the position and velocity of an aircraft or a surface vehicle in the different situations encountered on the airport surface. A system utilizing a collection of these radar units can provide reliable runway incursion warnings. These radar units, in combination with an interrogation and identification system can be used to provide the needed data inputs to an airport traffic planner, or alternatively to enhance the performance of a primary airport surface surveillance system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116042264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369421
B. Barron
Measurement of airspeed is one of the basic parameters required in the operation of an aircraft. A number of traditional sensing methods are available for fixed wing aircraft. Rotorcraft with their ability to hover as well as fly sideways and even backwards requires different sensing techniques.<>
{"title":"Omni directional airspeed sensing","authors":"B. Barron","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369421","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of airspeed is one of the basic parameters required in the operation of an aircraft. A number of traditional sensing methods are available for fixed wing aircraft. Rotorcraft with their ability to hover as well as fly sideways and even backwards requires different sensing techniques.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116059961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369414
M. Beacken, D. Seals
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is being overwhelming embraced as the protocol for future broadband communications. Its broad acceptance has initiated products and services from every segment of the telecommunications and multimedia industry. The widespread availability these products have prompted an initial investigation into its use for avionics. This paper relates the basic tenants of the ATM protocol to avionics requirements and discuss its applicability for unifying modern avionics networks. The final segment of the paper describes a commercially available product that could serve as a technology demonstration vehicle for further evaluation studies.<>
{"title":"ATM application to digital avionics","authors":"M. Beacken, D. Seals","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369414","url":null,"abstract":"Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is being overwhelming embraced as the protocol for future broadband communications. Its broad acceptance has initiated products and services from every segment of the telecommunications and multimedia industry. The widespread availability these products have prompted an initial investigation into its use for avionics. This paper relates the basic tenants of the ATM protocol to avionics requirements and discuss its applicability for unifying modern avionics networks. The final segment of the paper describes a commercially available product that could serve as a technology demonstration vehicle for further evaluation studies.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116533987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369464
M.W. Johnson
Airlines and airframers are looking increasingly beyond initial costs to life-cycle-costs, support and re-design costs. A potential path to benefits in these areas being explored today is integrated modular avionics (IMA). In order to support increased commonality and modularity within avionics, the burden of fault-isolation, fault-tolerance and redundancy is placed upon those subcomponents which will become the building-blocks of those systems. To further exploit architectural commonality it will be particularly important to standardize those functions and signals that interface as I/O between modules. One of the interface signal types which has been problematic in federated architectures and will continue to be problematic in modular architectures is the "discrete"; 28V-based switch and relay signals that provide binary status over a wide range of applications. Historically, the interface has been custom-tailored, using resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors, for each unique platform and black-box; redesigned for each new requirement. Customer requirements have been aggregated to develop a standard product that adds function, reliability, fault-tolerance as well as ease of interface to digital avionic systems.<>
{"title":"Discrete interface devices","authors":"M.W. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369464","url":null,"abstract":"Airlines and airframers are looking increasingly beyond initial costs to life-cycle-costs, support and re-design costs. A potential path to benefits in these areas being explored today is integrated modular avionics (IMA). In order to support increased commonality and modularity within avionics, the burden of fault-isolation, fault-tolerance and redundancy is placed upon those subcomponents which will become the building-blocks of those systems. To further exploit architectural commonality it will be particularly important to standardize those functions and signals that interface as I/O between modules. One of the interface signal types which has been problematic in federated architectures and will continue to be problematic in modular architectures is the \"discrete\"; 28V-based switch and relay signals that provide binary status over a wide range of applications. Historically, the interface has been custom-tailored, using resistors, capacitors, diodes, and transistors, for each unique platform and black-box; redesigned for each new requirement. Customer requirements have been aggregated to develop a standard product that adds function, reliability, fault-tolerance as well as ease of interface to digital avionic systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122791318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369475
R. Smith-Gillespie, J. Cicinelli
The readability of fixed-format, liquid crystal displays in flight deck installations has recently become a subject of industry wide comment and discussion. Pilots have stated that LCDs mounted in flight deck instruments and control panels present inadequate readability levels when viewed in bright ambient environments. To better understand the relationships between display character legibility and key display parameters, a human subject evaluation was performed simulating daylight cockpit environments. The study varied character luminance and display contrast in several ambient environments, including very bright forward fields, to determine their effect on display recognition response speed and error rates. The results showed monotonically decreasing response time with increasing character luminance. The data also show that for the numeric displays used, a response time of around one second could be achieved with a total character luminance of 50 to 55 foot lamberts.<>
{"title":"Fixed format liquid crystal display readability in bright ambient environments","authors":"R. Smith-Gillespie, J. Cicinelli","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369475","url":null,"abstract":"The readability of fixed-format, liquid crystal displays in flight deck installations has recently become a subject of industry wide comment and discussion. Pilots have stated that LCDs mounted in flight deck instruments and control panels present inadequate readability levels when viewed in bright ambient environments. To better understand the relationships between display character legibility and key display parameters, a human subject evaluation was performed simulating daylight cockpit environments. The study varied character luminance and display contrast in several ambient environments, including very bright forward fields, to determine their effect on display recognition response speed and error rates. The results showed monotonically decreasing response time with increasing character luminance. The data also show that for the numeric displays used, a response time of around one second could be achieved with a total character luminance of 50 to 55 foot lamberts.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121572219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1994-10-30DOI: 10.1109/DASC.1994.369446
A. Brown, W. Sward
This paper describes the architecture of a fully digital receiver designed for Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite radionavigation and other spread spectrum applications. By directly sampling L-band radio frequencies with a minimum of analog components, phase coherent measurements can be made across a broad range of frequencies, enabling a set of measurements to be optimally combined from signals of different frequencies. Band pass sampling techniques allow measurements across a 400 MHz bandwidth with signal downconversion performed by digital techniques. The receiver incorporates a unique software configurable topology for frequency selection that enables filter parameters to be loaded dynamically, achieving rapid change of tracking frequency. This allows the receiver channels to be configured for GPS navigation or spread spectrum communications simply through software commands.<>
{"title":"Digital downconversion test results with a broadband L-band GPS receiver","authors":"A. Brown, W. Sward","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1994.369446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1994.369446","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the architecture of a fully digital receiver designed for Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite radionavigation and other spread spectrum applications. By directly sampling L-band radio frequencies with a minimum of analog components, phase coherent measurements can be made across a broad range of frequencies, enabling a set of measurements to be optimally combined from signals of different frequencies. Band pass sampling techniques allow measurements across a 400 MHz bandwidth with signal downconversion performed by digital techniques. The receiver incorporates a unique software configurable topology for frequency selection that enables filter parameters to be loaded dynamically, achieving rapid change of tracking frequency. This allows the receiver channels to be configured for GPS navigation or spread spectrum communications simply through software commands.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":246447,"journal":{"name":"AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. 13th DASC","volume":"481 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124497529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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