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The influence of feelings on the Chinese generation Z's consumer behavior of electronic products — based on the moderating effect of 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics 情感对中国Z世代电子产品消费行为的影响——基于2022年北京冬奥会的调节效应
Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v6i1.251
Shi Hai, Xinyuan Yin, Xinhui Li, Yi Qu
This study studies the influence of patriotism and ethnocentrism on the consumption behavior of Chinese Z generation's electronic products at home and abroad, and the moderating effect of 2020 Beijing Winter Olympic Games on the above relationship. Through the empirical analysis of the data, this study confirms that patriotism can enhance the sense of belonging and national pride of generation Z, while ethnocentrism can enhance the sense of national superiority of generation Z. This paper also found that national pride and ethnocentrism can improve the willingness of generation Z to consume domestic electronic products, while generation Z's ethnocentrism will reduce their willingness to consume foreign electronic products. Additionally, this study found that the 2020 Beijing Winter Olympic Games has an enhanced effect on the impact of national pride and national superiority on the consumption of domestic electronic products. It also has an enhanced on the impact of national superiority on the consumption of foreign electronic products. In the end, this paper provides suggestions for the electronic product industry at home and abroad, which has practical significance.
本研究研究了爱国主义和民族中心主义对中国Z世代电子产品国内外消费行为的影响,以及2020年北京冬奥会对上述关系的调节作用。通过对数据的实证分析,本研究证实爱国主义可以增强Z世代的归属感和民族自豪感,而民族中心主义可以增强Z世代的民族优越感。本文还发现,民族自豪感和民族中心主义可以提高Z世代消费国内电子产品的意愿,而Z世代的民族中心主义会降低Z世代消费国外电子产品的意愿。此外,本研究发现,2020年北京冬奥会对民族自豪感和民族优越感对国内电子产品消费的影响作用增强。民族优势对国外电子产品消费的影响也有所增强。最后,本文对国内外电子产品行业提出了建议,具有现实意义。
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引用次数: 0
Capital market intermediation and manufacturing sector financing in Nigeria 尼日利亚的资本市场中介和制造业融资
Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v6i1.247
Ikeobi Nneka Rosemary
This paper assesses the intermediary role of the Nigerian Capital Market in financing the manufacturing sector, by examining the relationships between proxies of capital market intermediation and manufacturing output. To examine the relationships, secondary data covering a 13-year period from 2008 to 2020 were obtained from the Statistical Bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The secondary data included manufacturing output (MANUF), market capitalization (MCAP), equities (EQUITY) and corporate bonds (CORPBD). Manufacturing output was used as dependent variable, while capital market instruments, namely, equities and corporate bonds were proxies for capital market intermediation. Market capitalization was also included as proxy for capital market intermediation. Analysis was carried out using a multiple regression model and ordinary least squares technique. Results showed that market capitalization has positive and significant impact on manufacturing output; corporate bonds have negative but insignificant impact while equities have significant negative impact on manufacturing output. These findings have shown that although the Nigerian capital market possesses the potential to mobilize funds from the economy, it was not a source of finance for the manufacturing sector. It is therefore recommended that effort should be made by policy makers to remove all identified impediments that would deter entrepreneurs and manufacturing firms from accessing funds from the capital market.
本文通过考察资本市场中介代理与制造业产出之间的关系,评估了尼日利亚资本市场在制造业融资中的中介作用。为了检验这种关系,从尼日利亚中央银行的统计公报中获得了2008年至2020年13年期间的二手数据。二级数据包括制造业产出(MANUF)、市值(MCAP)、股票(EQUITY)和公司债券(CORPBD)。制造业产出被用作因变量,而资本市场工具,即股票和公司债券是资本市场中介的代理。市值也被包括在内,作为资本市场中介的代理。采用多元回归模型和普通最小二乘技术进行分析。结果表明:市场资本化对制造业产出有显著的正向影响;公司债券对制造业产出的影响为负但不显著,而股票对制造业产出的影响为显著负。这些调查结果表明,尽管尼日利亚资本市场具有从经济中调动资金的潜力,但它不是制造业的资金来源。因此,建议决策者应作出努力,消除所有已查明的阻碍企业家和制造公司从资本市场获得资金的障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Capital structure on Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Indian Manufacturing Industry 资本结构对企业绩效的影响:来自印度制造业的经验证据
Pub Date : 2022-12-02 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v5i2.244
Shrabanti Pal
The study is an attempt to examine empirically the impact of capital structure on firm performance using a data sample of 56 Indian manufacturing firms listed on Bombay Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange or both during 2010-2022. The study uses three financial performance measures namely return on assets, return on capital employed and earnings per share as dependent variables. The eight capital structure measures such as long-term debt, short-term debt, interest coverage ratio, current ratio, growth, tangibility, non debt tax shield and size are used as independent variables. The data are divided into three sectors including steel, cement and automobile. The correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis are used in the study to estimate the impact of capital structure on firm performance. The empirical result shows that firm performance has a negative relationship with short and long term debt in most of the studied sectors. In the automotive sector, long-term debt is positively related to return on capital employed. Liquidity is negatively related to firm performance in the cement and automotive industries. Non-debt tax shield is positively related to firm performance as measured by return on capital employed and earnings per share in the cement and automotive industries, respectively, while interest coverage ratio is positively correlated with firm performance in the cement industry.
本研究试图利用2010-2022年期间在孟买证券交易所、国家证券交易所或两者上市的56家印度制造业公司的数据样本,实证检验资本结构对企业绩效的影响。该研究使用三项财务绩效指标,即资产回报率、已动用资本回报率和每股收益作为因变量。将长期债务、短期债务、利息覆盖率、流动比率、增长、有形资产、非债务税盾和规模等八项资本结构指标作为自变量。这些数据分为钢铁、水泥和汽车三个行业。本研究采用相关分析和多元回归分析来评估资本结构对企业绩效的影响。实证结果表明,在大多数被研究的行业中,企业绩效与短期和长期债务呈负相关。在汽车行业,长期债务与资本回报率正相关。流动性与水泥和汽车行业的公司业绩负相关。非债务税盾分别以水泥和汽车行业的资本回报率和每股收益衡量,与公司业绩呈正相关,而利息覆盖率与水泥行业的公司业绩呈正相关。
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引用次数: 0
Foreign Exchange Reserves and Import Demand in a Developing Economy: New Evidence from Nigeria 发展中经济体的外汇储备与进口需求:来自尼日利亚的新证据
Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v5i2.240
U. Effiong
The attempt in this study has been to detect the influence of foreign exchange reserves on import demand in Nigeria. With data spanning from 2000 to 2020, we estimated the long-run and short-run import demand function using ‘fully modified ordinary least squares’ and ‘error correction model’ respectively after we established that our variables were integrated of the first order and that cointegration exists. The long-run import demand function pointed out that the effect of foreign exchange reserves on import demand is positive but insignificant but such effect turned negative and significant in the short-run. Import price was also noted to put forth a negative sway on import demand with its effect being significant. Income was observed to wield a positive long-run influence on import demand while the effect of exchange rate was positive and significant in the long-run but became negative and significant in the short-run. By the elasticity coefficients, income elasticity put forth a greater influence on import demand compared to every other variable with the coefficient being greater than unity. It therefore becomes pertinent for actions toward reducing the income coefficient to less than or equal to one to be instituted. It is critical that import demand management be regarded as an aspect of an inclusive stabilization strategy. Imports should be targeted as part of this effort to compensate for shortfalls in domestic production. Furthermore, strategies that reduce government spending or raise taxes (contractionary fiscal policy) could reduce income growth which is a chief driver of import demand.
本研究的目的是检测尼日利亚外汇储备对进口需求的影响。利用2000年至2020年的数据,我们分别使用“完全修正的普通最小二乘”和“误差修正模型”估计了长期和短期进口需求函数,我们确定了我们的变量是一阶积分的,协整存在。长期进口需求函数指出,外汇储备对进口需求的影响为正但不显著,但这种影响在短期内变为负且显著。进口价格也对进口需求产生负面影响,其影响显著。研究发现,收入对进口需求的长期影响为正,而汇率的长期影响为正且显著,但短期影响为负且显著。从弹性系数来看,收入弹性对进口需求的影响大于其他变量,且该系数大于1。因此,采取行动将收入系数降低到小于或等于1是恰当的。必须将进口需求管理视为包容性稳定战略的一个方面。作为弥补国内生产不足的努力的一部分,应该有针对性地进口。此外,减少政府支出或提高税收(紧缩财政政策)的策略可能会降低收入增长,而收入增长是进口需求的主要推动力。
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引用次数: 0
The Exasperating Economic Misery in Nigeria: Can we Depend on Monetary Policy? 尼日利亚令人恼火的经济困境:我们能依靠货币政策吗?
Pub Date : 2022-09-15 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v5i2.230
U. Effiong, J. Okon, Nnaemeka Peter Arinze
The core objective of this study was to detect the influence of monetary policy on economic misery in Nigeria from 1991 to 2021. The study employed the Granger causality test, autoregressive lag (ARDL) bounds test for cointegration, the fully modified ordinary least squares, impulse response function, and the variance decomposition in analyzing the data. From the Granger causality test, it was realized that a one-way causality flows from the monetary policy rate to economic growth. The ARDL bounds test for cointegration validated the existence of a long-run relationship between monetary policy rate and economic misery in Nigeria. From the long-run estimates, it was observed that the effect of monetary policy rate on economic misery is positive and significant. Furthermore, it was realized that the effect of monetary policy rate on inflation has been positive and significant, while the effect on unemployment has been negative but insignificant. The impulse response function portrayed that economic misery responded positively to shocks in monetary policy in the short-run but such response is being decomposed in the long-run. These findings therefore justify the Central Bank of Nigeria’s stance of increasing the monetary policy rate to tackle inflation, which will hitherto reduce the economic misery in Nigeria.
本研究的核心目标是检测货币政策对1991年至2021年尼日利亚经济苦难的影响。本研究采用格兰杰因果检验、协整自回归滞后(ARDL)界检验、全修正普通最小二乘、脉冲响应函数和方差分解等方法对数据进行分析。通过格兰杰因果检验,发现货币政策利率与经济增长之间存在单向因果关系。协整的ARDL边界检验验证了尼日利亚货币政策利率与经济痛苦之间存在长期关系。从长期估计来看,货币政策利率对经济痛苦的影响是积极和显著的。此外,货币政策利率对通货膨胀的影响是显著的,而对失业的影响是显著的。脉冲响应函数描述了经济痛苦在短期内对货币政策冲击的积极反应,但这种反应在长期内正在分解。因此,这些发现证明尼日利亚中央银行提高货币政策利率以解决通货膨胀的立场是合理的,这将减少尼日利亚的经济痛苦。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Regional Formal Institution and Foreign Direct Investment in the Performance of Tourism Firms 区域正式制度和外国直接投资对旅游企业绩效的作用
Pub Date : 2022-07-15 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v5i2.224
Yaoan Wu, Dayu Wang, Jiatong Bao, Jing Qu
Tourism, as one of the important pillar industries of China's economic development, has also made rapid development. At the same time, the number and the scale of tourism enterprises are also growing. This study collects the marketization index of each province in China, the actual level of foreign capital utilization in each province, and the return on total assets and return on equity of listed tourism companies. In addition, the evaluation of corporate social performance is collected by questionnaire with 500 responses. The results of the model show that the regional formal institution has a significant impact on the financial performance of tourism companies. The total index of marketization, the development of factor markets, the development of market-intermediate institutions and legal framework have significant positive effects on the ROA of tourism listed companies. Foreign direct investment has no significant impact on the performance of tourism listed companies; however, it has impact on their performance under the mediation of regional formal institutions. The total market index, the relationship between government and markets, the development of non-state enterprise sector, the development of factor markets the development of market-intermediate institutions and legal framework have moderating effects on the impact of FDI on ROA. Regional formal institution has a significant impact on consumer perception of social performance of tourism enterprises.
旅游业作为中国经济发展的重要支柱产业之一,也取得了快速发展。与此同时,旅游企业的数量和规模也在不断增长。本研究收集了中国各省的市场化指数、各省利用外资的实际水平、旅游上市公司的总资产收益率和股本收益率。此外,对企业社会绩效的评价采用500份问卷收集。模型结果表明,区域正式制度对旅游公司财务绩效有显著影响。市场化总指数、要素市场的发展、市场中介机构的发展和法律框架对旅游上市公司的总资产回报率有显著的正向影响。外商直接投资对旅游类上市公司绩效影响不显著;然而,在区域正式制度的中介作用下,这对他们的绩效有影响。总市场指数、政府与市场的关系、非国有企业部门的发展、要素市场的发展、市场中介制度和法律框架的发展对FDI对总资产回报率的影响具有调节作用。区域正式制度对消费者对旅游企业社会绩效的感知有显著影响。
{"title":"The Role of Regional Formal Institution and Foreign Direct Investment in the Performance of Tourism Firms","authors":"Yaoan Wu, Dayu Wang, Jiatong Bao, Jing Qu","doi":"10.53935/26415313.v5i2.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53935/26415313.v5i2.224","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism, as one of the important pillar industries of China's economic development, has also made rapid development. At the same time, the number and the scale of tourism enterprises are also growing. This study collects the marketization index of each province in China, the actual level of foreign capital utilization in each province, and the return on total assets and return on equity of listed tourism companies. In addition, the evaluation of corporate social performance is collected by questionnaire with 500 responses. The results of the model show that the regional formal institution has a significant impact on the financial performance of tourism companies. The total index of marketization, the development of factor markets, the development of market-intermediate institutions and legal framework have significant positive effects on the ROA of tourism listed companies. Foreign direct investment has no significant impact on the performance of tourism listed companies; however, it has impact on their performance under the mediation of regional formal institutions. The total market index, the relationship between government and markets, the development of non-state enterprise sector, the development of factor markets the development of market-intermediate institutions and legal framework have moderating effects on the impact of FDI on ROA. Regional formal institution has a significant impact on consumer perception of social performance of tourism enterprises.","PeriodicalId":247473,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Management and Finance Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115578784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring the Factors Affecting Annual Turnover of the Firms: A Case Study of Selected Manufacturing Industries in India 衡量企业年营业额的影响因素:以印度制造业为例
Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v5i2.211
A. K. Singh, Sanjeevani Kumar
The manufacturing sector works as an engine of growth as it creates the conducive path for socio-economic development. In the said perspective, numerous studied have empirically proved the positive contribution of manufacturing sector in social – economic development. However, limited studies could examine the factors affecting manufacturing sector in different industries in India. Thus, this study assessed the determinants of the annual turnover of the firms in the Indian manufacturing sector. For aforementioned investigation, it used financial statistics of 154 selected Indian manufacturing firms which were operating in seven different industries (i.e., automobile and auto component, chemicals and petrochemicals, construction, electronics, industrial equipment & machinery, pharmaceuticals, and textiles and apparels) from nine states of India. Log-linear regression model under the stochastic frontier production function technique was considered to examine the impact of specific factors on the annual turnover of the firms. It highlighted that annual turnover of the firms was significantly reflected with labour intensity; firm's age and size, R&D expenditure, and technology up-gradation; investment on machinery; annual salary of workers, skilled and un-skilled manpower. The findings of this study also indicate that India is required to adopt strict intellectual property rights (IPRs) policy to reduce the imitation rate of technologies for further improvement in technology transfer and commercialization. Effective education system, science & technology (S&T) and conducive research & development (R&D) ecosystem would be supportive to increase the performance of firms in the Indian manufacturing sector. It also provides the research direction to validate the empirical findings of this study.
制造业是经济增长的引擎,为社会经济发展开辟了有利的道路。在这一视角下,大量研究实证证明了制造业对社会经济发展的积极贡献。然而,有限的研究可以检查影响印度不同行业制造业的因素。因此,本研究评估了印度制造业企业年营业额的决定因素。对于上述调查,它使用了来自印度九个州的154家印度制造公司的财务统计数据,这些公司在七个不同的行业(即汽车和汽车零部件,化学品和石化产品,建筑,电子,工业设备和机械,制药,纺织品和服装)中运营。采用随机前沿生产函数技术下的对数线性回归模型,考察了特定因素对企业年营业额的影响。它强调指出,公司的年营业额明显反映在劳动强度上;企业年龄与规模、研发支出与技术升级;机械投资;工人、熟练工人和非熟练工人的年薪。研究结果还表明,印度需要采取严格的知识产权政策,以降低技术模仿率,从而进一步提高技术转让和商业化水平。有效的教育体系、科学技术和有利的研发生态系统将有助于提高印度制造业企业的绩效。为验证本研究的实证结果提供了研究方向。
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引用次数: 1
Trust Research on Didi Platform: About Influencing Factors and Willingness to Use 滴滴平台信任研究:影响因素与使用意愿
Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v5i1.208
Yaoan Wu, Nan Ban, Xiangyu Chen, Dayu Wang, Songyu Li
Along with the expansion of the scope of the “sharing” economy, creating more values by sharing exist resources is becoming increasingly common, facilitating energy saving and emission reduction and realizing mutual benefits in the ridesharing economy. Ridesharing, with Didi Chuxing as a popular ride-hailing and representative platform, has become a trend in recent years. However, the ride-hailing industry is faced with problems and challenges due to limitations and inadequate standardization of its institutions. In the industrialization of the ridesharing economy, lack of relevant policies and regulations and limitations of institutional environment leads to many problems. How to improve the trust of the users in the industry by the platform operation mechanism and thus ensure the steady growth of the transaction volume and users becomes the tasks that the whole industry needs to address. Taking "Didi platform" as the research object, this paper investigates the platform operation mechanism and consumers' trust in the third party ridesharing platform. The results show that : 1) the security mechanism of the ridesharing platforms, including payment security, price mechanism and feedback mechanism, as well as the influential factors of social system, including the reputation of platforms and government supervision. The platform reputation has the most significant impact; 2) payment security and shop owners certification mechanism can significantly reduce the transaction risk perceived by consumers, and then affect their intentions of use; 3) there is a positive transfer relationship between consumers’ trust in platforms and their trust in the driver group of the platforms.
随着“共享”经济范围的扩大,通过共享现有资源创造更多价值的现象越来越普遍,在共享经济中促进节能减排,实现互利共赢。近年来,以滴滴出行为代表的拼车已成为一种趋势。然而,由于其制度的局限性和不规范,网约车行业面临着问题和挑战。在拼车经济的产业化过程中,相关政策法规的缺失和制度环境的限制导致了许多问题。如何通过平台运营机制提高用户对行业的信任度,从而保证交易量和用户的稳定增长,成为整个行业需要解决的任务。本文以“滴滴平台”为研究对象,调查平台运行机制和消费者对第三方拼车平台的信任程度。研究结果表明:1)拼车平台的安全机制,包括支付安全、价格机制和反馈机制,以及社会系统的影响因素,包括平台声誉和政府监管。平台声誉的影响最为显著;2)支付安全和店主认证机制可以显著降低消费者感知到的交易风险,进而影响其使用意愿;3)消费者对平台的信任与对平台驱动群体的信任之间存在正迁移关系。
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引用次数: 0
Green Employee Involvement and Non-Financial Corporate Performance in of Deposit Money Banks of in South-West, Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部储蓄银行绿色员工参与与非金融企业绩效
Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v5i1.205
Sule Olatuni Eniola, Alagah, Drusilia Adekemi, Oshi, Joseph Eo
This study is to access the effect of one of the green human resource management practices (green employee involvement) on few non-financial performances of deposit money banks in South-West, Nigeria. The study examined the relationship between green employee involvement and non-financial corporate performance in of deposit money banks of in South-West, Nigeria. The actual problem that necessitated the research is to see if green employee involvement could be used in solving some of the unethical behaviours and attitudes in our deposit money banks especially in South-West, Nigeria. Survey design was used. The study population was the managerial staff of deposit money banks in the South-West of Nigeria with 330 as the sample size depending on Krejcie and Morgan sample determining table. Simple random sampling technique was applied to administer the research instrument. Structural Equation Modelling - AMOS was used in testing the three (3) hypotheses. The findings revealed that there is relationship between green employee involvement and non-financial corporate performance and that green employee involvement positively aid the non-financial performance in of deposit money banks in South-West, Nigeria. Hence, the study recommended that green employee involvement organisations willing to increase their operational efficiency and innovation should embrace green employee involvement.
本研究旨在探讨绿色人力资源管理实践之一(绿色员工参与)对尼日利亚西南部存款银行少数非财务绩效的影响。本研究考察了尼日利亚西南部某存款银行绿色员工参与与非金融企业绩效之间的关系。需要研究的实际问题是,看看绿色员工参与是否可以用于解决我们存款银行的一些不道德行为和态度,特别是在尼日利亚西南部。采用调查设计。研究人群为尼日利亚西南部存款银行的管理人员,根据Krejcie和Morgan样本确定表,样本量为330人。研究仪器的管理采用简单随机抽样技术。结构方程模型- AMOS用于检验三(3)个假设。研究发现,绿色员工参与与非财务企业绩效之间存在一定的关系,并且绿色员工参与对尼日利亚西南部储蓄银行的非财务绩效有积极的促进作用。因此,研究建议,有意提高运作效率和创新的绿色员工参与机构,应拥抱绿色员工参与。
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引用次数: 0
Can VI be a Supportive Product for Rapid Growth of Digital-Banking in Economy: Seeking Attentions for Policy-Design Country-Wise VI能否成为数字银行经济快速发展的支撑产品:寻求国家层面政策设计的关注
Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.53935/26415313.v5i1.204
A. Rahman
Today’s human-race lives in world of business-mentality where services are carried-out in a competitive manner. It has resulted technology-driven lifestyles. Meeting these advancement-needs in multi-faucets, maintaining customer-loyalty has become a strategic mandate in today's service-markets. Banking services are no exception. It is carried-out in a competitive mode that has resulted using digital banking-services in economy country-wise. However, since the beginning of its journey, the perceived-risk factors have been undermining the growth-trend of digital-banking-usages in economy country-wise such as Bangladesh. Inclusion of Voluntary Insurance (VI), a new product in digital-banking services, can be an impetus meeting the challenges - perceived risk-factors such as trust-issue, psychological risk of probable direct monetary-costs such as hidden charges, extra fees, account hacked etc. This proposed product can be supportive in increasing values that are what will keep the banks be growing. As a result, it can ensure booming-economy country-wise. If there is no new value to offer, banks wilts and eventually dies. Economic-growth-trends of countries surely endorse adding new legal product(s), which will improve society beyond just satisfactions of customers. This new supportive product can be lifeblood to banks as human society are moving ahead.
今天的人类生活在商业思维的世界里,服务是以竞争的方式进行的。它导致了技术驱动的生活方式。在当今的服务市场中,满足这些发展需求,保持客户忠诚度已成为一项战略任务。银行服务也不例外。它是在竞争模式下进行的,导致在国家经济中使用数字银行服务。然而,从一开始,风险因素就一直在破坏数字银行在孟加拉国等经济发达国家的使用增长趋势。自愿保险(VI)是数字银行服务中的一种新产品,它可以成为应对挑战的动力——感知风险因素,如信任问题、可能的直接货币成本的心理风险,如隐藏费用、额外费用、账户被黑客入侵等。这个提议的产品可以支持增加价值,这将使银行保持增长。因此,它可以确保国家经济的蓬勃发展。如果不能提供新的价值,银行就会萎缩,最终消亡。各国的经济增长趋势肯定支持增加新的合法产品,这将改善社会,而不仅仅是满足客户的需求。随着人类社会的进步,这种新的支持性产品可以成为银行的生命线。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Business Management and Finance Research
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