Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747935
M. Doostan, Shashank Navaratnan, Saeed Mohajeryami, V. Cecchi
In this paper, a new approach for placement of both Distributed Generation (DG) units and capacitor banks in distribution systems is proposed. The goal is to 1) reduce the total real and reactive power losses, 2) improve the voltage profile, and 3) improve the power factor for the total demand. The method uses a bus-ranking scheme based on a weighted sum of indices representative of the impacts that a DG unit or capacitor bank would have in terms of the three aforementioned objectives. Moreover, the introduced indices provide a quantitative measure to identify whether placing a DG unit or a capacitor bank is more beneficial at each bus. In order to assess the performance of the proposed method, a 49-bus distribution system is introduced. The method is applied on the test system and best locations for allocation of DG units and capacitor banks on each branch are identified. Besides, a comparison between the performance of DG units and capacitor banks at each bus is noted. At the end, by examining the resulting real and reactive power losses, voltage profile and power factor, it is demonstrated that the proposed method successfully accomplishes its objectives.
{"title":"Concurrent placement of distributed generation resources and capacitor banks in distribution systems","authors":"M. Doostan, Shashank Navaratnan, Saeed Mohajeryami, V. Cecchi","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747935","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new approach for placement of both Distributed Generation (DG) units and capacitor banks in distribution systems is proposed. The goal is to 1) reduce the total real and reactive power losses, 2) improve the voltage profile, and 3) improve the power factor for the total demand. The method uses a bus-ranking scheme based on a weighted sum of indices representative of the impacts that a DG unit or capacitor bank would have in terms of the three aforementioned objectives. Moreover, the introduced indices provide a quantitative measure to identify whether placing a DG unit or a capacitor bank is more beneficial at each bus. In order to assess the performance of the proposed method, a 49-bus distribution system is introduced. The method is applied on the test system and best locations for allocation of DG units and capacitor banks on each branch are identified. Besides, a comparison between the performance of DG units and capacitor banks at each bus is noted. At the end, by examining the resulting real and reactive power losses, voltage profile and power factor, it is demonstrated that the proposed method successfully accomplishes its objectives.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131601862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747954
A. M. S. Al-bayati, F. Mancilla–David, J. L. Dominguez-Garcial
Wind power plants installation in the electrical power networks has been growing through the last years and a larger penetration is expected in the near future. Because of this, wind farm technologies will influence the power system behavior modifying its dynamics by reducing power systems global inertia. Hence, there is an increased interest and need to study the wind turbine farms behavior and their effects on the power system not only by researchers but also from transmission system operators. This paper describes the current modeling and aggregation methods for wind farms. Following a discussion of the different aggregation methods, including full aggregated model, semi aggregated model and multi machine model, an evaluation has been done to study the performance of each method in providing the entire response of the wind farm at the interconnection point with the grid under real wind speed profile and fault condition. Finally, the needs for further research and the challenges in the concept of wind farm dynamics and aggregation have been discussed.
{"title":"Aggregated models of wind farms: Current methods and future trends","authors":"A. M. S. Al-bayati, F. Mancilla–David, J. L. Dominguez-Garcial","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747954","url":null,"abstract":"Wind power plants installation in the electrical power networks has been growing through the last years and a larger penetration is expected in the near future. Because of this, wind farm technologies will influence the power system behavior modifying its dynamics by reducing power systems global inertia. Hence, there is an increased interest and need to study the wind turbine farms behavior and their effects on the power system not only by researchers but also from transmission system operators. This paper describes the current modeling and aggregation methods for wind farms. Following a discussion of the different aggregation methods, including full aggregated model, semi aggregated model and multi machine model, an evaluation has been done to study the performance of each method in providing the entire response of the wind farm at the interconnection point with the grid under real wind speed profile and fault condition. Finally, the needs for further research and the challenges in the concept of wind farm dynamics and aggregation have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128018350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747959
M. Khanabadi, Chunheng Wang, Yong Fu
Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is being executed every day to find the optimal hourly schedule over the next horizon of the time. In order to have a reliable and secure operation condition, it is desirable to include the AC networks constraints and the system's stability indices into the day-ahead generating scheduling problem of power systems. However, including such a non-convex set of constraints in the problem formulation, the complexity and size of the SCUC problem would increase; thus, the convexity of the mathematics model and the computational burden of the SCUC problem increases significantly. To avoid this issue, in this paper, we present a decentralized solution methodology where the voltage stability constrained SCUC (VSC-SCUC) problem is divided into multiple smaller subproblems; then, using the auxiliary problem principle (APP), the operating points of the subproblems are coordinated with each other iteratively in a parallel manner. In order to justify the effectiveness of the proposed method, several case studies are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Security-constrained unit commitment considering voltage stability: A parallel solution","authors":"M. Khanabadi, Chunheng Wang, Yong Fu","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747959","url":null,"abstract":"Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) is being executed every day to find the optimal hourly schedule over the next horizon of the time. In order to have a reliable and secure operation condition, it is desirable to include the AC networks constraints and the system's stability indices into the day-ahead generating scheduling problem of power systems. However, including such a non-convex set of constraints in the problem formulation, the complexity and size of the SCUC problem would increase; thus, the convexity of the mathematics model and the computational burden of the SCUC problem increases significantly. To avoid this issue, in this paper, we present a decentralized solution methodology where the voltage stability constrained SCUC (VSC-SCUC) problem is divided into multiple smaller subproblems; then, using the auxiliary problem principle (APP), the operating points of the subproblems are coordinated with each other iteratively in a parallel manner. In order to justify the effectiveness of the proposed method, several case studies are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131871252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747851
D. Kiran, A. Abhyankar, B. K. Panigrahi
Nodes in power system are aggregated into multiple zones for the allocatian of transmission usage prices. The formation of zones depends on a set threshold, connectivity and type of pricing mechanism. In this paper, a novel concept to club the nodes into zones that are closely connected and experience similar usage prices, for few of the popular transmission pricing mechanism such as equivalent bilateral exchange (EBE), marginal participation method (MPM) and hybrid method (HM), is proposed. A concept of edge betweenness is utilized for this purpose. Also, a quality index as a function of edge weight is proposed to make decision for optimal number of zones. The efficacy of the proposed method is verified on IEEE 118 bus system.
{"title":"A hierarchical approach of node aggregation for transmission usage prices","authors":"D. Kiran, A. Abhyankar, B. K. Panigrahi","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747851","url":null,"abstract":"Nodes in power system are aggregated into multiple zones for the allocatian of transmission usage prices. The formation of zones depends on a set threshold, connectivity and type of pricing mechanism. In this paper, a novel concept to club the nodes into zones that are closely connected and experience similar usage prices, for few of the popular transmission pricing mechanism such as equivalent bilateral exchange (EBE), marginal participation method (MPM) and hybrid method (HM), is proposed. A concept of edge betweenness is utilized for this purpose. Also, a quality index as a function of edge weight is proposed to make decision for optimal number of zones. The efficacy of the proposed method is verified on IEEE 118 bus system.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115203033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747963
N. Nguyen, Valdama Johnson, J. Mitra
To ensure the stable operation of a power system, its frequency must remain within a safe region. Since frequency deviation is strongly affected by inertia, a minimum amount of inertia is vital to maintaining frequency stability. The generation dispatch problem not only finds a solution for generation that minimizes cost and emission but also one that ensures system stability. This paper addresses the environmental-economic generation dispatch of a power system while considering frequency stability in the optimization problem. The proposed frequency stability constraint is represented by the maximum system frequency deviation limit. A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is implemented to investigate the multi-objective dispatch problem. Environmental-economic generation dispatch will be examined on the IEEE 30-bus system to demonstrate the proposed idea.
{"title":"Environmental-economic dispatch of power system based on frequency stability constraint","authors":"N. Nguyen, Valdama Johnson, J. Mitra","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747963","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure the stable operation of a power system, its frequency must remain within a safe region. Since frequency deviation is strongly affected by inertia, a minimum amount of inertia is vital to maintaining frequency stability. The generation dispatch problem not only finds a solution for generation that minimizes cost and emission but also one that ensures system stability. This paper addresses the environmental-economic generation dispatch of a power system while considering frequency stability in the optimization problem. The proposed frequency stability constraint is represented by the maximum system frequency deviation limit. A non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II is implemented to investigate the multi-objective dispatch problem. Environmental-economic generation dispatch will be examined on the IEEE 30-bus system to demonstrate the proposed idea.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115217286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747844
B. Wang, M. Zarghami, M. Vaziri
This paper focuses on the application of BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) in improved operation of distribution grids that are highly penetrated with PV (Photovoltaic) systems. The paper features a state-space based model for BESS and implements a simple and effective approach for peak load shaving by considering device constraints. The grid-connected PV+BESS system proposed in this work contains bidirectional DC/DC and AC/DC converters and batteries, and is capable of simultaneous control of active power, reactive power, and DC-link voltage. In this work, an energy management strategy with the goal of peak-shaving has been proposed, which also considers degradation and ageing limits of the batteries. Simulations have been performed at different battery capacity cases to show the capabilities of the proposed PV+BESS.
{"title":"Energy management and peak-shaving in grid-connected photovoltaic systems integrated with battery storage","authors":"B. Wang, M. Zarghami, M. Vaziri","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the application of BESS (Battery Energy Storage Systems) in improved operation of distribution grids that are highly penetrated with PV (Photovoltaic) systems. The paper features a state-space based model for BESS and implements a simple and effective approach for peak load shaving by considering device constraints. The grid-connected PV+BESS system proposed in this work contains bidirectional DC/DC and AC/DC converters and batteries, and is capable of simultaneous control of active power, reactive power, and DC-link voltage. In this work, an energy management strategy with the goal of peak-shaving has been proposed, which also considers degradation and ageing limits of the batteries. Simulations have been performed at different battery capacity cases to show the capabilities of the proposed PV+BESS.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"55 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114146844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747946
Tamara Becejac, P. Dehghanian, M. Kezunovic
Over the past decades, many synchrophasor applications have been developed but the performance under various PMU errors has not been explored and is unknown for most applications. This paper discusses the impact of PMU measurement errors and limitations originated from hardware implementation of various phasor estimation algorithms on the accuracy of the synchrophasor-based fault location application, in particular on the fault location algorithm that uses synchronized phasors at both line terminals. The application test procedure is implemented on a simple two-bus system modeled in ATP-EMTP with different types of fault scenarios simulated and various real PMUs exposed to the fault signals through hardware-in-the-loop testing. Results acquired from such evaluations provide invaluable knowledge about limitations and vulnerabilities of synchrophasor end-use applications.
{"title":"Impact of the errors in the PMU response on synchrophasor-based fault location algorithms","authors":"Tamara Becejac, P. Dehghanian, M. Kezunovic","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747946","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decades, many synchrophasor applications have been developed but the performance under various PMU errors has not been explored and is unknown for most applications. This paper discusses the impact of PMU measurement errors and limitations originated from hardware implementation of various phasor estimation algorithms on the accuracy of the synchrophasor-based fault location application, in particular on the fault location algorithm that uses synchronized phasors at both line terminals. The application test procedure is implemented on a simple two-bus system modeled in ATP-EMTP with different types of fault scenarios simulated and various real PMUs exposed to the fault signals through hardware-in-the-loop testing. Results acquired from such evaluations provide invaluable knowledge about limitations and vulnerabilities of synchrophasor end-use applications.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114547912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747972
K. Alatawi, Fahad M. Almasoudi, M. Matin
In this paper, a Two-Switch forward converter using enhancement mode Gallium Nitride transistors (GaN FETs) operating in CCM is designed for low power and high frequency applications. This topology provides a galvanic isolated, simple and efficient approach which will be suitable to use in battery charge circuits. The performance of the converter is evaluated using Si MOSFETs and GaN FETs. Comparison of the switching characteristics performance and the overall efficiency of the converter using Si MOSFTEs and GaN FETs are presented and discussed. The results are presented for a 100W, 200-24 V converter operating at two switching frequencies 100KHz and 500KHz.
{"title":"Performance enhancement of two-switch forward converter using GaN FETs","authors":"K. Alatawi, Fahad M. Almasoudi, M. Matin","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747972","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747972","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a Two-Switch forward converter using enhancement mode Gallium Nitride transistors (GaN FETs) operating in CCM is designed for low power and high frequency applications. This topology provides a galvanic isolated, simple and efficient approach which will be suitable to use in battery charge circuits. The performance of the converter is evaluated using Si MOSFETs and GaN FETs. Comparison of the switching characteristics performance and the overall efficiency of the converter using Si MOSFTEs and GaN FETs are presented and discussed. The results are presented for a 100W, 200-24 V converter operating at two switching frequencies 100KHz and 500KHz.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115769198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747940
Xinyang Zhou, J. Tian, Lijun Chen, E. Dall’Anese
Inverter-based voltage regulation is gaining importance to alleviate emerging reliability and power-quality concerns related to distribution systems with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper seeks contribution in the domain of reactive power compensation by establishing stability of local Volt/VAr controllers. In lieu of the approximate linear surrogate used in the existing work, the paper establishes existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium point using nonlinear AC power flow model. Key to this end is to consider a nonlinear dynamical system with non-incremental local Volt/VAr control, cast the Volt/VAr dynamics as a game, and leverage the fixed-point theorem as well as pertinent contraction mapping argument. Numerical examples are provided to complement the analytical results.
{"title":"Local voltage control in distribution networks: A game-theoretic perspective","authors":"Xinyang Zhou, J. Tian, Lijun Chen, E. Dall’Anese","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747940","url":null,"abstract":"Inverter-based voltage regulation is gaining importance to alleviate emerging reliability and power-quality concerns related to distribution systems with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This paper seeks contribution in the domain of reactive power compensation by establishing stability of local Volt/VAr controllers. In lieu of the approximate linear surrogate used in the existing work, the paper establishes existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium point using nonlinear AC power flow model. Key to this end is to consider a nonlinear dynamical system with non-incremental local Volt/VAr control, cast the Volt/VAr dynamics as a game, and leverage the fixed-point theorem as well as pertinent contraction mapping argument. Numerical examples are provided to complement the analytical results.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115921172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747951
J. Weber, D. Gao, Tianlu Gao
Numerous case studies have been performed on both large and small scale Hybrid Integrated Renewable Energy Systems (HI-RES) over the past decade to ascertain the benefits of combining various forms of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. Many of these studies have produced test and verification results obtained through iterative simulations, optimization and sensitivity analyses to aid in understanding the dynamic interactions and positive impacts achieved when combining gas/diesel generation with alternative energy resources such as wind, solar, bio-fuel, geothermal, and other. In line with this research, numerous feasibility studies have also been performed to examine better ways to drive competitive and affordable pricing within the design, development, testing and evaluation (DDTE) of remote/backup power generation stations. This paper draws from prior research on small scale HI-RES and further explores the analytical data and conclusions attained from other independent case studies performed across the globe. The recently released version of the Hybrid Optimization of Electric Energy (HOMER Pro) Software was the primary modeling and simulation tool used in further refining the concepts of distributed energy resources (DER) and their application to small scale hybrid platforms.
{"title":"Affordable mobile hybrid integrated renewable energy system power plant optimized using HOMER Pro","authors":"J. Weber, D. Gao, Tianlu Gao","doi":"10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NAPS.2016.7747951","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous case studies have been performed on both large and small scale Hybrid Integrated Renewable Energy Systems (HI-RES) over the past decade to ascertain the benefits of combining various forms of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources. Many of these studies have produced test and verification results obtained through iterative simulations, optimization and sensitivity analyses to aid in understanding the dynamic interactions and positive impacts achieved when combining gas/diesel generation with alternative energy resources such as wind, solar, bio-fuel, geothermal, and other. In line with this research, numerous feasibility studies have also been performed to examine better ways to drive competitive and affordable pricing within the design, development, testing and evaluation (DDTE) of remote/backup power generation stations. This paper draws from prior research on small scale HI-RES and further explores the analytical data and conclusions attained from other independent case studies performed across the globe. The recently released version of the Hybrid Optimization of Electric Energy (HOMER Pro) Software was the primary modeling and simulation tool used in further refining the concepts of distributed energy resources (DER) and their application to small scale hybrid platforms.","PeriodicalId":249041,"journal":{"name":"2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115157346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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