In this paper a new method for medical images analysis has been proposed. It is based in a multiresolution schema in combination with a k-means clustering algorithm. The edge detection and classification schema is based on the analysis of the data obtained by a multiresolution image analysis (MRA) using Mallat and Zhong's wavelet. The edge detection and classification algorithm developed has been tested defining five contour types: step, ramp, stair, pulse and 'noise'. The cell nuclei presented in medical images can be perfectly isolated with the help of the 'cellular nucleus' contour, a special noise reduction achieved by means of the previous classification schema and a segmentation process provided by a k-means algorithm. We have proposed an algorithm to estimate the number of cells appearing in tissue samples, as well as the estimate of positivity levels in tumour tissues. This is part of a software tool for tumour detection and diagnosis of diseases.
{"title":"Cell Nuclei Segmentation Combining Multiresolution Analysis, Clustering Methods and Colour Spaces","authors":"G. Palacios, J. R. Beltrán","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.12","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a new method for medical images analysis has been proposed. It is based in a multiresolution schema in combination with a k-means clustering algorithm. The edge detection and classification schema is based on the analysis of the data obtained by a multiresolution image analysis (MRA) using Mallat and Zhong's wavelet. The edge detection and classification algorithm developed has been tested defining five contour types: step, ramp, stair, pulse and 'noise'. The cell nuclei presented in medical images can be perfectly isolated with the help of the 'cellular nucleus' contour, a special noise reduction achieved by means of the previous classification schema and a segmentation process provided by a k-means algorithm. We have proposed an algorithm to estimate the number of cells appearing in tissue samples, as well as the estimate of positivity levels in tumour tissues. This is part of a software tool for tumour detection and diagnosis of diseases.","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122673285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of range images has become prominent in the field of computer vision. Due to the irregular nature of range image data that occurs with a number of sensors, edge detection techniques for range images are often based on scan line data approximations and hence do not employ exact data locations. We present a finite element based approach to the development of gradient operators that can be applied to both regularly and irregularly distributed range images. We have created synthetic irregularly distributed range images for each edge type, and the gradient operators developed are evaluated with respect to their performance in edge detection across varying levels of data irregularity.
{"title":"Range Image Feature Extraction with Varying Degrees of Data Irregularity","authors":"S. Suganthan, S. Coleman, B. Scotney","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.32","url":null,"abstract":"The use of range images has become prominent in the field of computer vision. Due to the irregular nature of range image data that occurs with a number of sensors, edge detection techniques for range images are often based on scan line data approximations and hence do not employ exact data locations. We present a finite element based approach to the development of gradient operators that can be applied to both regularly and irregularly distributed range images. We have created synthetic irregularly distributed range images for each edge type, and the gradient operators developed are evaluated with respect to their performance in edge detection across varying levels of data irregularity.","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124151869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the 1970's, we have been developing technologies in industrial machine vision including intelligent character recognition to produce automated machines for factories, banks, and post offices. In my talk, I will first introduce a brief history of the industrial machine vision and the intelligent character recognition technologies in applied fields. Then I will discuss the strategies and developments in the fields. I will end my talk by touching on my personal experience as a researcher. As time has passed, our major research objective has changed from factory automation to office automation and from office automation to social/security automation. Consequently, the demand for machines that are capable of dealing with more complex and difficult automation tasks has grown. To meet these demands, a machine often requires multiple recognition procedures. This normally leads to the final recognition rate worsening as the number of procedures increases. Therefore, we propose a multiple-hypothesis strategy and an information-integration strategy to improve the final recognition rate so that it can meet the machine's specification. Then, it will be shown that the rejection ability of the recognition procedures has an important role in using these strategies effectively. The usefulness of these strategies has been proved through the successful development of mail sorting machines, document readers, and intelligent automated teller machines. Those developments are also described in detail in my talk. Finally, I would like to touch on my experiences as an industrial researcher, which can be summed up by the phrases "practicality first, novelty second," "development first, research second," and "non-vision first, vision second."
{"title":"Recognition Strategies in Machine Vision Applications","authors":"H. Sako","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.34","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1970's, we have been developing technologies in industrial machine vision including intelligent character recognition to produce automated machines for factories, banks, and post offices. In my talk, I will first introduce a brief history of the industrial machine vision and the intelligent character recognition technologies in applied fields. Then I will discuss the strategies and developments in the fields. I will end my talk by touching on my personal experience as a researcher. As time has passed, our major research objective has changed from factory automation to office automation and from office automation to social/security automation. Consequently, the demand for machines that are capable of dealing with more complex and difficult automation tasks has grown. To meet these demands, a machine often requires multiple recognition procedures. This normally leads to the final recognition rate worsening as the number of procedures increases. Therefore, we propose a multiple-hypothesis strategy and an information-integration strategy to improve the final recognition rate so that it can meet the machine's specification. Then, it will be shown that the rejection ability of the recognition procedures has an important role in using these strategies effectively. The usefulness of these strategies has been proved through the successful development of mail sorting machines, document readers, and intelligent automated teller machines. Those developments are also described in detail in my talk. Finally, I would like to touch on my experiences as an industrial researcher, which can be summed up by the phrases \"practicality first, novelty second,\" \"development first, research second,\" and \"non-vision first, vision second.\"","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134249757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a generalization of closest- point constraint analysis called continuum shape constraint analysis (CSCA) that can be used to assess the suitability of whole objects or object features for range data scanning and subsequent pose estimation. "Directional CSCA" (D-CSCA) is proposed to specifically address pose estimation accuracy via the ICP (iterated closest-point) family of algorithms. Constraint analysis based on noise amplification index (NAI) is used. In the D-CSCA formulation, the continuum nature of the underlying shape registration renders the resulting gradient matrix and NAI thereof as pure properties of the feature, dependent on viewpoint but independent of the viewing instrument.
{"title":"A New Approach to Geometrical Feature Assessment for ICP-Based Pose Measurement: Continuum Shape Constraint Analysis","authors":"D. McTavish, G. Okouneva","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a generalization of closest- point constraint analysis called continuum shape constraint analysis (CSCA) that can be used to assess the suitability of whole objects or object features for range data scanning and subsequent pose estimation. \"Directional CSCA\" (D-CSCA) is proposed to specifically address pose estimation accuracy via the ICP (iterated closest-point) family of algorithms. Constraint analysis based on noise amplification index (NAI) is used. In the D-CSCA formulation, the continuum nature of the underlying shape registration renders the resulting gradient matrix and NAI thereof as pure properties of the feature, dependent on viewpoint but independent of the viewing instrument.","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127801484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Kelly, P. Olivo, C. Markham, J. McDonald, B. Caulfield, D. Fitzgerald
This paper presents work being carried out to estimate human pose using vision based methods. The data acquisition system uses an active marker technique synchronized with a three camera stereo vision system. The locations of the markers are then used to reconstruct a skeleton representation of the human pose. PCA and clustering techniques are used to classify the pose.
{"title":"Classification of Human Poses using a Vision based Technique","authors":"D. Kelly, P. Olivo, C. Markham, J. McDonald, B. Caulfield, D. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.14","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents work being carried out to estimate human pose using vision based methods. The data acquisition system uses an active marker technique synchronized with a three camera stereo vision system. The locations of the markers are then used to reconstruct a skeleton representation of the human pose. PCA and clustering techniques are used to classify the pose.","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124446061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the watershed segmentation algorithm to be successful it must be implemented on a realistic gradient image. In most watershed implementations, gradients are extracted using an operator optimal for ideal step edges. However, image edges are never ideal steps and more closely resemble ramp edges at multiple scales. Therefore this strategy results in an inaccurate measure of image gradients and in turn lessens segmentation performance. In this paper we propose a new multiscale gradient operator for ramp edges. This strategy merges the properties of accurate gradient estimation of a large scale kernel with accurate localization of a small scale kernel by tracking gradients from larger to smaller scales. Quantitative performance evaluation of segmentation results shows this approach to outperform a traditional single small scale gradient operator optimal for step edges.
{"title":"Watershed Segmentation Using a Multiscale Ramp Edge Merging Strategy","authors":"P. Corcoran, A. Winstanley","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.45","url":null,"abstract":"For the watershed segmentation algorithm to be successful it must be implemented on a realistic gradient image. In most watershed implementations, gradients are extracted using an operator optimal for ideal step edges. However, image edges are never ideal steps and more closely resemble ramp edges at multiple scales. Therefore this strategy results in an inaccurate measure of image gradients and in turn lessens segmentation performance. In this paper we propose a new multiscale gradient operator for ramp edges. This strategy merges the properties of accurate gradient estimation of a large scale kernel with accurate localization of a small scale kernel by tracking gradients from larger to smaller scales. Quantitative performance evaluation of segmentation results shows this approach to outperform a traditional single small scale gradient operator optimal for step edges.","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123515735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. McTavish, G. Okouneva, J. Enright, R. Schumacher
The fundamental task of a space vision system for rendezvous of satellites on-orbit is the real-time determination of the motion of the target satellite as observed from the chaser spacecraft. The usual task of a vision system is to return a snapshot and measurement of the target's position and orientation at a moment in time. Augmenting this architecture with an extended Kalman filter, incorporating a dynamic model and the ability to propagate motion, synthesizes a system that is more efficient and robust.
{"title":"A Dynamics Estimation Filter for Pose and Motion Estimation in Orbit","authors":"D. McTavish, G. Okouneva, J. Enright, R. Schumacher","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.2","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental task of a space vision system for rendezvous of satellites on-orbit is the real-time determination of the motion of the target satellite as observed from the chaser spacecraft. The usual task of a vision system is to return a snapshot and measurement of the target's position and orientation at a moment in time. Augmenting this architecture with an extended Kalman filter, incorporating a dynamic model and the ability to propagate motion, synthesizes a system that is more efficient and robust.","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126492236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Clawson, P. Morrow, B. Scotney, D. McKenna, O. Dolan
Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and must be diagnosed and excised during its earliest stages. The development of computerised systems which accurately quantify features representative of this cancer aims to assist diagnosis and improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy. One clinical feature suggestive of malignancy is asymmetry, which considers lesion shape, colour distribution and texture. In this paper techniques for the detection of colour asymmetry are evaluated and a new method for visually displaying and quantifying colour asymmetry is proposed. Automatic induction methods and a neural network model are utilised to evaluate the diagnostic capability of our features and identify those of greatest relative importance. Results indicate that those features quantifying possible areas of regression are most indicative of colour asymmetry.
{"title":"Computerised Skin Lesion Surface Analysis for Pigment Asymmetry Quantification","authors":"K. Clawson, P. Morrow, B. Scotney, D. McKenna, O. Dolan","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.15","url":null,"abstract":"Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and must be diagnosed and excised during its earliest stages. The development of computerised systems which accurately quantify features representative of this cancer aims to assist diagnosis and improve preoperative diagnostic accuracy. One clinical feature suggestive of malignancy is asymmetry, which considers lesion shape, colour distribution and texture. In this paper techniques for the detection of colour asymmetry are evaluated and a new method for visually displaying and quantifying colour asymmetry is proposed. Automatic induction methods and a neural network model are utilised to evaluate the diagnostic capability of our features and identify those of greatest relative importance. Results indicate that those features quantifying possible areas of regression are most indicative of colour asymmetry.","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121916256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women. Small clusters of micro calcifications appearing as collection of white spots on mammograms show an early warning of breast cancer. In present paper a novel approach of segmentation implemented on X-ray mammograms for more accurate detection of microcalcification clusters has been introduced. The method is based on discrete wavelet transform due to its multiresolution properties. Morphological tophat algorithm is applied for contrast enhancement of the calcification clusters. Finally fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) algorithm has been implemented for intensity-based segmentation. The proposed technique is compared with conventional global thresholding method and experimental results show the good properties of the proposed technique.
{"title":"Fuzzy Logic Based Segmentation of Microcalcification in Breast Using Digital Mammograms Considering Multiresolution","authors":"M. Bhattacharya, A. Das","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.20","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death for women. Small clusters of micro calcifications appearing as collection of white spots on mammograms show an early warning of breast cancer. In present paper a novel approach of segmentation implemented on X-ray mammograms for more accurate detection of microcalcification clusters has been introduced. The method is based on discrete wavelet transform due to its multiresolution properties. Morphological tophat algorithm is applied for contrast enhancement of the calcification clusters. Finally fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) algorithm has been implemented for intensity-based segmentation. The proposed technique is compared with conventional global thresholding method and experimental results show the good properties of the proposed technique.","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"11 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113976217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One important step in the process of colour image segmentation is to reduce the errors caused by image noise and local colour inhomogeneities. This can be achieved by filtering the data with a smoothing operator that eliminates the noise and the weak textures. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two image smoothing techniques designed for colour images, namely bilateral filtering for edge preserving smoothing and coupled forward and backward anisotropic diffusion scheme (FAB). Both techniques are non-linear and have the purpose of eliminating the image noise, reduce weak textures and artefacts and improve the coherence of colour information. A quantitative comparison between them will be evaluated and also the ability of such techniques to preserve the edge information will be investigated.
{"title":"Adaptive Pre-Filtering Techniques for Colour Image Analysis","authors":"D. Ilea, P. Whelan","doi":"10.1109/IMVIP.2007.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IMVIP.2007.9","url":null,"abstract":"One important step in the process of colour image segmentation is to reduce the errors caused by image noise and local colour inhomogeneities. This can be achieved by filtering the data with a smoothing operator that eliminates the noise and the weak textures. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two image smoothing techniques designed for colour images, namely bilateral filtering for edge preserving smoothing and coupled forward and backward anisotropic diffusion scheme (FAB). Both techniques are non-linear and have the purpose of eliminating the image noise, reduce weak textures and artefacts and improve the coherence of colour information. A quantitative comparison between them will be evaluated and also the ability of such techniques to preserve the edge information will be investigated.","PeriodicalId":249544,"journal":{"name":"International Machine Vision and Image Processing Conference (IMVIP 2007)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125194662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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