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COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE OF INDONESIA WITH COMPETITIVE COUNTRIES FOR EXPORTING OF WORLD SPICES 印度尼西亚与世界香料出口竞争国家的比较优势
Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v2i1.52181
Herdiana Anggrasari, Wahyu Adhi Saputro
Exports are an important component in the economy. The higher the export performance, the greater the positive impact. Indonesia is one of the producers of spices and is included in the 5 largest spice producing countries in the world so that it has great opportunities and potential to be developed. This study aims to determine the comparison of Indonesia's comparative advantage with competing countries for world spice exports. This study uses the basic analytical descriptive method. The data used in this research is secondary data. Secondary data in this study include data on area area, production, productivity from FAO (fao.org) and data on exports and imports from UN Comtrade (comtrade.un.org). Based on the results of the research, it can be seen that Indonesia is still in the top 4 position in the world spice commodity exporter. When viewed from the acreage and production of spices, Indonesia is still in the top rank, especially in the commodities of cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg. In the international market, it can be seen that the percentage of the market share for Indonesian spices is in fourth place.
出口是经济的重要组成部分。出口实绩越高,正向影响越大。印度尼西亚是香料生产国之一,是世界上五大香料生产国之一,因此它有很大的发展机会和潜力。本研究的目的是确定比较印尼的比较优势与竞争国家的世界香料出口。本研究采用基本的分析描述性方法。本研究使用的数据为二手数据。本研究的次要数据包括来自粮农组织(fao.org)的面积、产量和生产率数据,以及来自联合国商品贸易组织(comtrade.un.org)的进出口数据。根据研究结果可以看出,印度尼西亚在世界香料商品出口国中仍处于前4位。从香料的种植面积和产量来看,印度尼西亚仍然处于世界前列,特别是在肉桂、丁香和肉豆蔻等商品方面。在国际市场上,可以看到印尼香料的市场份额百分比排名第四。
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引用次数: 1
THE VIOLATION OF IMMUNITY AND DIPLOMATIC RIGHTS: A STUDY OF INDONESIAN EMBASSY WIRETAPPING CASE IN MYANMAR 2003-2004 IN THE ASEAN COMMUNITY SECURITY RESISTANCE BASED ON THE 1961 VIENNA CONVENTION 侵犯豁免和外交权利:基于1961年《维也纳公约》的东盟共同体安全抵抗中2003-2004年印度尼西亚驻缅甸大使馆窃听案研究
Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v3i1.52145
C. J. Theacornelia, E. Latifah
Immunity rights and diplomatic immunity are guaranteed protection of the rights granted by the international community legally through a collective agreement in the 1961 Vienna Convention to the diplomatic representatives to be able to perform their duties properly. The guarantee rights are in the form of the right to do their activities, the right from immunity to regulation regarding assets acquired, including the place of the embassy building. Wiretapping is an effort or attempt to legally invade the private space of another party. At the state level, wiretapping can be used as a threat for security issues. In this study, the author tried to describe the case of wiretapping the Indonesian Embassy in Myanmar in 2004. Besides explaining through the Vienna Convention perspective, as Myanmar and Indonesia are ASEAN Member Countries, the author will try to reveal ASEAN role mainly in ASEAN Security Community project.
豁免权和外交豁免是国际社会通过1961年《维也纳公约》集体协议在法律上赋予外交代表妥善履行职责的权利的保障。保障权利的形式是开展活动的权利、获得的资产(包括大使馆大楼的所在地)不受管制的权利。窃听是合法侵入另一方私人空间的一种努力或尝试。在国家层面,窃听可以作为安全问题的威胁。在本研究中,作者试图描述2004年印度尼西亚驻缅甸大使馆窃听案。除了通过《维也纳公约》的视角进行解释外,由于缅甸和印度尼西亚都是东盟成员国,笔者将主要揭示东盟在东盟安全共同体项目中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
China’s Mask Diplomacy: Health Assistance for South Pacific Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v3i1.52186
Monica Rhasintya Indira Amarilys, E. Latifah
During the COVID-19 pandemic, which generates many negative areas in the field of life, China has become one that shines. China  tends to actively contribute to international activities in combating COVID-19.  One of the ways is trying to provide assistance to countries affected by COVID-19, one of which is the Pacific countries. This article will explain China's diplomatic efforts to Pacific countries through the distribution of health assistance. Improving China's image is the motive behind this activity. By using the literature study method, this article will discuss more about the reasons behind China's diplomacy in the form of providing health assistance.
在新冠肺炎疫情给生活领域带来诸多负面影响的背景下,中国成为了其中一个亮点。中方一贯积极参与国际抗疫活动。其中一种方式是努力向受COVID-19影响的国家提供援助,其中之一是太平洋国家。这篇文章将通过卫生援助的分发来解释中国对太平洋国家的外交努力。改善中国形象是这一活动背后的动机。本文将采用文献研究法,更多地探讨中国以卫生援助形式进行外交背后的原因。
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引用次数: 0
Culture Strategy of Baha’is: Case Study in Pati, Central Java, Indonesia 巴哈伊的文化战略:以印度尼西亚中爪哇省帕蒂为例
Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v2i2.52196
M. Rosyid
This article based on research carried out in 2021 among the Baha'i religious community in the village of Cebolek Kidul, District Margoyoso, Pati regency, Central Java. Baha’i is an independent religion although sometime people mistaken as a religious sect. Baha’i was first known in Persia in 1840s and came to Indonesia in 1870 brought by medical experts joint a UN’s program and merchants. Data of this article were collected through interviews, observations, documentations and focus group discussion. In Cebolek, there are 25 people of 9 families who observe Baha’i. The contributing factors to the consistency of the Baha'is in Pati (1) understand the meaning of prayer and worship, (2) the Bahai declarator, Mirza Husein, has the title Baha'u'llah who is believed to be a descendant of the saint, (3) Baha'i teachings have no conflict with the principles of humanity, (4) the Baha'i were inspired by the Baha'ullah spirit which was opposed by the religious community which previously existed (Islam) in Persia (Iran) from the beginning he spread his religion. The Bahai people face this opposition as a consequence, (5) the Baha’i people realize that the Baha’i experienced a phase of development through the stages of majhuliyah (unknown period), maqhuriyah (a period of opposition / hindrance), infisoliyah (a period of isolation /separation) with the majority community, istiqlaliyah (period of deliverance), rosmiyah (period of legalization / inauguration), gholabiyah (period of victory), and dzahabiyah (golden period).Culture strategy of the Baha’i in Pati, (1) the Baha'i social behavior in Cebolek Kidul Village adapts and adopts the traditions of the local Muslim nahdliyin, (2) blend with local muslims, (3) no longer speaking out their unfulfilled aspirations and rights by the regional government to the central government and NGOs (4) actively attend internal Bahai regular meetings and forums organized by Bahai institutions, (6) their worship was not widely publicized so it did not trigger any reactions, (7) obey the Bahá'í law based on Kitáb-i-Aqdas, (8) protect themselves by not publishing the Aqdas holy book to the public so that conflicts would not arise due to their teachings that were suspected of being similar to the teachings of Islam, (9) organizing informal education for students of local Muslim children. Six months of learning, in 2015 local Muslim leaders responded negatively because they were vulnerable to Muslim students becoming apostates, eventually resigning. Various efforts (in addition to ruhi institute learning) has a positive impact on Baha'is. First, the local Muslim community dug up the tomb and attended the funeral when the Baha'i died, even though there were two grave diggers in Cebolek Kidul Village, the first group was not pleased to reverse the tomb under the pretext of different religions, while the second group reversed the tomb under the pretext of humanity. The village government provides grave land (which is now only used by
本文基于2021年在中爪哇省帕提县Margoyoso区Cebolek Kidul村的巴哈伊宗教社区进行的研究。巴哈伊是一个独立的宗教,虽然有时人们误认为是一个教派。巴哈伊教最早于19世纪40年代在波斯被人所知,1870年由联合国项目的医学专家和商人带到印度尼西亚。本文的数据收集通过访谈,观察,文献和焦点小组讨论。在Cebolek,有9个家庭的25个人信奉巴哈伊教。巴哈教徒在帕蒂的一致性的贡献因素是:(1)理解祈祷和崇拜的意义;(2)巴哈教徒的宣讲者Mirza Husein有巴哈欧拉的头衔,被认为是圣人的后代;(3)巴哈伊教义与人类的原则没有冲突;(4)巴哈伊教徒受到巴哈欧拉精神的启发,而巴哈欧拉精神从一开始就被波斯(伊朗)先前存在的宗教团体(伊斯兰教)所反对。(5)巴哈伊人认识到,巴哈伊经历了一个发展阶段,经历了majhuliyah(未知时期)、maqhuriyah(反对/阻碍时期)、inisoliyah(与多数社区隔离/分离时期)、istiqlaliyah(解脱时期)、rosmiyah(合法化/宣誓时期)、gholabiyah(胜利时期)和dzahabiyah(黄金时期)等阶段。帕提巴哈伊的文化策略:(1)Cebolek Kidul村巴哈伊的社会行为适应并采纳了当地穆斯林nahdliyin的传统;(2)与当地穆斯林融合;(3)不再向中央政府和非政府组织表达他们未实现的愿望和权利;(4)积极参加巴哈伊机构组织的内部例会和论坛;(6)他们的崇拜没有被广泛宣传,因此没有引发任何反应。(7)遵守以Kitáb-i-Aqdas为基础的bah í法律;(8)保护自己,不向公众出版阿格达斯圣书,以免因其教义被怀疑与伊斯兰教教义相似而引起冲突;(9)为当地穆斯林儿童的学生组织非正式教育。经过6个月的学习,2015年当地的穆斯林领导人反应消极,因为他们很容易受到穆斯林学生成为叛教者的影响,最终辞职。各种努力(除了如希学院的学习)对巴哈伊教徒产生了积极的影响。首先,当地的穆斯林社区在巴哈教徒去世时掘墓并参加了葬礼,尽管在Cebolek Kidul村有两个掘墓人,但第一个群体以不同宗教为借口不愿意将坟墓翻过来,而第二个群体以人性为借口将坟墓翻过来。村政府提供墓地(现在只有巴哈人使用),根据2016年Cebolek Kidul村条例第7号,它被指定为公共墓地。其次,在葬礼后为巴哈伊伊斯兰教/NU(读为tahlil)祈祷五次。巴哈伊教徒也参加了在殡仪馆举行的死后祈祷。第三,巴哈伊葬礼与穆斯林葬礼由当地穆斯林分开,由村政府提供专用土地。这是因为公共墓地只允许穆斯林居住,不允许埋葬巴哈伊教徒。积极的影响是,位于社区虾塘边缘的巴哈伊教徒的坟墓看起来很宽敞,不像穆斯林/公共墓地那么拥挤。积极的反应始于巴哈伊教徒的努力,他们成为建造当地穆斯林礼拜场所的捐助者。与此同时,拥有资金和土地的巴哈教派居民,他们为他们的穆斯林邻居提供资金他们希望养牛,在稻田和鱼塘工作,实行利润分成制度。巴哈伊教徒继续自然地融入他们的环境,他们避免犯罪行为和违反社会规范的行为,他们遵守穆斯林多数人商定的规则,他们的崇拜不被广泛宣传,并在家中进行崇拜。关键词:巴哈伊,战略,文化
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the Indonesian Consulate General Role in Hong Kong and the Implementation of Consular Functions 分析印尼驻香港总领事馆的角色及领事职能的执行情况
Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v3i1.52182
Audila Andamita Ashari
In 1951, Indonesia established the office of the Consultant General of the Republic of Indonesia in Hong Kong to braid economic cooperation in the region. As one of the world's trade centers, Hong Kong is an important trading partner for Indonesia. On the other side, as a part of China, Hong Kong does not have sufficient natural and human resources to meet its needs. There is a sense of interdependence, making their relationship last until today. This paper aims to determine Indonesian Consulate General role in Hong Kong and the implementation of consular unctions. with liberalism theory and descriptive literature research methods, the author concludes that the Indonesian Consulate General in Hong Kong organizes and participates in various trade economic activities. These efforts are said to be successful because they have had a positive impact on the development of the Indonesian economy.
1951年,印度尼西亚在香港设立了印度尼西亚共和国总顾问办事处,以促进该区域的经济合作。香港是世界贸易中心之一,是印尼重要的贸易伙伴。另一方面,作为中国的一部分,香港没有足够的自然资源和人力资源来满足其需要。有一种相互依存的感觉,使他们的关系持续到今天。本文旨在确定印尼总领事馆在香港的角色和领事职能的执行情况。笔者运用自由主义理论和描述性文献研究方法,得出印尼驻香港总领事馆组织和参与各种经贸活动的结论。据说这些努力是成功的,因为它们对印度尼西亚经济的发展产生了积极的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Shifting Profession from Service to Online Business in ASEAN Region 东盟地区从服务行业向网络业务转型
Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v2i1.52165
Tika Tazkya Nurdyawati, Badra Jultouriq Rahman, R. A. Ramadhan

The Covid-19 pandemic is pushing a multidimensional crisis, especially in the economic field. The most affected sector in this regard are service workers. With the type of work that was supposed to interact directly is now constrained by government policies; stay at home, lockdown and more. This article aims to examine the phenomenon of Termination of Employment in the ASEAN Region and analyze its adaptive solution through transformation. This article utilizes various software such as Publish or Perish for searching the amount of previous literature and VOSViewer for bibliometric analysis. Within the conceptual framework of New Regionalism, this article finds an opportunity in shifting profession of layoff victims in the service sector into an online businesser (e-commerce) as a survival and superior way forASEAN’s economic during pandemic. This article expected to give benefits both in terms of literature academics and practicality for the micro community in order to  drive ASEAN development from the buttom-up scheme.

新冠肺炎大流行正在推动一场多方面的危机,特别是在经济领域。在这方面受影响最大的部门是服务工作者。原本应该直接互动的工作类型现在受到政府政策的限制;呆在家里,封锁等等。本文旨在考察东盟地区的劳动合同终止现象,并通过转型分析其适应性解决方案。本文利用各种软件如Publish or Perish进行文献检索,VOSViewer进行文献计量分析。在新区域主义的概念框架下,本文发现了将服务业下岗人员的职业转变为在线商业(电子商务)的机会,这是东盟经济在大流行期间的生存和优势途径。本文希望为微观社区提供文献、学术和实践上的双重裨益,以推动东盟自下而上的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Indonesia-Netherlands Diplomatic and Consular Relations 印尼与荷兰外交领事关系分析
Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v2i2.52146
G. D. Priambodo
In order to improve the quality of international cooperation, the Indonesian nation must be able to improve the quality and performance of foreign officials so that they are able to carry out proactive diplomacy in all fields to build a positive image of Indonesia in the international world. Through this article, the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and the Netherlands will be analyzed specifically, both diplomatic and consular relations. The result,diplomatic relations between the governments of Indonesia and the Netherlands have been in accordance with Law Number 37 of 1999, but in practice it has not been implemented properly in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations, so on this occasion I will discuss further about diplomatic relations between Indonesia and the Netherlands which had temporarily interrupted by several influencing factors including the revocation of the Dutch embassy in Indonesia named Rob Swartbol due to protests against the execution by the Indonesian government against a Dutch citizen named Ang Kim Soe or vice versa the revocation of the Indonesian embassy in the Netherlands because it will be held consultations by their respective countries, both the Netherlands and Indonesia, on their embassies.
为了提高国际合作的质量,印度尼西亚民族必须能够提高外国官员的素质和表现,使他们能够在各个领域开展积极的外交,在国际上树立印度尼西亚的积极形象。通过本文,将具体分析印尼与荷兰的外交关系,包括外交关系和领事关系。结果,印尼和荷兰政府之间的外交关系一直是按照1999年第37号法律建立的,但在实践中并没有按照适用的法律法规正确执行。所以在这个场合,我将进一步讨论印尼和荷兰之间的外交关系,这一关系曾因几个影响因素而暂时中断,包括撤销荷兰驻印尼大使馆,因为抗议印尼政府处决荷兰公民Ang Kim Soe,反之亦然,撤销印尼驻荷兰大使馆,因为这将由他们各自进行磋商包括荷兰和印度尼西亚在内的国家的大使馆。
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引用次数: 0
Indonesian Government’s Efforts to Cooperate with Malaysia’s Government in Protecting Educational Rights of Indonesian Migrant Workers Children (Case Study: Children of Indonesian Migrant Workers in Sabah) 印尼政府与马来西亚政府合作保护印尼外来务工人员子女受教育权利的努力(以沙巴印尼外来务工人员子女为例)
Pub Date : 2021-08-25 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v2i2.52149
Dita Aprilia Yuvanti
Indonesia and Malaysia are geographically close countries. That is one of the reason why many Indonesian Migrant Workers come to Malaysia to look for a job. Although Malaysian Immigration Agency has banned migrants from bringing their families with them, there are still 50.000 Indonesian children in Sabah who work with their parents. But these children do not get a proper education. This study aims to examine how Indonesian Government response and effort to fulfill the protection of the education rights of Indonesian migrant children in Sabah, Malaysia. Using the concept of Soft Power Diplomacy and Legal Protection for Children, this study concludes that the Indonesian government has sought legal protection and education for Indonesian children in Sabah from discrimination by establishing diplomatic relations with Malaysia, NGO Humana Child Aid Society, Kota Kinabalu Indonesian School, and the Community Learning Center.
印度尼西亚和马来西亚是地理上相近的国家。这也是许多印尼移民工人来马来西亚找工作的原因之一。尽管马来西亚移民局禁止移民携带家人,但仍有5万名印尼儿童在沙巴与父母一起工作。但这些孩子没有得到适当的教育。本研究旨在检视印尼政府如何因应及努力落实在马来西亚沙巴的印尼移民儿童的受教育权保护。本研究运用软实力外交与儿童法律保护的概念,认为印尼政府透过与马来西亚、非政府组织Humana儿童援助协会、哥打京那巴鲁印尼学校、社区学习中心建立外交关系,为沙巴的印尼儿童寻求法律保护与教育,使其不受歧视。
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引用次数: 0
From The Lack of Women Representation to the Case of Comfort Women: An Analysis of Gender Issues in Diplomacy and Diplomatic Relations 从女性代表性缺失到慰安妇事件——外交与外交关系中的性别问题分析
Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v2i2.52147
Syifa Azzahra, E. Latifah
As time goes by, public awareness of gender issues is reaching an uphill trend, due to the increasing number of activism movements concerning it. The scope of diplomacy is not an aspect that is free from the problem of gender inequality. Starting with analyzing the under-representation of women in diplomatic posts issue, to the case of comfort women that characterizes diplomatic relations between South Korea and Japan, this article aims to provide an illustration that shows the fact of even though there has been better inclusiveness, there is still nevertheless a need for reforms in the world diplomacy system to be more open to the principals of gender equality.
随着时间的推移,公众对性别问题的认识正呈上升趋势,因为有关性别问题的行动主义运动越来越多。外交的范围不是一个没有性别不平等问题的方面。本文从分析女性在外交岗位上的代表性不足问题开始,到韩日外交关系的特征——慰安妇问题,试图说明,虽然包容程度有所提高,但世界外交体系仍需要改革,向性别平等的原则开放。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of the One China Policy on Indonesia's Diplomatic Relations with Taiwan 一个中国政策对印尼与台湾外交关系的影响
Pub Date : 2021-08-15 DOI: 10.20961/aseandynamics.v2i2.52201
Sava Anisha Wahyudi
The One China Policy or commonly referred to as the One China Policy is China's policy which states that no more Chin countries may be recognized other than their own. In this case, another country referred to by China is Taiwan, which also claims to be a country that has original power over mainland China and claims to be an independent country, not under the control of the People's Republic of China. Indonesia is one of the countries that implements the implementation of the One China Policy so that it has a fairly large impact on diplomatic relations or cooperation between Indonesia and Taiwan.
一个中国政策或通常被称为一个中国政策是中国的政策,它规定除了自己的国家外,不承认其他中国国家。在这种情况下,中国所指的另一个国家是台湾,它也声称是对中国大陆拥有原始权力的国家,并声称自己是一个独立的国家,不受中华人民共和国的控制。印尼是实施一个中国政策的国家之一,对印尼与台湾的外交关系或合作有相当大的影响。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of ASEAN Dynamics and Beyond
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