Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239232
Matthew Lloyd, A. Wallace, P. Gardner-Stephen
The great strength of satellite communications for humanitarian applications is independence of terrestrial infrastructure. However, satellite telecommunications systems typically suffer high recurrent costs, for example, monthly service charges, which are levied on each terminal device. This makes the pre-provision of satellite communications in disaster-prone regions very expensive. This is especially true for lower-income countries where the US-dollar referenced pricing of satellite services is particularly burdensome. Yet these are the very countries where such services are most needed. In this paper we describe a low-cost architecture for providing two-way geo-stationary satellite based telephony, text messaging and related services, such that the operational cost is independent of the number of deployed terminals. This model consists of a University-operated regional ground-station together with direct leased satellite bandwidth and low-cost low-power satellite receiver hardware. By having the entire system under non-commercial control and where the operating costs between activations can be eliminated by having the responsible personnel teach or research between activations, it is possible to remove the major cost drivers of traditional satellite services, while retaining the capability to deliver a scalable, robust and useful service, that can be rapidly activated when required. Using this model, total recurrent costs related to the space segment are as low as US$1,500 per annum for a regional system capable of supporting hundreds of terminals.
{"title":"Zero recurrent-cost two-way satellite communications for humanitarian applications","authors":"Matthew Lloyd, A. Wallace, P. Gardner-Stephen","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239232","url":null,"abstract":"The great strength of satellite communications for humanitarian applications is independence of terrestrial infrastructure. However, satellite telecommunications systems typically suffer high recurrent costs, for example, monthly service charges, which are levied on each terminal device. This makes the pre-provision of satellite communications in disaster-prone regions very expensive. This is especially true for lower-income countries where the US-dollar referenced pricing of satellite services is particularly burdensome. Yet these are the very countries where such services are most needed. In this paper we describe a low-cost architecture for providing two-way geo-stationary satellite based telephony, text messaging and related services, such that the operational cost is independent of the number of deployed terminals. This model consists of a University-operated regional ground-station together with direct leased satellite bandwidth and low-cost low-power satellite receiver hardware. By having the entire system under non-commercial control and where the operating costs between activations can be eliminated by having the responsible personnel teach or research between activations, it is possible to remove the major cost drivers of traditional satellite services, while retaining the capability to deliver a scalable, robust and useful service, that can be rapidly activated when required. Using this model, total recurrent costs related to the space segment are as low as US$1,500 per annum for a regional system capable of supporting hundreds of terminals.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132835002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239343
M. Simi, K. S. Nayaki, Murali Parameswaran, Sabine Sivadasan
With the availability of medical data for large number of patients in hospitals, early detection of diseases has been made easier in the recent past. Conditions like Infertility which are hard to detect or diagnose can be now diagnosed with greater precision with the help of predictive modeling. One of the key challenges for early detection and timely treatment is in identifying and recording key variables that contribute to specific variance of infertility. In this paper, we consider 26 variables and identify relevant variables for early detection of 8 variant classes of female infertility. We compared various techniques and determined that the Random forest is the best method offerings 88% of accuracy for a reasonably large hospital dataset of size 965.
{"title":"Exploring female infertility using predictive analytic","authors":"M. Simi, K. S. Nayaki, Murali Parameswaran, Sabine Sivadasan","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239343","url":null,"abstract":"With the availability of medical data for large number of patients in hospitals, early detection of diseases has been made easier in the recent past. Conditions like Infertility which are hard to detect or diagnose can be now diagnosed with greater precision with the help of predictive modeling. One of the key challenges for early detection and timely treatment is in identifying and recording key variables that contribute to specific variance of infertility. In this paper, we consider 26 variables and identify relevant variables for early detection of 8 variant classes of female infertility. We compared various techniques and determined that the Random forest is the best method offerings 88% of accuracy for a reasonably large hospital dataset of size 965.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131216931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239247
M. Enenkel, A. Papp, Elisabeth Veit, S. Voigt
The main message of international disaster frameworks as well as the political agenda is clear: Every player in the humanitarian domain should aim for a paradigm shift from managing disasters to pro-active disaster risk management. In practice, however, this process can be very complex: Tailored technological solutions require collaborative developments and related organizational adaptions. Early warnings must be linked to early action while local communities need to be involved and trained to strengthen their disaster resilience. In collaboration with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Deutsche Post DHL, SOS Children's Villages International (SOS-CVI) put in place a dedicated online near real-time disaster risk management platform named Resilience360 (R360). With the overall objective of transforming the disaster management cycle into a feedback loop that aims at avoiding repetitive mistakes, R360 supports operational decision-making based on different sources of information. They range from risk indicators that direct the pre-positioning of vital resources in the most vulnerable villages to near real-time incident information on armed conflicts as well as satellite-based damage assessments to estimate the impact of natural disasters. However, the decisive strength of R360 lies in its feedback mechanism. Local staff are not only automatically notified about potential threats; they can also report incidents themselves, which, depending on their severity, are forwarded to national, regional and/or global emergency coordinators within the organization. Based on the example cyclone Dineo, a tropical category four storm that led to large-scale damages and displacements in Mozambique in February 2017, we show how SOS CVI and its partners improved their decision-support based on early warnings and the integration of satellite-based damage assessments into R360. The official rollout of R360 including dedicated training packages is planned for fall 2017.
{"title":"Top-down and bottom-up — A global approach to strengthen local disaster resilience","authors":"M. Enenkel, A. Papp, Elisabeth Veit, S. Voigt","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239247","url":null,"abstract":"The main message of international disaster frameworks as well as the political agenda is clear: Every player in the humanitarian domain should aim for a paradigm shift from managing disasters to pro-active disaster risk management. In practice, however, this process can be very complex: Tailored technological solutions require collaborative developments and related organizational adaptions. Early warnings must be linked to early action while local communities need to be involved and trained to strengthen their disaster resilience. In collaboration with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Deutsche Post DHL, SOS Children's Villages International (SOS-CVI) put in place a dedicated online near real-time disaster risk management platform named Resilience360 (R360). With the overall objective of transforming the disaster management cycle into a feedback loop that aims at avoiding repetitive mistakes, R360 supports operational decision-making based on different sources of information. They range from risk indicators that direct the pre-positioning of vital resources in the most vulnerable villages to near real-time incident information on armed conflicts as well as satellite-based damage assessments to estimate the impact of natural disasters. However, the decisive strength of R360 lies in its feedback mechanism. Local staff are not only automatically notified about potential threats; they can also report incidents themselves, which, depending on their severity, are forwarded to national, regional and/or global emergency coordinators within the organization. Based on the example cyclone Dineo, a tropical category four storm that led to large-scale damages and displacements in Mozambique in February 2017, we show how SOS CVI and its partners improved their decision-support based on early warnings and the integration of satellite-based damage assessments into R360. The official rollout of R360 including dedicated training packages is planned for fall 2017.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124305197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239274
Narasimha Sai Yamanoor, Srihari Yamanoor
The Raspberry Pi Single Board Computer (SBC) family has gained popularity in diverse areas, while education remains to be the fundamental driver behind the design. Low cost kits are provided, specifically for education, by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in conjunction with Google. These kits and modifications for optimal educational outcomes, and an enriched experience will be briefly discussed. The tutorial will consist of examples of projects and code samples that can be quickly adapted for various learning situations. A hardware list or BOM, populated and optimized for cost and effective learning will be provided. The Raspberry Pi family and Arduino Family can also be used for education, as alternates, or in combination with the Raspberry Pi Zero and the differences will be highlighted and discussed. Numerous, continuously evolving web resources as well as crowdfunded hardware implementations are available, and the method of adapting them into educational settings will be briefly discussed.
树莓派单板计算机(SBC)家族在各个领域都很受欢迎，而教育仍然是设计背后的基本驱动力。树莓派基金会(Raspberry Pi Foundation)与谷歌(Google)联合提供了专门用于教育的低成本工具包。这些工具和修改，以获得最佳的教育成果，并丰富的经验将简要讨论。本教程将包括项目示例和代码示例，可以快速适应各种学习情况。将提供硬件列表或BOM，为成本和有效的学习进行填充和优化。Raspberry Pi家族和Arduino家族也可以用于教育，作为替代品，或与Raspberry Pi Zero结合使用，差异将被突出显示和讨论。大量不断发展的网络资源以及众筹硬件实现都是可用的，并且将简要讨论将它们适应教育环境的方法。
{"title":"High quality, low cost education with the Raspberry Pi","authors":"Narasimha Sai Yamanoor, Srihari Yamanoor","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239274","url":null,"abstract":"The Raspberry Pi Single Board Computer (SBC) family has gained popularity in diverse areas, while education remains to be the fundamental driver behind the design. Low cost kits are provided, specifically for education, by the Raspberry Pi Foundation in conjunction with Google. These kits and modifications for optimal educational outcomes, and an enriched experience will be briefly discussed. The tutorial will consist of examples of projects and code samples that can be quickly adapted for various learning situations. A hardware list or BOM, populated and optimized for cost and effective learning will be provided. The Raspberry Pi family and Arduino Family can also be used for education, as alternates, or in combination with the Raspberry Pi Zero and the differences will be highlighted and discussed. Numerous, continuously evolving web resources as well as crowdfunded hardware implementations are available, and the method of adapting them into educational settings will be briefly discussed.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114926290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239243
S. Voigt, Konstanze Lechner, E. Schoepfer, G. Strunz
The European Union (EU) Member States and the European Commission (EC) are investing substantial funds in research and development (R&D) on technologies and innovative solutions for European and international disaster management, risk reduction as well as general crisis preparedness and response. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) has intensively been working in these R&D programs for many years and has developed its own research agenda in support of crisis and disaster management. In recent years, R&D activities within DLR are beginning to increasingly address also technological and operational needs of humanitarian relief actors who are providing assistance to people most in need. In this paper we report how major EC funded R&D programs and projects, including the current DRIVER project, the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) as well as DLR cooperation activities with the World Food Program (WFP), SOS Children's Villages International, the German Agency for Technical Relief (THW), the Red Cross and others are increasingly leading to a “humanitarian technology” support. With these activities DLR is aiming to help bridging the operational gap between laboratory scale and humanitarian field operations.
{"title":"From crisis management to humanitarian technology — A European perspective","authors":"S. Voigt, Konstanze Lechner, E. Schoepfer, G. Strunz","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239243","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) Member States and the European Commission (EC) are investing substantial funds in research and development (R&D) on technologies and innovative solutions for European and international disaster management, risk reduction as well as general crisis preparedness and response. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) has intensively been working in these R&D programs for many years and has developed its own research agenda in support of crisis and disaster management. In recent years, R&D activities within DLR are beginning to increasingly address also technological and operational needs of humanitarian relief actors who are providing assistance to people most in need. In this paper we report how major EC funded R&D programs and projects, including the current DRIVER project, the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) as well as DLR cooperation activities with the World Food Program (WFP), SOS Children's Villages International, the German Agency for Technical Relief (THW), the Red Cross and others are increasingly leading to a “humanitarian technology” support. With these activities DLR is aiming to help bridging the operational gap between laboratory scale and humanitarian field operations.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121336786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239337
R. Fletcher, Xavier Soriano Diaz, H. Bajaj, S. Ghosh-Jerath
Child health screening is a fundamental component of public health, which includes neonatal screening, detection of infectious diseases and monitoring of nutritional status. Unfortunately, the tools to perform these tasks are often very crude, requiring manual input of data which is prone to error and falsification. Furthermore, the staff which performs these duties often lack clinical training or education. To meet this need, we have developed a low-cost child screening platform, called Baby Naapp, which enables community health workers to automatically collect data from a child without the need for any manual input. Making use of the smart phone camera, machine vision software, and augmented reality, our mobile app tools automatically measures a baby's height and weight just using a traditional weighing scale and a custom baby blanket. We have also developed a camera-based app which automatically records the child's Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), which is a standard measurement for assessing malnutrition. In addition, we have also integrated a custom pulse oximeter device to measure a baby's heart rate and heart rate variability, and we have integrated a low-cost thermal camera module to assess a baby's thermal regulation and potentially screen for infections. All measurements are recorded digitally and uploaded to a central server for use by clinicians and the local public health officials. The software for baby height, weight, and MUAC have been validated in the laboratory setting against manual measurements, with measured errors of +/− 1.2cm for height, +/− 90 grams for weight, and +/− 2.0 mm for MUAC. We are currently conducting a 4-month feasibility study of these tools with 13 ASHA workers in an urban slum area of New Delhi, India, in collaboration with the local government and the Public Health Foundation of India.
{"title":"Development of smart phone-based child health screening tools for community health workers","authors":"R. Fletcher, Xavier Soriano Diaz, H. Bajaj, S. Ghosh-Jerath","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239337","url":null,"abstract":"Child health screening is a fundamental component of public health, which includes neonatal screening, detection of infectious diseases and monitoring of nutritional status. Unfortunately, the tools to perform these tasks are often very crude, requiring manual input of data which is prone to error and falsification. Furthermore, the staff which performs these duties often lack clinical training or education. To meet this need, we have developed a low-cost child screening platform, called Baby Naapp, which enables community health workers to automatically collect data from a child without the need for any manual input. Making use of the smart phone camera, machine vision software, and augmented reality, our mobile app tools automatically measures a baby's height and weight just using a traditional weighing scale and a custom baby blanket. We have also developed a camera-based app which automatically records the child's Middle Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC), which is a standard measurement for assessing malnutrition. In addition, we have also integrated a custom pulse oximeter device to measure a baby's heart rate and heart rate variability, and we have integrated a low-cost thermal camera module to assess a baby's thermal regulation and potentially screen for infections. All measurements are recorded digitally and uploaded to a central server for use by clinicians and the local public health officials. The software for baby height, weight, and MUAC have been validated in the laboratory setting against manual measurements, with measured errors of +/− 1.2cm for height, +/− 90 grams for weight, and +/− 2.0 mm for MUAC. We are currently conducting a 4-month feasibility study of these tools with 13 ASHA workers in an urban slum area of New Delhi, India, in collaboration with the local government and the Public Health Foundation of India.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116888591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239227
Dinesh Cozian, P. Kumarage, P. Bilgi, T. Danielyan
Farmers in Anuradhapura, a rural area of Sri Lanka, are experiencing rising rates of Chronic Kidney Disease from uncertain Etiology (CKDu). Within Sri Lanka alone, CKDu infections have led to the deaths of over 20,000 rural inhabitants over the last decade, and have caused a serious public health crisis. A likely cause of CKDu is water that is polluted with contaminants such as Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead. Evaporative techniques, such as Warka Water and Watercone generate potable water in the Sub-Saharan regions of Africa and have been proven to be cost effective. In the proposed device we plan to accelerate the evaporative process via sunlight with the use of a solar focus lens. The device consists of a water storage container, transparent conical lid, condensation surface and a collector for the purified water. To reduce the manufacturing cost, we have opted for the use of a vertical tank with integrated valves as our container. The device has been designed also with an emphasis on user friendliness; CKDu patients are physically weak and can't reach out to their relatives daily. In the testing stage, the proposed device was able to generate a sufficient amount of potable water. We have used a mathematical model and CFD analysis to validate the working concept of the device. The efficiency of the device is still to be improved. Key steps of the humanitarian mission were identified and will be carried out during the next phase of the project.
{"title":"Effective and affordable water purification: An instrument for Chronic Kidney Disease patients in Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka","authors":"Dinesh Cozian, P. Kumarage, P. Bilgi, T. Danielyan","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239227","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers in Anuradhapura, a rural area of Sri Lanka, are experiencing rising rates of Chronic Kidney Disease from uncertain Etiology (CKDu). Within Sri Lanka alone, CKDu infections have led to the deaths of over 20,000 rural inhabitants over the last decade, and have caused a serious public health crisis. A likely cause of CKDu is water that is polluted with contaminants such as Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead. Evaporative techniques, such as Warka Water and Watercone generate potable water in the Sub-Saharan regions of Africa and have been proven to be cost effective. In the proposed device we plan to accelerate the evaporative process via sunlight with the use of a solar focus lens. The device consists of a water storage container, transparent conical lid, condensation surface and a collector for the purified water. To reduce the manufacturing cost, we have opted for the use of a vertical tank with integrated valves as our container. The device has been designed also with an emphasis on user friendliness; CKDu patients are physically weak and can't reach out to their relatives daily. In the testing stage, the proposed device was able to generate a sufficient amount of potable water. We have used a mathematical model and CFD analysis to validate the working concept of the device. The efficiency of the device is still to be improved. Key steps of the humanitarian mission were identified and will be carried out during the next phase of the project.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116534594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239299
V. Mohan, V. C. Garcia, Malini L. M. Frey, M. Ramesh, A. R. Devidas, N. Shibu, R. Mohan, Manoj Pokkiyarath
The UN Millennium Development Goals have in recent years understood and emphasized the critical connection between rural poverty and health issues, and lack of any or proper electrification. Although Indian village electrification has been a priority for the government for a number of years, it is a huge task given the millions of households residing in rural areas. Further, not all claims of village electrification reflect actual access to the grid nor consistent quality of access, when available. This paper addresses an assessment of electrification challenges in villages, as well as potential renewable resource availability. In response to electrification concerns expressed by villagers in the state of Jharkhand, a functional assessment of the existing grid was conducted, as well as an assessment of personal, business, and community electrification needs expressed by villagers. Multiple problems were discovered and are reported here. With village participation, alternative sustainable energy sources were explored, and the most feasible alternative sources to meet village needs for sustainable, reliable energy supplementing the current grid were identified. This paper also presents a detailed needs-assessment of villagers which will influence the potential sustainable energy solution.
{"title":"Assessing village power grid problems for development of quality and stable supplemental sustainable energy","authors":"V. Mohan, V. C. Garcia, Malini L. M. Frey, M. Ramesh, A. R. Devidas, N. Shibu, R. Mohan, Manoj Pokkiyarath","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239299","url":null,"abstract":"The UN Millennium Development Goals have in recent years understood and emphasized the critical connection between rural poverty and health issues, and lack of any or proper electrification. Although Indian village electrification has been a priority for the government for a number of years, it is a huge task given the millions of households residing in rural areas. Further, not all claims of village electrification reflect actual access to the grid nor consistent quality of access, when available. This paper addresses an assessment of electrification challenges in villages, as well as potential renewable resource availability. In response to electrification concerns expressed by villagers in the state of Jharkhand, a functional assessment of the existing grid was conducted, as well as an assessment of personal, business, and community electrification needs expressed by villagers. Multiple problems were discovered and are reported here. With village participation, alternative sustainable energy sources were explored, and the most feasible alternative sources to meet village needs for sustainable, reliable energy supplementing the current grid were identified. This paper also presents a detailed needs-assessment of villagers which will influence the potential sustainable energy solution.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126728149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239280
Brandon Reynante, M. Bratton, Lindsay Hein
Drawing inspiration from the psychological literature on social change [e.g., 1, 2], we classify approaches to development engineering into three categories based on the depth, sustainability, and scalability of the resultant change within a community. In this context, we define “first-order change” as charity or direct service, in which a donor meets the immediate needs of a beneficiary; we define “second-order change” as empowerment of individuals to meet their own needs; and we define “third-order change” as empowerment of a community to tackle the underlying causes of their needs. These three levels of change are explored through a case study of a multi-year project to address the lack of reliable and affordable lighting in a rural village in the Philippines. The project has been undertaken by an interdisciplinary team of undergraduates and faculty at the University of California, San Diego, in partnership with Gawad Kalinga, a Philippines-based poverty-reduction NGO. The project has evolved through three phases corresponding to the three orders of change. The first phase consisted of designing and deploying a single, large solar street lamp, which only provided light to a small portion of the village. In the second phase, the team taught several villagers how to fabricate portable and affordable solar “tiki torch” lamps using local materials and skills. Building on the success of phase two, the team is now assisting the village in establishing a community-owned social enterprise to manufacture the solar “tiki torch” lamps and market them to surrounding communities. Based on results from this case study, the following generalized guidelines are offered to aid development engineers in achieving more sustainable outcomes, shared prosperity, and self-determination among target beneficiaries through third-order change: 1) adopt a “searcher” mindset, 2) think big, build small, 3) build capacities, not things, 4) move beyond basic needs, and 5) reflect and iterate.
{"title":"From first-to third-order social change in development engineering: A case study","authors":"Brandon Reynante, M. Bratton, Lindsay Hein","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239280","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing inspiration from the psychological literature on social change [e.g., 1, 2], we classify approaches to development engineering into three categories based on the depth, sustainability, and scalability of the resultant change within a community. In this context, we define “first-order change” as charity or direct service, in which a donor meets the immediate needs of a beneficiary; we define “second-order change” as empowerment of individuals to meet their own needs; and we define “third-order change” as empowerment of a community to tackle the underlying causes of their needs. These three levels of change are explored through a case study of a multi-year project to address the lack of reliable and affordable lighting in a rural village in the Philippines. The project has been undertaken by an interdisciplinary team of undergraduates and faculty at the University of California, San Diego, in partnership with Gawad Kalinga, a Philippines-based poverty-reduction NGO. The project has evolved through three phases corresponding to the three orders of change. The first phase consisted of designing and deploying a single, large solar street lamp, which only provided light to a small portion of the village. In the second phase, the team taught several villagers how to fabricate portable and affordable solar “tiki torch” lamps using local materials and skills. Building on the success of phase two, the team is now assisting the village in establishing a community-owned social enterprise to manufacture the solar “tiki torch” lamps and market them to surrounding communities. Based on results from this case study, the following generalized guidelines are offered to aid development engineers in achieving more sustainable outcomes, shared prosperity, and self-determination among target beneficiaries through third-order change: 1) adopt a “searcher” mindset, 2) think big, build small, 3) build capacities, not things, 4) move beyond basic needs, and 5) reflect and iterate.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122057206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239229
Watcharachai Kongsiriwattana, P. Gardner-Stephen
Ad-hoc Wi-Fi is well known in disaster communications systems, because of its ability to form infrastructure-free peer-to-peer networks. However, ad-hoc Wi-Fi has a major disadvantage due to the lack of coordinating infrastructure: Its energy consumption is very high, reducing battery life to as little as 1.5 hours. Thus, while it would be highly desirable for mobile phones to use ad-hoc Wi-Fi communications in disasters and remote areas, this is not practical in most instances. In this paper, we draw on innovations in passive radio sensing, and combine these with a simple Contiki-inspired protocol that can be used with existing Wi-Fi hardware to allow use of ad-hoc Wi-Fi with zero energy consumption when idle, and yet allow communications to be established in milliseconds. Feasibility is demonstrated through proof-of-concept hardware, demonstrating that it is possible to provide devices with ad-hoc Wi-Fi communications capabilities with zero impact on stand-by energy consumption. This simple innovation reactivates the possibility of true peer-to-peer high-bandwidth, low-latency direct phone-to-phone communications, without any supporting equipment, such as a Serval Mesh Extender, increasing the opportunities for resilient and decentralized mobile communications during a disaster.
{"title":"Eliminating the high stand-by energy consumption of ad-hoc Wi-Fi","authors":"Watcharachai Kongsiriwattana, P. Gardner-Stephen","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239229","url":null,"abstract":"Ad-hoc Wi-Fi is well known in disaster communications systems, because of its ability to form infrastructure-free peer-to-peer networks. However, ad-hoc Wi-Fi has a major disadvantage due to the lack of coordinating infrastructure: Its energy consumption is very high, reducing battery life to as little as 1.5 hours. Thus, while it would be highly desirable for mobile phones to use ad-hoc Wi-Fi communications in disasters and remote areas, this is not practical in most instances. In this paper, we draw on innovations in passive radio sensing, and combine these with a simple Contiki-inspired protocol that can be used with existing Wi-Fi hardware to allow use of ad-hoc Wi-Fi with zero energy consumption when idle, and yet allow communications to be established in milliseconds. Feasibility is demonstrated through proof-of-concept hardware, demonstrating that it is possible to provide devices with ad-hoc Wi-Fi communications capabilities with zero impact on stand-by energy consumption. This simple innovation reactivates the possibility of true peer-to-peer high-bandwidth, low-latency direct phone-to-phone communications, without any supporting equipment, such as a Serval Mesh Extender, increasing the opportunities for resilient and decentralized mobile communications during a disaster.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129138973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：