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2009 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance最新文献

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Interactive views for analyzing problem reports 用于分析问题报告的交互式视图
Pub Date : 2009-12-31 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306384
P. Knab, B. Fluri, H. Gall, M. Pinzger
Issue tracking repositories contain a wealth of information for reasoning about various aspects of software development processes. In this paper, we focus on bug triaging and provide visual means to explore the effort estimation quality and the bug life-cycle of reported problems. Our approach follows the Micro/Macro reading technique and uses a combination of graphical views to investigate details of individual problem reports while maintaining the context provided by the surrounding data population. This enables the detection and detailed analysis of hidden patterns and facilitates the analysis of problem report outliers. In an industrial study, we use our approach in various problem report analysis scenarios and answer questions related to effort estimation and resource planning.
问题跟踪存储库包含大量的信息,用于对软件开发过程的各个方面进行推理。在本文中,我们关注bug分类,并提供可视化的方法来探索所报告问题的工作量、质量和bug生命周期。我们的方法遵循微观/宏观阅读技术,并使用图形视图组合来调查单个问题报告的细节,同时保持周围数据人口提供的上下文。这使得可以检测和详细分析隐藏的模式,并有助于分析问题报告的异常值。在一项工业研究中,我们在各种问题报告分析场景中使用我们的方法,并回答与工作量估计和资源计划相关的问题。
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引用次数: 14
Analysis of pervasive multiple-component defects in a large software system 大型软件系统中普遍存在的多组件缺陷分析
Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306307
Zude Li, Mechelle Gittens, Syed Shariyar Murtaza, N. Madhavji, A. Miranskyy, David Godwin, Enzo Cialini
Certain software defects require corrective changes repeatedly in a few components of the system. One type of such defects spans multiple components of the system, and we call such defects pervasive multiple-component defects (PMCDs). In this paper, we describe an empirical study of six releases of a large legacy software system (of approx. size 20 million physical lines of code) to analyze PMCDs with respect to: (1) the complexity of fixing such defects and (2) the persistence of defect-prone components across phases and releases. The overall hypothesis in this study is that PMCDs inflict a greater negative impact than do other defects on defect-correction efficacy. Our findings show that the average number of changes required for fixing PMCDs is 20–30 times as much as the average for all defects. Also, over 80% of PMCD-contained defect-prone components still remain defect-prone in successive phases or releases. These findings support the overall hypothesis strongly. We compare our results, where possible, to those of other researchers and discuss the implications on maintenance processes and tools.
某些软件缺陷需要在系统的几个组件中反复进行纠正性更改。其中一种类型的缺陷跨越了系统的多个组件,我们称这种缺陷为普适性多组件缺陷(pmcd)。在本文中,我们描述了一个大型遗留软件系统的六个版本的实证研究。大小为2000万行物理代码)来分析pmcd(1)修复这些缺陷的复杂性,以及(2)跨阶段和发布的容易出现缺陷的组件的持久性。本研究的总体假设是pmcd对缺陷矫正效果的负面影响大于其他缺陷。我们的发现表明,修复pmcd所需的平均更改次数是所有缺陷的平均更改次数的20-30倍。同样,超过80%的pmcd包含的容易产生缺陷的组件在连续的阶段或版本中仍然容易产生缺陷。这些发现有力地支持了整个假设。在可能的情况下,我们将我们的结果与其他研究人员的结果进行比较,并讨论维护过程和工具的含义。
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引用次数: 9
Refining clustering evaluation using structure indicators 利用结构指标改进聚类评价
Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306306
Mark Shtern, Vassilios Tzerpos
The evaluation of the effectiveness of software clustering algorithms is a challenging research question. Several approaches that compare clustering results to an authoritative decomposition have been presented in the literature. Existing evaluation methods typically compress the evaluation results into a single number. They also often disagree with each other for reasons that are not well understood. In this paper, we introduce a novel set of indicators that evaluate structural discrepancies between software decompositions. They also allow researchers to investigate the differences between existing evaluation approaches in a reduced search space. Several experiments with real software systems showcase the usefulness of the introduced indicators.
软件聚类算法的有效性评价是一个具有挑战性的研究问题。文献中提出了几种将聚类结果与权威分解进行比较的方法。现有的评价方法通常将评价结果压缩为单个数字。他们也经常因为一些不太清楚的原因而意见不一致。在本文中,我们引入了一套新的指标来评估软件分解之间的结构差异。它们还允许研究人员在减少的搜索空间中调查现有评估方法之间的差异。在实际软件系统上的几个实验表明了所引入的指标的有效性。
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引用次数: 12
Balancing value and modifiability when planning for the next release 在计划下一个版本时平衡价值和可修改性
Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306280
Anas Jadallah, M. Galster, M. Moussavi, G. Ruhe
Planning the next release in software release planning addresses the problem of assigning features to the next release such that technical, resource, risk, and budget constraints are met. This paper studies the planning for the next release of an evolving system from a bi-criteria perspective. We introduce a method called NRP-trade-off to adjust baseline release plans for more modifiability by replacing lower value features with features having a higher modifiability. For that purpose, we include a new approach for feature modeling and assessing modifiability by applying object-oriented design metrics to the feature domain. We also briefly introduce a case study.
在软件发布计划中,计划下一个版本解决了为下一个版本分配特性以满足技术、资源、风险和预算限制的问题。本文从双标准的角度研究了一个不断发展的系统的下一个版本的计划。我们引入了一种称为nrp -权衡的方法,通过用具有较高可修改性的特性替换较低价值的特性来调整基线发布计划,以获得更多的可修改性。为此,我们引入了一种新的方法,通过将面向对象的设计度量应用于特征域,对特征建模和可修改性进行评估。我们还简要介绍了一个案例研究。
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引用次数: 3
Feature location in COBOL mainframe systems: An experience report COBOL大型机系统中的特性定位:一份经验报告
Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306312
J. Geet, S. Demeyer
Over the last decade, numerous techniques have been proposed in the literature to reverse engineer large legacy systems, several of them even claiming success on industrial scale. Consequently, when faced with a reverse engineering request from a large banking company, we decided to reuse an existing technique (namely, feature location using formal concept analysis on execution profiles) and see whether we could replicate their results. This paper reports our experience with such a replication experiment: we list those things that worked well (and fortunately, there were quite a few) and those things that did not work so well (and try to identify root causes and solutions for the problems we encountered).
在过去的十年中,文献中提出了许多技术来对大型遗留系统进行逆向工程,其中一些甚至声称在工业规模上取得了成功。因此,当面对来自大型银行公司的逆向工程请求时,我们决定重用现有的技术(即,在执行概要文件上使用正式概念分析的特征定位),并查看我们是否可以复制他们的结果。本文报告了我们在这样一个复制实验中的经验:我们列出了那些工作良好的东西(幸运的是,有相当多的东西)和那些工作不太好的东西(并试图找出我们遇到的问题的根本原因和解决方案)。
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引用次数: 13
Performance impact analysis with KPP using application response measurement in E-government systems 基于应用响应测量的电子政务系统绩效影响分析
Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306282
N. Yoo
In this paper, the performance impact analysis of e-government systems with key performance parameters is being considered. Meaningful impact analysis in sustained government systems is required for considering non-functional requirements and functional requirements. Performance requirements are a critical component of non-functional areas. For example, if a new system change is set to the system, the impact in terms of the response time must be implemented in each sub-system. In this paper, an XML-based framework can be used to analyze performance impacts on sub-systems and can provide a scheme to enhance impact analysis by performance monitoring using application response measurement. Through a health system example as a case study, a performance requirement model to describe extended trees and adapting analysis result of performance monitoring using application response measurement and XML tree representation are addressed. This paper also proposes a scheme for prioritized processing and an algorithm for effectively enhancing impact analysis in a timely fashion.
本文考虑了电子政务系统的关键绩效参数对系统绩效的影响分析。需要对持续的政府系统进行有意义的影响分析,以考虑非功能需求和功能需求。性能需求是非功能性领域的关键组成部分。例如,如果对系统设置了新的系统更改,则必须在每个子系统中实现响应时间方面的影响。在本文中,可以使用基于xml的框架来分析对子系统的性能影响,并可以提供一种方案,通过使用应用程序响应度量进行性能监控来增强影响分析。以一个卫生系统为例,讨论了一个性能需求模型来描述扩展树,并利用应用程序响应度量和XML树表示来适应性能监控的分析结果。本文还提出了一种优先处理方案和一种及时有效地增强影响分析的算法。
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引用次数: 0
A survey-based study of the mapping of system properties to ISO/IEC 9126 maintainability characteristics 基于调查的系统属性映射到ISO/IEC 9126可维护性特征的研究
Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306346
José Pedro Correia, Y. Kanellopoulos, Joost Visser
The ISO/IEC 9126 international standard for software product quality is a widely accepted reference for terminology regarding the multi-faceted concept of software product quality. Based on this standard, the Software Improvement Group has developed a pragmatic approach for measuring technical quality of software products. This quality model introduces another level below the hierarchy defined by ISO/IEC 9126, which consists of system properties such as volume, duplication, unit complexity and others. A mapping between system properties and ISO/IEC 9126 characteristics is defined in a binary fashion: a property either influences a characteristic or not. This mapping embodies consensus among three experts based, in an informal way, on their experience in software quality assessment. We have conducted a survey-based experiment to study the mapping between system properties and quality characteristics. We used the Analytic Hierarchy Process as a formally structured method to elicit the relative importance of system properties and quality characteristics from a group of 22 software quality experts. We analyzed the results of the experiment with two objectives: (i) to validate the original binary mapping and (ii) to refine the mapping using the elicited relative weights.
软件产品质量的ISO/IEC 9126国际标准是一个广泛接受的关于软件产品质量的多方面概念的术语参考。基于这个标准,软件改进组开发了一个实用的方法来测量软件产品的技术质量。这个质量模型在ISO/IEC 9126定义的层次结构之下引入了另一个层次,它由系统属性(如体积、复制、单元复杂性等)组成。系统属性和ISO/IEC 9126特征之间的映射以二进制方式定义:属性影响特征或不影响特征。这个映射以一种非正式的方式体现了三位专家基于他们在软件质量评估方面的经验的共识。我们进行了一项基于调查的实验来研究系统属性与质量特征之间的映射关系。我们使用层次分析法作为一种正式的结构化方法,从一组22名软件质量专家中引出系统属性和质量特征的相对重要性。我们分析实验结果有两个目标:(i)验证原始的二进制映射,(ii)使用引出的相对权重来改进映射。
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引用次数: 42
What motivate software engineers to refactor source code? evidences from professional developers 是什么激励软件工程师重构源代码?来自专业开发者的证据
Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306290
Yi Wang
Refactoring is an increasingly practiced method in industry software development. However, existing research mostly focus on the technical aspect of refactoring, we still know little about the human behavior domain on this issue. Software developer's motivation has been recognized as a key human factor for the software development and maintenance tasks, therefore, identifying what motivates software developer refactor their (or others) source code will bring both theoretical and practical implications. In this paper, we report our case studies in four software development organizations. Through interviews with 10 professional software developers, we identified the major factors that motivate their refactoring activities. An empirical model on refactoring motivation is also presented based on the data collected.
重构是工业软件开发中越来越常用的一种方法。然而,现有的研究大多集中在重构的技术方面,我们对这个问题的人类行为领域知之甚少。软件开发人员的动机已经被认为是软件开发和维护任务的关键人为因素,因此,确定软件开发人员重构其(或他人)源代码的动机将带来理论和实践意义。在本文中,我们报告了我们在四个软件开发组织中的案例研究。通过对10位专业软件开发人员的采访,我们确定了激发他们重构活动的主要因素。在此基础上,提出了重构动机的实证模型。
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引用次数: 32
Introducing a test suite similarity metric for event sequence-based test cases 为基于事件序列的测试用例引入测试套件相似性度量
Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306305
Penelope A. Brooks, A. Memon
Most of today's event driven software (EDS) systems are tested using test cases that are carefully constructed as sequences of events; they test the execution of an event in the context of its preceding events. Because sizes of these test suites can be extremely large, researchers have developed techniques, such as reduction and minimization, to obtain test suites that are “similar” to the original test suite, but smaller. Existing similarity metrics mostly use code coverage; they do not consider the contextual relationships between events. Consequently, reduction based on such metrics may eliminate desirable test cases. In this paper, we present a new parameterized metric, CONTeSSi(n) which uses the context of n preceding events in test cases to develop a new context-aware notion of test suite similarity for EDS. This metric is defined and evaluated by comparing four test suites for each of four open source applications. Our results show that CONT eSSi(n) is a better indicator of the similarity of EDS test suites than existing metrics.
今天的大多数事件驱动软件(EDS)系统都是使用仔细构建为事件序列的测试用例进行测试的;它们在前一个事件的上下文中测试事件的执行情况。由于这些测试套件的大小可能非常大,研究人员已经开发了一些技术,例如减少和最小化,以获得与原始测试套件“相似”但更小的测试套件。现有的相似性度量主要使用代码覆盖率;他们不考虑事件之间的上下文关系。因此,基于这些度量的缩减可能会消除理想的测试用例。在本文中,我们提出了一个新的参数化度量,CONTeSSi(n),它使用测试用例中n个先前事件的上下文来为EDS开发一个新的上下文感知的测试套件相似性概念。这个度量是通过比较四个开源应用程序的四个测试套件来定义和评估的。我们的结果表明,CONT eSSi(n)是EDS测试套件相似性的一个比现有指标更好的指标。
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引用次数: 15
Measuring the progress of projects using the time dependence of code changes 使用代码变更的时间依赖性来度量项目的进度
Pub Date : 2009-10-30 DOI: 10.1109/ICSM.2009.5306313
Omar Alam, Bram Adams, A. Hassan
Tracking the progress of a project is often done through imprecise manually gathered information, like progress reports, or through automatic metrics such as Lines Of Code (LOC). Such metrics are too coarse-grained and too imprecise to capture all facets of a project. In this paper, we mine the code changes in the source code repository and study the concept of time dependence of code changes. Using this concept, we can track the progress of a software project as the progress of a building. We can examine how changes build on each other over time and determine the impact of these changes on the quality of a project. In particular, we study whether new changes are built just-in-time or if they build on older, stable code. Through a case study on two large open source projects (PostgreSQL and FreeBSD), we show that time dependence varies across projects and throughout the lifetime of each project. We also show that there is a high linear correlation between building on new code and the occurrence of bugs.
跟踪项目的进度通常是通过不精确的人工收集的信息来完成的,比如进度报告,或者通过自动度量,比如代码行(Lines of Code, LOC)。这样的量度过于粗粒度和不精确,无法捕获项目的所有方面。本文对源代码库中的代码变更进行了挖掘,并研究了代码变更的时间依赖性概念。使用这个概念,我们可以像跟踪建筑的进度一样跟踪软件项目的进度。我们可以检查变更是如何随着时间的推移相互建立的,并确定这些变更对项目质量的影响。特别是,我们研究新的变更是否及时构建,或者是否构建在较旧的、稳定的代码上。通过对两个大型开源项目(PostgreSQL和FreeBSD)的案例研究,我们展示了时间依赖性在不同的项目和每个项目的整个生命周期中是不同的。我们还展示了在新代码上构建和bug发生之间存在高度的线性相关性。
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引用次数: 12
期刊
2009 IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance
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