Pub Date : 2017-12-25DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239317
P. Francis-Lyon, Yasser Attiga, R. Manjunath, Uma Ramasubramanian, Vaishali Chaudhuri, Tri Nguyen, Xiangyi Xu, S. Zeng, A. Abubakar, C. Newton
Sub-Saharan Africa is home to millions of children who face challenges in achieving their cognitive potential due to chronic poverty and other factors such as malaria and HIV infection. Scarcity of resources during early developmental stages may contribute to developmental delay in various domains, including motor, language and social-emotional, that may affect quality of life into adulthood. However, early identification of developmental delay enables early intervention, often resulting in developmental gains and a lifetime of improved capacity and fulfillment. A team from the Neuroscience research unit at Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) has been actively engaged in developing and adapting measures of child development for use in Low Income Countries. Currently, assessments are conducted with paper, pencil and stopwatch. In collaboration with a Health Informatics team from the University of San Francisco (USF), a tablet app was designed and developed to replace paper and pencil assessments of children ages 6–60 months, with the aim of improving the data collection process and the integrity of the resulting data. The app is in the prototype stage, and is expected to be field-tested and evaluated next year.
{"title":"Tablet app for child cognitive assessment in low and middle income countries","authors":"P. Francis-Lyon, Yasser Attiga, R. Manjunath, Uma Ramasubramanian, Vaishali Chaudhuri, Tri Nguyen, Xiangyi Xu, S. Zeng, A. Abubakar, C. Newton","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239317","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-Saharan Africa is home to millions of children who face challenges in achieving their cognitive potential due to chronic poverty and other factors such as malaria and HIV infection. Scarcity of resources during early developmental stages may contribute to developmental delay in various domains, including motor, language and social-emotional, that may affect quality of life into adulthood. However, early identification of developmental delay enables early intervention, often resulting in developmental gains and a lifetime of improved capacity and fulfillment. A team from the Neuroscience research unit at Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) has been actively engaged in developing and adapting measures of child development for use in Low Income Countries. Currently, assessments are conducted with paper, pencil and stopwatch. In collaboration with a Health Informatics team from the University of San Francisco (USF), a tablet app was designed and developed to replace paper and pencil assessments of children ages 6–60 months, with the aim of improving the data collection process and the integrity of the resulting data. The app is in the prototype stage, and is expected to be field-tested and evaluated next year.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123456241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-25DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239304
Nirupama Prakash Kumar, Likonge Makai, Mahekdeep Singh, Henrietta Cho, P. Dauenhauer, J. Mutale
Solar energy kiosks in developing countries are commonly designed with battery storage as daytime energy production does not coincide with an evening peak consumption. Curtailment of excess solar energy production can occur when current load and battery storage charging is not high enough during peak solar generation hours. Valuation of the options for coping with this phenomena, after a system is already built, is important for kiosk operators to continue to improve technical and economic performance. Furthermore, little real-world data is available to analyze the extent and impact of this issue, much less the available decisions for the manager of such systems when it occurs. This paper analyzes some of these phenomena and the decisions that kiosk operators can make to improve such performance. Furthermore it analyzes data-sets from a 1.8 kW solar-battery energy kiosk in rural Filibaba, Zambia to determine the level of lost energy production/curtailing that occurred in that system. Finally, potential strategies, including demand response strategies are proposed to both increase as well as shift consumption to daytime hours and ultimately increase the capacity factor of the system. Such strategies could potentially help reduce the lost production of almost 1.7MWh that was witnessed in 11 months of system usage. These strategies could also increase the revenue of the system by approx. US$810 annually. Such strategies include pricing incentives, manual demand response, and system re-design options. In the general context of operations of rural solar kiosks, this work advocates for the need to continuously improve operational as well as hardware strategy based on field-evidence.
{"title":"Analyzing sub-optimal rural microgrids and methods for improving the system capacity and demand factors: Filibaba microgrid case study examined","authors":"Nirupama Prakash Kumar, Likonge Makai, Mahekdeep Singh, Henrietta Cho, P. Dauenhauer, J. Mutale","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239304","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy kiosks in developing countries are commonly designed with battery storage as daytime energy production does not coincide with an evening peak consumption. Curtailment of excess solar energy production can occur when current load and battery storage charging is not high enough during peak solar generation hours. Valuation of the options for coping with this phenomena, after a system is already built, is important for kiosk operators to continue to improve technical and economic performance. Furthermore, little real-world data is available to analyze the extent and impact of this issue, much less the available decisions for the manager of such systems when it occurs. This paper analyzes some of these phenomena and the decisions that kiosk operators can make to improve such performance. Furthermore it analyzes data-sets from a 1.8 kW solar-battery energy kiosk in rural Filibaba, Zambia to determine the level of lost energy production/curtailing that occurred in that system. Finally, potential strategies, including demand response strategies are proposed to both increase as well as shift consumption to daytime hours and ultimately increase the capacity factor of the system. Such strategies could potentially help reduce the lost production of almost 1.7MWh that was witnessed in 11 months of system usage. These strategies could also increase the revenue of the system by approx. US$810 annually. Such strategies include pricing incentives, manual demand response, and system re-design options. In the general context of operations of rural solar kiosks, this work advocates for the need to continuously improve operational as well as hardware strategy based on field-evidence.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129661319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-21DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239226
Alfred Alsop, A. Eales, S. Strachan, J. Leary, J. Persson, Isabel Ruiz Almeyda
Locally Manufactured Small Wind Turbines (LM-SWTs) are growing in recognition as a means for rural electrification, and for meeting sustainability and poverty reduction targets set by the UN. This assessment is intended to inform governments and supranational entities where best to invest in order to meet these UN targets and improve the quality of life for millions of people in rural areas. This paper outlines the methodology used in the market assessment and discusses how the information and results are processed in order to achieve a robust ranking system for all countries included. Preliminary results are included and discussed.
{"title":"A global market assessment methodology for small wind in the developing world","authors":"Alfred Alsop, A. Eales, S. Strachan, J. Leary, J. Persson, Isabel Ruiz Almeyda","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239226","url":null,"abstract":"Locally Manufactured Small Wind Turbines (LM-SWTs) are growing in recognition as a means for rural electrification, and for meeting sustainability and poverty reduction targets set by the UN. This assessment is intended to inform governments and supranational entities where best to invest in order to meet these UN targets and improve the quality of life for millions of people in rural areas. This paper outlines the methodology used in the market assessment and discusses how the information and results are processed in order to achieve a robust ranking system for all countries included. Preliminary results are included and discussed.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131407041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-19DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239253
Bartosz Soltowski, S. Strachan, O. Anaya‐Lara, D. Frame, M. Dolan
Over the past 20 years, off-grid solar home systems (SHS), comprised of solar panels, batteries, a charge controller and loads, have proved the most popular and immediate solution increasing energy access, mainly through rural electrification, across the Global South. Although deployed in significant numbers, issues remain with SHS cost, reliability, utilization and sustainability. Interconnection of SHS to form a microgrid of connected prosumers and consumers may offer a solution that, by employing smart management of the power distribution amongst connected households, has the potential to ‘unlock’ latent generation and storage capacity and so improve reliability and security of supply, reduce the system cost per head, and ultimately the levelized cost of energy supplied. These factors combine to improve the overall sustainability, efficiency and flexibility of SHS technology. This paper presents the functionality of a Smart Power Management (SPM) that seeks to distribute power across prosumers/consumers connected to a microgrid of interconnected SHS, to maximise the utilisation of available generation and storage across the system and so improve the reliability and affordability of the energy supplied. The SPM is applied and appraised using a simulation involving representative generation and demand profiles for a village with a high penetration of SHS technology. The power management methodology utilizes algorithms applied to manage power flows between customers. The simulated results demonstrate significant improvements in reliability of supply within the microgrid during low generation season.
{"title":"Using smart power management control to maximize energy utilization and reliability within a microgrid of interconnected solar home systems","authors":"Bartosz Soltowski, S. Strachan, O. Anaya‐Lara, D. Frame, M. Dolan","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239253","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 20 years, off-grid solar home systems (SHS), comprised of solar panels, batteries, a charge controller and loads, have proved the most popular and immediate solution increasing energy access, mainly through rural electrification, across the Global South. Although deployed in significant numbers, issues remain with SHS cost, reliability, utilization and sustainability. Interconnection of SHS to form a microgrid of connected prosumers and consumers may offer a solution that, by employing smart management of the power distribution amongst connected households, has the potential to ‘unlock’ latent generation and storage capacity and so improve reliability and security of supply, reduce the system cost per head, and ultimately the levelized cost of energy supplied. These factors combine to improve the overall sustainability, efficiency and flexibility of SHS technology. This paper presents the functionality of a Smart Power Management (SPM) that seeks to distribute power across prosumers/consumers connected to a microgrid of interconnected SHS, to maximise the utilisation of available generation and storage across the system and so improve the reliability and affordability of the energy supplied. The SPM is applied and appraised using a simulation involving representative generation and demand profiles for a village with a high penetration of SHS technology. The power management methodology utilizes algorithms applied to manage power flows between customers. The simulated results demonstrate significant improvements in reliability of supply within the microgrid during low generation season.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115198667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239330
D. Yallappa, M. Veerangouda, Devanand Maski, Vijayakumar Palled, M. Bheemanna
Application of crop protection materials is one of the crucial operations in agriculture to meet ever demanding food production. The drone mounted sprayer mainly consists of BLDC motors, LiPo (Lithium polymer) batteries, peticide tank, pump, and supporting frame. Six BLDC motors were mounted to hexa-copter frame to lift of 5 kg payload capacity. Two LiPo batteries of 6 cells — 8000mAh were used to supply the necessary current required for the propulsion system. A 5 liter capacity conical-square shaped fluid tank was used to hold the pesticide solution. A 12 V DC motor coupled with pump was used to pressurize spray liquid and then to atomize in to fine spray droplets by means of four nozzles. A suitable aluminium supporting frame was used to mount the spray liquid tank, sprayer motor, spray and supporting legs (landing gears) for safe take-off and landing. The entire drone mounted sprayer operation controlling with the help of transmitter at ground level, HD FPV camera also provide at front down side of drone sprayer unit to monitoring the live spaying operation. 1.08 ha h−1, respectively at a forward speed of 3.6 km h−1 and 1m height of spray. The cost of operation for groundnut and paddy crops using drone mounted sprayer has been worked out 345 and Rs. 367 Rs ha−1 respectively. The spray uniformity was increased with increase in height of spray and operating pressure. A VMD and NMD of spray droplet size were measured and it was found to be 345 and 270 μm, respectively in lab condition. This sprayer is very useful where human interventions are not possible for spraying of chemicals on crops including rice fields and orchard crops as well as crops under terrain lands. This technology greatly helpful for small farming community in reducing cost of pesticide application and environmental pollution but also biological efficacy of application technology.
作物保护材料的应用是农业生产中满足日益增长的粮食生产要求的关键操作之一。无人机安装式喷雾器主要由无刷直流电机、LiPo(锂聚合物)电池、农药罐、泵和支架组成。六台BLDC电机安装在六架直升机框架上以提升5公斤有效载荷能力。两个6节- 8000mAh的LiPo电池用于提供推进系统所需的必要电流。采用容量为5升的锥形方形液罐盛放农药溶液。采用12v直流电机耦合泵对喷雾液进行加压，然后通过四个喷嘴将喷雾液雾化成细小的喷雾液滴。采用合适的铝支撑架安装喷雾液罐、喷雾器电机、喷雾器和支撑腿(起落架)，确保安全起飞和降落。整个无人机安装了喷雾器操作控制在地面上的发射器的帮助下，高清FPV摄像机也提供在无人机喷雾器单元的前下侧，以监控现场喷淋操作。1.08 ha h−1，前进速度为3.6 km h−1，喷雾高度为1m。花生和水稻作物使用无人机喷雾器的操作成本分别为345卢比和367卢比/公顷。随着喷雾高度和操作压力的增加，喷雾均匀性有所提高。在实验室条件下，测量了喷雾液滴粒径的VMD和NMD分别为345 μm和270 μm。这种喷雾器非常有用，在人为干预不可能喷洒化学品的作物，包括稻田和果园作物以及地形下的作物。该技术在降低农药施用成本和环境污染方面对小农社区有很大帮助，同时也提高了施用技术的生物功效。
{"title":"Development and evaluation of drone mounted sprayer for pesticide applications to crops","authors":"D. Yallappa, M. Veerangouda, Devanand Maski, Vijayakumar Palled, M. Bheemanna","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239330","url":null,"abstract":"Application of crop protection materials is one of the crucial operations in agriculture to meet ever demanding food production. The drone mounted sprayer mainly consists of BLDC motors, LiPo (Lithium polymer) batteries, peticide tank, pump, and supporting frame. Six BLDC motors were mounted to hexa-copter frame to lift of 5 kg payload capacity. Two LiPo batteries of 6 cells — 8000mAh were used to supply the necessary current required for the propulsion system. A 5 liter capacity conical-square shaped fluid tank was used to hold the pesticide solution. A 12 V DC motor coupled with pump was used to pressurize spray liquid and then to atomize in to fine spray droplets by means of four nozzles. A suitable aluminium supporting frame was used to mount the spray liquid tank, sprayer motor, spray and supporting legs (landing gears) for safe take-off and landing. The entire drone mounted sprayer operation controlling with the help of transmitter at ground level, HD FPV camera also provide at front down side of drone sprayer unit to monitoring the live spaying operation. 1.08 ha h−1, respectively at a forward speed of 3.6 km h−1 and 1m height of spray. The cost of operation for groundnut and paddy crops using drone mounted sprayer has been worked out 345 and Rs. 367 Rs ha−1 respectively. The spray uniformity was increased with increase in height of spray and operating pressure. A VMD and NMD of spray droplet size were measured and it was found to be 345 and 270 μm, respectively in lab condition. This sprayer is very useful where human interventions are not possible for spraying of chemicals on crops including rice fields and orchard crops as well as crops under terrain lands. This technology greatly helpful for small farming community in reducing cost of pesticide application and environmental pollution but also biological efficacy of application technology.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117045930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239293
J. E. Adkins, V. Modi, S. Sherpa, R. Han, Ayse Selin Kocaman, Naichen Zhao, Chris Natali, J. Carbajal
In efforts to achieve universal electricity access, geospatial factors, particularly the distribution of populated places and other electricity demands, are fundamentally important in determining the relative costs of competing grid, mini-grid or home system electrification options. Research presented here goes beyond broad metrics such as population density to instead consider patterns of aggregation and distances between communities to produce geographically specific cost estimates for medium and low voltage line. This analysis considers these factors at two geographic scales. First, it presents localized investigations of several rural locations in sub-Saharan Africa, at the scale of tens of kilometers, using household-level location data from GPS surveying and high-resolution satellite imagery. This work resulted in broad classification of village landscapes and suggested cost-effective electrification with different technologies depending upon inter-community and inter-household distances as proxies for medium and low voltage line lengths. Second, the analysis draws upon larger scale planning studies and data, at the scale of thousands of kilometers, in developing countries targeting electricity access for millions or tens of millions of unserved households, relying on coarser geospatial population datasets. A key observation of this analysis relates to the manner in which electrification planning can respond to cost tradeoffs between grid and non-grid electrification options in areas with different settlement patterns.
{"title":"A geospatial framework for electrification planning in developing countries","authors":"J. E. Adkins, V. Modi, S. Sherpa, R. Han, Ayse Selin Kocaman, Naichen Zhao, Chris Natali, J. Carbajal","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239293","url":null,"abstract":"In efforts to achieve universal electricity access, geospatial factors, particularly the distribution of populated places and other electricity demands, are fundamentally important in determining the relative costs of competing grid, mini-grid or home system electrification options. Research presented here goes beyond broad metrics such as population density to instead consider patterns of aggregation and distances between communities to produce geographically specific cost estimates for medium and low voltage line. This analysis considers these factors at two geographic scales. First, it presents localized investigations of several rural locations in sub-Saharan Africa, at the scale of tens of kilometers, using household-level location data from GPS surveying and high-resolution satellite imagery. This work resulted in broad classification of village landscapes and suggested cost-effective electrification with different technologies depending upon inter-community and inter-household distances as proxies for medium and low voltage line lengths. Second, the analysis draws upon larger scale planning studies and data, at the scale of thousands of kilometers, in developing countries targeting electricity access for millions or tens of millions of unserved households, relying on coarser geospatial population datasets. A key observation of this analysis relates to the manner in which electrification planning can respond to cost tradeoffs between grid and non-grid electrification options in areas with different settlement patterns.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125931916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239231
Ghassan Al-Nuaimi, Romana Challans, Matthew Lloyd, J. Lakeman, A. Wallace, P. Gardner-Stephen
HF and VHF radios retain considerable operational benefits for disaster communications. In particular, they can be the only available communications channel into a disaster zone, and are capable of communications over tens to thousands of kilometers. However, their bandwidth is extremely limited, as low as 1 bit/second, which has previously limited their utility as a backbone for public telecommunications. The Serval Mesh already includes the Low-Bandwidth Asynchronous Rhizome Delivery (LBARD) function, which scales down to 10s of bytes per second, and allows for near real-time two-way encrypted and authenticated text messaging using Android mobile telephones. In this paper, we present several improvements to LBARD, including a locality heuristic algorithm that allows for effective prioritization of HF transmission queues. The improvements enable LBARD to scale down to the ultra-low bandwidths (as low as 1bit/second) of even older HF radio equipment. Simulation and live HF-radio test results of a proof of concept are presented confirming the possibility of delivering hundreds to tens of thousands of text messages to be delivered per day using commercially-off-the-shelf HF radio equipment. In doing so, we create a new use-case for existing HF radios, and create the tantalizing possibility of providing basic day-to-day mobile telecommunications in regions too isolated to be viably serviced by other means.
{"title":"Scalable telecommunications over ultra-low-bandwidth radio backbones","authors":"Ghassan Al-Nuaimi, Romana Challans, Matthew Lloyd, J. Lakeman, A. Wallace, P. Gardner-Stephen","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239231","url":null,"abstract":"HF and VHF radios retain considerable operational benefits for disaster communications. In particular, they can be the only available communications channel into a disaster zone, and are capable of communications over tens to thousands of kilometers. However, their bandwidth is extremely limited, as low as 1 bit/second, which has previously limited their utility as a backbone for public telecommunications. The Serval Mesh already includes the Low-Bandwidth Asynchronous Rhizome Delivery (LBARD) function, which scales down to 10s of bytes per second, and allows for near real-time two-way encrypted and authenticated text messaging using Android mobile telephones. In this paper, we present several improvements to LBARD, including a locality heuristic algorithm that allows for effective prioritization of HF transmission queues. The improvements enable LBARD to scale down to the ultra-low bandwidths (as low as 1bit/second) of even older HF radio equipment. Simulation and live HF-radio test results of a proof of concept are presented confirming the possibility of delivering hundreds to tens of thousands of text messages to be delivered per day using commercially-off-the-shelf HF radio equipment. In doing so, we create a new use-case for existing HF radios, and create the tantalizing possibility of providing basic day-to-day mobile telecommunications in regions too isolated to be viably serviced by other means.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125419737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239233
P. Gardner-Stephen, Salma Farouque, Matthew Lloyd, A. Bate, Alexis Cullen
The Servai Mesh and new Serval Mesh Extender 2.0 low-cost, weather-proof, open-source, infrastructure-communications device is being piloted in Vanuatu during 2017 with the support of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trades Pacific Humanitarian Challenge. This pilot will test the applicability and utility of the Serval Mesh software and hardware in one of the world's most disaster-prone countries. Specifically, several communities and non-governmental organizations will be provided with Serval Mesh technologies and support, and their experiences with those technologies documented and analyzed. It is expected that this pilot will reveal both strengths and opportunities for improvement of these technologies. In this paper we will describe the preliminary findings of the pilot, with a focus on matters of relevance to other practitioners seeking to create humanitarian and communications technologies of relevance to the Pacific region.
{"title":"Piloting the serval mesh and serval mesh extender 2.0 in Vanuatu: Preliminary results","authors":"P. Gardner-Stephen, Salma Farouque, Matthew Lloyd, A. Bate, Alexis Cullen","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239233","url":null,"abstract":"The Servai Mesh and new Serval Mesh Extender 2.0 low-cost, weather-proof, open-source, infrastructure-communications device is being piloted in Vanuatu during 2017 with the support of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trades Pacific Humanitarian Challenge. This pilot will test the applicability and utility of the Serval Mesh software and hardware in one of the world's most disaster-prone countries. Specifically, several communities and non-governmental organizations will be provided with Serval Mesh technologies and support, and their experiences with those technologies documented and analyzed. It is expected that this pilot will reveal both strengths and opportunities for improvement of these technologies. In this paper we will describe the preliminary findings of the pilot, with a focus on matters of relevance to other practitioners seeking to create humanitarian and communications technologies of relevance to the Pacific region.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115216231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239239
Patrick Lieser, Flor Álvarez, P. Gardner-Stephen, M. Hollick, Doreen Böhnstedt
Self-organizing Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) based on Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN), are powerful tools for maintaining or reestablishing telecommunications following disasters and other infrastructure disrupting events. However, such networks typically have very limited bandwidth compared with infrastructure-based networks, with the practical effect that they cannot satisfy every demand placed upon them. Thus, if the most critical traffic is to be delivered, and in a timely manner, some form of filtering or prioritization is needed. This paper sets out an architecture for solving this problem, and presents supporting simulation and field results. The architecture is built using the input of several emergency and disaster response organizations, to ensure that the key services required by citizens post-disaster were incorporated. Reflecting the dynamic nature of post-disaster communications needs, as identified in the survey, the architecture provides a framework in which arbitrary prioritization policies can be defined, and redefined, so that the humanitarian utility of a network can be maximized according to the prevailing situation and requirements. A proof-of-concept implementation is presented, yielding orders of magnitude reduction in message delivery latency in both simulation and in a field trial of an existing disaster communications system.
{"title":"Architecture for responsive emergency communications networks","authors":"Patrick Lieser, Flor Álvarez, P. Gardner-Stephen, M. Hollick, Doreen Böhnstedt","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239239","url":null,"abstract":"Self-organizing Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) based on Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN), are powerful tools for maintaining or reestablishing telecommunications following disasters and other infrastructure disrupting events. However, such networks typically have very limited bandwidth compared with infrastructure-based networks, with the practical effect that they cannot satisfy every demand placed upon them. Thus, if the most critical traffic is to be delivered, and in a timely manner, some form of filtering or prioritization is needed. This paper sets out an architecture for solving this problem, and presents supporting simulation and field results. The architecture is built using the input of several emergency and disaster response organizations, to ensure that the key services required by citizens post-disaster were incorporated. Reflecting the dynamic nature of post-disaster communications needs, as identified in the survey, the architecture provides a framework in which arbitrary prioritization policies can be defined, and redefined, so that the humanitarian utility of a network can be maximized according to the prevailing situation and requirements. A proof-of-concept implementation is presented, yielding orders of magnitude reduction in message delivery latency in both simulation and in a field trial of an existing disaster communications system.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122460111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239287
P. Rekha, Venkat Rangan, M. Ramesh, K. V. Nibi
Agriculture is one of the main needs for human to survive. Agriculture has to tackle many problems like changing climate, water shortage, changing soil quality, etc. Due to the increasing demand for cereals and other crops for daily usage by the consumers there is a need for smarter implementation of irrigation and also develop farming methods that alter the basic eco systems and is less harmful to other creatures. India is one of highest crop producing countries all over the world. At the same time, India is facing the challenge of farmers committing suicide because of crop failure and debt. Most of the land in India is still being used for agriculture purposes. Still there exists several places that uses very primitive methods for irrigation, fertilization etc. This leads to the reduction in the crop yield and eventually less income for the farmers. This paper discusses the design and development of an IoT framework that helps farmers to improvise their methods of farming and also make the best use of their land for a better yield and income. The major goal of this IoT framework is to sense agriculture characteristics and advice farmers to properly grow and treat the crops. The system deploys a group of wireless sensor networks nodes deployed in the field for sensing agricultural parameters and the RF communication of WSN node is used to transmit the measured data to base station. Base station is connected to a decision support system. Based on the sensed parameters and the optimum values, the decision support system will generate an appropriate message for farmers. By using the collected data from the sensors, the proposed system will provide suggestions about the monitoring crop such as irrigation timings, directions for optimum usage of fertilizers etc. in accordance to the farmers' lands. An android application has been designed to deliver the messages to farmers in their regional language. The android app also gives information regarding the weather forecast and precaution to be taken based on the weather forecast.
{"title":"High yield groundnut agronomy: An IoT based precision farming framework","authors":"P. Rekha, Venkat Rangan, M. Ramesh, K. V. Nibi","doi":"10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GHTC.2017.8239287","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is one of the main needs for human to survive. Agriculture has to tackle many problems like changing climate, water shortage, changing soil quality, etc. Due to the increasing demand for cereals and other crops for daily usage by the consumers there is a need for smarter implementation of irrigation and also develop farming methods that alter the basic eco systems and is less harmful to other creatures. India is one of highest crop producing countries all over the world. At the same time, India is facing the challenge of farmers committing suicide because of crop failure and debt. Most of the land in India is still being used for agriculture purposes. Still there exists several places that uses very primitive methods for irrigation, fertilization etc. This leads to the reduction in the crop yield and eventually less income for the farmers. This paper discusses the design and development of an IoT framework that helps farmers to improvise their methods of farming and also make the best use of their land for a better yield and income. The major goal of this IoT framework is to sense agriculture characteristics and advice farmers to properly grow and treat the crops. The system deploys a group of wireless sensor networks nodes deployed in the field for sensing agricultural parameters and the RF communication of WSN node is used to transmit the measured data to base station. Base station is connected to a decision support system. Based on the sensed parameters and the optimum values, the decision support system will generate an appropriate message for farmers. By using the collected data from the sensors, the proposed system will provide suggestions about the monitoring crop such as irrigation timings, directions for optimum usage of fertilizers etc. in accordance to the farmers' lands. An android application has been designed to deliver the messages to farmers in their regional language. The android app also gives information regarding the weather forecast and precaution to be taken based on the weather forecast.","PeriodicalId":248924,"journal":{"name":"2017 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC)","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114146418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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