Pub Date : 2020-06-25DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.1
Attia El Gayar
Irrigation is main factor for agricultural production. Our aim is to increase agricultural yield by increasing area under irrigation. It is very important to see that more water available for irrigation is completely used as far as possible to avoid water loss during conveyance through canal. Seepage loss is major water loss during transit. Rainwater harvesting is the artificial collection, storage and use of runoff or rain water. The water harvesting with tanks and ponds is one option to increase water availability and agricultural production at the household level. Rain fed agriculture can be protected by adopting farm ponds. The harvested runoff water in a farm pond creates salinization / water logging problems so; it has to be lined to control the seepage losses. The article presents a review on the type of lining materials viable and to explore for a cost effective sealant which can be adapted. In comparison to clay lining, Bentonite, polymers like HDPE, LDPE, Silpoulin, LLDPE in combination with concrete increases the durability along with the 100% seepage control with benefit cost ratio for HDPE lining in combination with concrete showed highest value of 10.4:1. Bentonite, though costly has shown significant results by reducing the seepage losses by 72% to 96% respectively, depending on the thickness of application. In vertisols, lining did not show any significant variation. Whereas alfisols, luvisols of arid and semi-arid regions require lining materials with diversified crops and conservative irrigation practices.
{"title":"A study on water seepage losses for ponds and reservoirs","authors":"Attia El Gayar","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation is main factor for agricultural production. Our aim is to increase agricultural yield by increasing area under irrigation. It is very important to see that more water available for irrigation is completely used as far as possible to avoid water loss during conveyance through canal. Seepage loss is major water loss during transit. Rainwater harvesting is the artificial collection, storage and use of runoff or rain water. The water harvesting with tanks and ponds is one option to increase water availability and agricultural production at the household level. Rain fed agriculture can be protected by adopting farm ponds. The harvested runoff water in a farm pond creates salinization / water logging problems so; it has to be lined to control the seepage losses. The article presents a review on the type of lining materials viable and to explore for a cost effective sealant which can be adapted. In comparison to clay lining, Bentonite, polymers like HDPE, LDPE, Silpoulin, LLDPE in combination with concrete increases the durability along with the 100% seepage control with benefit cost ratio for HDPE lining in combination with concrete showed highest value of 10.4:1. Bentonite, though costly has shown significant results by reducing the seepage losses by 72% to 96% respectively, depending on the thickness of application. In vertisols, lining did not show any significant variation. Whereas alfisols, luvisols of arid and semi-arid regions require lining materials with diversified crops and conservative irrigation practices.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122222092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.16
R. Bairwa, Mamta, D. Dhaker, Neeraj Bagoria
In-situ trash management is necessary to cut the atmosphere pollution as well as replenishment of plant nutrient. Burning of crop residues leads to release of soot particles and smoke causing human and animal health problems. It also leads to emission of greenhouse gases namely carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, causing global warming and loss of plant nutrients like N, P, K and S. Soils of the world’s agro ecosystems (i.e., croplands, grazing lands, rangelands) are depleted of their soil organic carbon (SOC) stock by 25-75% depending on climate, soil type, historic management and the magnitude of this loss may be 10 to 50 Mg C ha-1. Integrated sugarcane trash management (ISTM), microbial enriched (Trichoderma viridae) and farm yard manure is effective in enhancing the soil health and sugarcane yield. Soil organic carbon is the most important attribute and chosen as the most important indicator of soil and environment quality and agricultural sustainability.
就地垃圾管理是减少大气污染和补充植物养分的必要条件。焚烧农作物残余物导致烟尘颗粒和烟雾的释放，造成人类和动物健康问题。它还导致温室气体，即二氧化碳、甲烷和一氧化二氮的排放，造成全球变暖和植物营养物质如N、P、K和s的损失。世界农业生态系统(即农田、放牧地、牧场)的土壤有机碳(SOC)储量消耗了25-75%，具体取决于气候、土壤类型、历史管理，这种损失的幅度可能为10至50 Mg C ha-1。甘蔗垃圾综合治理(ISTM)、微生物富集(木霉病毒科)和农家肥是提高土壤健康和甘蔗产量的有效措施。土壤有机碳是土壤环境质量和农业可持续性的最重要指标。
{"title":"In-situ trash management induced sustainability of soil health to produce the qualitative products","authors":"R. Bairwa, Mamta, D. Dhaker, Neeraj Bagoria","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ trash management is necessary to cut the atmosphere pollution as well as replenishment of plant nutrient. Burning of crop residues leads to release of soot particles and smoke causing human and animal health problems. It also leads to emission of greenhouse gases namely carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, causing global warming and loss of plant nutrients like N, P, K and S. Soils of the world’s agro ecosystems (i.e., croplands, grazing lands, rangelands) are depleted of their soil organic carbon (SOC) stock by 25-75% depending on climate, soil type, historic management and the magnitude of this loss may be 10 to 50 Mg C ha-1. Integrated sugarcane trash management (ISTM), microbial enriched (Trichoderma viridae) and farm yard manure is effective in enhancing the soil health and sugarcane yield. Soil organic carbon is the most important attribute and chosen as the most important indicator of soil and environment quality and agricultural sustainability.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127616094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.19
D. Rawal, A. Tomar, Mahak Singh
The results of genotype x environment interaction analysis revealed highly significant mean squares due to genotypes as well as environments for all the characters which indicated presence of substantial differences among the genotypes as well as environments for all the eleven characters. The environment linear (E-L) component was also significant for all the characters indicating that the six environments can be graded linearly for their differences in influencing the expression of characters of wheat genotypes. The mean squares due to genotype x environment interaction were also highly significant for all the characters except days to heading, plant height, effective tillers per plant and total number of tillers per plant to suggest important role of g x e interaction in expression of most of the characters in wheat. The linear component of g x e interaction was significant for all the characters which indicated good possibility of predicting linear responses of genotypes for all the characters under study. Thus, there would be ample possibility of discriminating the genotypes for above average, below average and average linear responses to predict their performances in changing environments under study. The significance of non-linear component (pooled deviation) of g x e interactions for all characters except ear length suggested that considerable number of genotypes may exhibit unpredictable and unstable mean performance for different characters across environments even defying their prediction on the basis of linear sensitivity coefficient.
{"title":"Genotype x environment interaction analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"D. Rawal, A. Tomar, Mahak Singh","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"The results of genotype x environment interaction analysis revealed highly significant mean squares due to genotypes as well as environments for all the characters which indicated presence of substantial differences among the genotypes as well as environments for all the eleven characters. The environment linear (E-L) component was also significant for all the characters indicating that the six environments can be graded linearly for their differences in influencing the expression of characters of wheat genotypes. The mean squares due to genotype x environment interaction were also highly significant for all the characters except days to heading, plant height, effective tillers per plant and total number of tillers per plant to suggest important role of g x e interaction in expression of most of the characters in wheat. The linear component of g x e interaction was significant for all the characters which indicated good possibility of predicting linear responses of genotypes for all the characters under study. Thus, there would be ample possibility of discriminating the genotypes for above average, below average and average linear responses to predict their performances in changing environments under study. The significance of non-linear component (pooled deviation) of g x e interactions for all characters except ear length suggested that considerable number of genotypes may exhibit unpredictable and unstable mean performance for different characters across environments even defying their prediction on the basis of linear sensitivity coefficient.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127128794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.13
Rishi Pal, Y. Malik
The estimation of economic for parent heterosis Linum usitatissimum L. genotypes 11 characters namely, Flowering duration (Days), Bud length (mm), Bud width (mm), Sepal thickness (mm), Maturity period (Days), Dough stage bud fly infestation (%), Capsules/ plant, Grains/ capsule, Yield/ plant (gm), Test weight (1000) grains and Oil content % were studied for testing the significance of differences among the treatments on experiment conducted at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur, of the university Kanpur during rabi 2012-13. The heterosis over economic parent (Neelum) showed positive and significant results. Crosses are JRF-5×Neela, GS-234 × IC-15888, GS-234 × JRF-5, EC-1424×GS-234, EC-1424×IC-15888, EC-1424×JRF-5, EC-1424×Neela, GS-234× Neela, IC-15888×JRF-5, IC-15888×Shekhar, IC-15888×Neela, JRF-5×Shekhar, Shekhar×Neela and IC-15888×Neelum. sepal thickness, (JRF-5×Shekhar, JRF-5×Neelum and JRF-5×Neela). Days to maturity, (EC-1424× Shekhar). Dough stage bud fly infestation, EC-1424×IC-15888, EC-1424×JRF-5, IC-15888×Neelum, Shekhar×Neelum, IC-15888×JRF-5, GS-234×Neela, JRF-5×Neelum and Neelum×Neela. Capsule per plant, (GS-234×Shekhar, IC-15888×Shekhar, IC-15888×Neela and JRF-5 × Shekhar) Oil content and EC-1424×IC-15888, IC-15888×Neelum, JRF-5×Neelum, Shekhar× Neelum, IC-15888×JRF-5 and Neelum×Neela. for Seed yield per plant.
{"title":"Estimation of heterosis for some traits in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Central Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Rishi Pal, Y. Malik","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of economic for parent heterosis Linum usitatissimum L. genotypes 11 characters namely, Flowering duration (Days), Bud length (mm), Bud width (mm), Sepal thickness (mm), Maturity period (Days), Dough stage bud fly infestation (%), Capsules/ plant, Grains/ capsule, Yield/ plant (gm), Test weight (1000) grains and Oil content % were studied for testing the significance of differences among the treatments on experiment conducted at Oilseed Research Farm, Kalyanpur, of the university Kanpur during rabi 2012-13. The heterosis over economic parent (Neelum) showed positive and significant results. Crosses are JRF-5×Neela, GS-234 × IC-15888, GS-234 × JRF-5, EC-1424×GS-234, EC-1424×IC-15888, EC-1424×JRF-5, EC-1424×Neela, GS-234× Neela, IC-15888×JRF-5, IC-15888×Shekhar, IC-15888×Neela, JRF-5×Shekhar, Shekhar×Neela and IC-15888×Neelum. sepal thickness, (JRF-5×Shekhar, JRF-5×Neelum and JRF-5×Neela). Days to maturity, (EC-1424× Shekhar). Dough stage bud fly infestation, EC-1424×IC-15888, EC-1424×JRF-5, IC-15888×Neelum, Shekhar×Neelum, IC-15888×JRF-5, GS-234×Neela, JRF-5×Neelum and Neelum×Neela. Capsule per plant, (GS-234×Shekhar, IC-15888×Shekhar, IC-15888×Neela and JRF-5 × Shekhar) Oil content and EC-1424×IC-15888, IC-15888×Neelum, JRF-5×Neelum, Shekhar× Neelum, IC-15888×JRF-5 and Neelum×Neela. for Seed yield per plant.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126320401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.2
G. B. Chhetri, D. Devkota, Bani Sharma
A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a high value spice crop of high medicinal and economic concern (HVAP, 2011). It has been using in Ayurveda and medicinal propose from centuries which helps to boost up digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system and immune system (Gunnar, 2018). 60 household respondents were selected using simple random technique without replacement from Beriganga Municipality, Barahataal Village Municipality and Chaukune village Municipality. 4 co-operatives were selected from each level randomly and 5 respondent from each co-operatives, i.e. 20 respondents from each local level. 3 spice industries and 7 traders were selected purposively. Secondary data were collected from secondary sources like PMAMP, journal articles, MoAD etc. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost analysis, value chain analysis were carried out. The study reveals that 81.67% of populations were engaged in agriculture occupation as a primary source of income. The BC ratio of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be 1.30, 1.09 and 1.36 (machinery), 1.16 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Similarly the cost of production of fresh dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 18.46, NRs. 119.20 and NRs. 162.92 (machinery), NRs. 189.87 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Market margin of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 6.03, NRs. 25.07 and NRs. 179.70 respectively. In the study area major value chain actors were providers, producers, collectors, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Insufficient technical support and improved seed rhizome, insufficient price to cover cost of production and traders dominance in pricing were the major problems faced by turmeric producing community. This study suggests the farmers for seed production, value addition, marketing and distribution in farm level.
{"title":"Value chain analysis of turmeric subsector in Surkhet district of Nepal","authors":"G. B. Chhetri, D. Devkota, Bani Sharma","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a high value spice crop of high medicinal and economic concern (HVAP, 2011). It has been using in Ayurveda and medicinal propose from centuries which helps to boost up digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system and immune system (Gunnar, 2018). 60 household respondents were selected using simple random technique without replacement from Beriganga Municipality, Barahataal Village Municipality and Chaukune village Municipality. 4 co-operatives were selected from each level randomly and 5 respondent from each co-operatives, i.e. 20 respondents from each local level. 3 spice industries and 7 traders were selected purposively. Secondary data were collected from secondary sources like PMAMP, journal articles, MoAD etc. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost analysis, value chain analysis were carried out. The study reveals that 81.67% of populations were engaged in agriculture occupation as a primary source of income. The BC ratio of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be 1.30, 1.09 and 1.36 (machinery), 1.16 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Similarly the cost of production of fresh dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 18.46, NRs. 119.20 and NRs. 162.92 (machinery), NRs. 189.87 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Market margin of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 6.03, NRs. 25.07 and NRs. 179.70 respectively. In the study area major value chain actors were providers, producers, collectors, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Insufficient technical support and improved seed rhizome, insufficient price to cover cost of production and traders dominance in pricing were the major problems faced by turmeric producing community. This study suggests the farmers for seed production, value addition, marketing and distribution in farm level.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116193219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.6
Ankit Kumar, A. Tomar
The results revealed that parents namely, TSK-10, TSK-27, New Blue-II, Kurara and TSK-109 were found highly genetic diverse for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 755 dry husk. The parents namely, TSK-109, Kurara, New Blue-II and TSK-10 were found highly genetic diverse for plant height (cm), cob height, number of cobs per plant and number of grains per cob. The parents namely, Kurara, TSK-109, TSK-10, New Blue-II and TSK-27 were found highly genetic diverse for shelling percentage, grain yield per plant, grain yield per cob and 100-grain weight.
{"title":"Selection of best lines and hybrids on the basis of genetic variability analysis in Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Ankit Kumar, A. Tomar","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The results revealed that parents namely, TSK-10, TSK-27, New Blue-II, Kurara and TSK-109 were found highly genetic diverse for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to 755 dry husk. The parents namely, TSK-109, Kurara, New Blue-II and TSK-10 were found highly genetic diverse for plant height (cm), cob height, number of cobs per plant and number of grains per cob. The parents namely, Kurara, TSK-109, TSK-10, New Blue-II and TSK-27 were found highly genetic diverse for shelling percentage, grain yield per plant, grain yield per cob and 100-grain weight.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132870488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-15DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.7
Eltahir Omer, Mohammed Fator, Wael. A. Marajan, Esam Eldin M. Ali
Intercropping is not a common practice in forage production in Sudan, in spite of its importance; farmers don’t know the potentiality of this type of cultivation and more experiments needed to adopt this type of cropping system and it is an example of biological interaction. A field experiment was conducted under irrigation for two consecutive seasons during 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 in the demonstration farm, college of Animal production, University of Bahri, Sudan to study the effect of intercropping of two leguminous forage crops (clitoria and phillipesara) cultivated with one non leguminous crop (Sorghum). Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used. Yield of sole crops produced more forage, but the total yield (Over yielding) of the intercropped plants as revealed by land equivalent ratio was higher compared with the individual crops. Clitoria growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter) were not significantly affected by intercropping, but there was significant difference in plant population in the two seasons. Intercropping did not significantly affect growth parameters during the two seasons of Phillipesara except plant population and the first reading of plant height. Sorghum showed significant differences in plant population and some readings during the two seasons (the fourth reading of plant height in the first season, the first reading of number of leaves in first season, the fourth reading of stem diameter in the first season and the first reading of stem diameter in the second season).
{"title":"Effect of intercropping on growth and yield of some Leguminous and Cereal forage crops in El Kadaru Area","authors":"Eltahir Omer, Mohammed Fator, Wael. A. Marajan, Esam Eldin M. Ali","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping is not a common practice in forage production in Sudan, in spite of its importance; farmers don’t know the potentiality of this type of cultivation and more experiments needed to adopt this type of cropping system and it is an example of biological interaction. A field experiment was conducted under irrigation for two consecutive seasons during 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 in the demonstration farm, college of Animal production, University of Bahri, Sudan to study the effect of intercropping of two leguminous forage crops (clitoria and phillipesara) cultivated with one non leguminous crop (Sorghum). Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used. Yield of sole crops produced more forage, but the total yield (Over yielding) of the intercropped plants as revealed by land equivalent ratio was higher compared with the individual crops. Clitoria growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter) were not significantly affected by intercropping, but there was significant difference in plant population in the two seasons. Intercropping did not significantly affect growth parameters during the two seasons of Phillipesara except plant population and the first reading of plant height. Sorghum showed significant differences in plant population and some readings during the two seasons (the fourth reading of plant height in the first season, the first reading of number of leaves in first season, the fourth reading of stem diameter in the first season and the first reading of stem diameter in the second season).","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131118423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-10DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.21
V. Shahi, S. Dutta, K. Majumdar, A. Tomar
The SSNM is need-based feeding of crops with nutrients in right source, right rate, right time and right place while, recognizing the inherent spatial variability which enhances crop productivity, profitability, NUE and avoids nutrient wastage. This paper deals with the SSNM technologies approaches and tools which are able to enhance NUE, crop productivity and profitability in wheat crop. The SSNM caters to help in improving NUE as it provides an approach for feeding crops like rice, maize and wheat, etc with nutrients as and when needed. It is based on the concept when and how much to feed. The main benefit for farmers from improved nutrient management strategy is an increase in the profitability and reducing the cost and environmental threats. The SSNM reduces the wastage of fertilizers by preventing excessive use of fertilizers and avoiding fertilizer application when the crop does not require nutrient inputs. It also assures that N, P and K are applied in that ratio required by the intended crop. It aims to achieve high yield and high efficiency of nutrient use, leading to high cash value of the harvest per unit of fertilizer invested. Results from three years data from 2014 to 2016, 173 on-farm sites in four districts of Bihar showed that NE significantly increased wheat yields and economic returns compared to the generalized Farmers’ Fertilization Practice (FFP). NE’s impact on fertilizer use in wheat shifted K application upwards while also minute upwards N and P application rates. The study used recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT) and computer based application of "Nutrient Expert for Wheat, Maize and Rice", which transform the science of SSNM into guidelines matching the field-specific needs and conditions of a farmer. Across all sites, NE wheat increased to yield and economic benefit (i.e. gross return above fertilizer costs) over FFP. Recommendations from NE wheat also increased yield (by .63 t/ha) over FFP with large increase in fertilizer K (+50.88 kg K20/ha) and N and P fertilizer was minute increase N (+ 4.32 Kg N/ha) and P (+ 6.21 Kg P2o5/ha). Result revealed that nutrient expert application significantly increase higher grain yields over farmer fertilizer practice (FFP). Average wheat grain yield in NE practice was 45.32 Kg ha-1, which was 13.9% more than the Farmer Fertilizer Practices, with NE recorded an additional net income of Rs.8434 ha-1 over FFP respectively.
SSNM是以作物需求为基础，在正确的来源、正确的速率、正确的时间和正确的地点对作物进行营养饲喂，同时认识到作物内在的空间变异性，从而提高作物的生产力、盈利能力、氮肥利用效率，避免养分浪费。本文介绍了提高小麦作物氮肥利用效率、作物生产力和盈利能力的ssm技术、方法和工具。SSNM提供了一种在需要时为水稻、玉米和小麦等作物提供营养的方法，有助于提高氮肥利用效率。它是基于何时喂食和喂食多少的概念。改善营养管理战略对农民的主要好处是提高了盈利能力，减少了成本和环境威胁。SSNM通过防止过度使用肥料和避免在作物不需要养分投入时施用肥料来减少肥料的浪费。它还确保氮、磷和钾按预期作物所需的比例施用。它的目标是实现高产、高效的养分利用，使单位化肥投入的收获具有较高的现金价值。2014年至2016年，比哈尔邦4个地区173个农田的3年数据显示，与通用农民施肥做法(FFP)相比，NE显著提高了小麦产量和经济回报。东北风对小麦肥料利用的影响使钾肥施用量上升，同时也使氮磷施用量上升。该研究利用了信息和通信技术(ICT)的最新进展以及基于计算机的“小麦、玉米和水稻营养专家”应用，将SSNM科学转化为符合农民特定领域需求和条件的指南。在所有试验点中，东北小麦的产量和经济效益(即总回报高于肥料成本)均高于FFP。东北小麦的推荐量也比FFP提高了产量(0.63 t/ha)，其中钾肥大幅增加(+50.88 kg K20/ha)，氮肥和磷肥小幅增加(+ 4.32 kg N/ha)和磷肥(+ 6.21 kg P2o5/ha)。结果表明，营养专家施用比农民施肥显著提高粮食产量。东北地区的平均小麦产量为45.32 Kg hm -1，比农民肥料做法高出13.9%，东北地区的净收入分别比FFP增加了8434 rs ha-1。
{"title":"Study on nutrient management in high yield Wheat system in Bihar using nutrient expert tool","authors":"V. Shahi, S. Dutta, K. Majumdar, A. Tomar","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"The SSNM is need-based feeding of crops with nutrients in right source, right rate, right time and right place while, recognizing the inherent spatial variability which enhances crop productivity, profitability, NUE and avoids nutrient wastage. This paper deals with the SSNM technologies approaches and tools which are able to enhance NUE, crop productivity and profitability in wheat crop. The SSNM caters to help in improving NUE as it provides an approach for feeding crops like rice, maize and wheat, etc with nutrients as and when needed. It is based on the concept when and how much to feed. The main benefit for farmers from improved nutrient management strategy is an increase in the profitability and reducing the cost and environmental threats. The SSNM reduces the wastage of fertilizers by preventing excessive use of fertilizers and avoiding fertilizer application when the crop does not require nutrient inputs. It also assures that N, P and K are applied in that ratio required by the intended crop. It aims to achieve high yield and high efficiency of nutrient use, leading to high cash value of the harvest per unit of fertilizer invested. Results from three years data from 2014 to 2016, 173 on-farm sites in four districts of Bihar showed that NE significantly increased wheat yields and economic returns compared to the generalized Farmers’ Fertilization Practice (FFP). NE’s impact on fertilizer use in wheat shifted K application upwards while also minute upwards N and P application rates. The study used recent advances in information and communication technology (ICT) and computer based application of \"Nutrient Expert for Wheat, Maize and Rice\", which transform the science of SSNM into guidelines matching the field-specific needs and conditions of a farmer. Across all sites, NE wheat increased to yield and economic benefit (i.e. gross return above fertilizer costs) over FFP. Recommendations from NE wheat also increased yield (by .63 t/ha) over FFP with large increase in fertilizer K (+50.88 kg K20/ha) and N and P fertilizer was minute increase N (+ 4.32 Kg N/ha) and P (+ 6.21 Kg P2o5/ha). Result revealed that nutrient expert application significantly increase higher grain yields over farmer fertilizer practice (FFP). Average wheat grain yield in NE practice was 45.32 Kg ha-1, which was 13.9% more than the Farmer Fertilizer Practices, with NE recorded an additional net income of Rs.8434 ha-1 over FFP respectively.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130971078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.5
Tanuja Mishra, N. Mishra, Harcharan Singh, Kadambari Mishra, Joginder Singh
The Arunachal Pradesh region is one of the richest reservoirs of genetic variability and diversity of different crops i.e. various kinds of fruits, different vegetables, spices, ornamental plants and also medicinal and aromatic plants. The diversity for horticultural crops of this region has mainly been managed by local farmers, often women. Considerable diversity exists among the regional horticultural species including variation in plant type, morphological and physiological characteristics, reactions to diseases and pests, adaptability and distribution. Apart from the nutritional value, many regional horticultural crops are used for medicinal purposes and income generating source in the rural areas. The Arunachal Pradesh of States constitutes the District of West Kameng, Tawang, East siang, East Kameng, Papum Pare, Lower Subansiri, Kurang Kumey, Upper Subansari, West siang, East siang, Upper siang, Dibang valley, Lower Dibang valley, Lohit, Anjaw, Changlang and Tirap. The raining season in this region generally commences from March and lasts till the end of September. Diverse agro–climate condition, fertile soils and abundance of rainfall offer immense scope for development in the horticulture sector. This paper is a humble effort at bringing fort the states of production of the horticultural crops of the Arunachal Pradesh, particularly West Kameng. The exportable surplus and its potentialities is also discus as well as the potential for the National/ International markets is also found out along with the problems of support for export promotion, transport facility etc.
{"title":"Performance of horticultural crops in Arunachal Pradesh with special reference to West Kameng District","authors":"Tanuja Mishra, N. Mishra, Harcharan Singh, Kadambari Mishra, Joginder Singh","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Arunachal Pradesh region is one of the richest reservoirs of genetic variability and diversity of different crops i.e. various kinds of fruits, different vegetables, spices, ornamental plants and also medicinal and aromatic plants. The diversity for horticultural crops of this region has mainly been managed by local farmers, often women. Considerable diversity exists among the regional horticultural species including variation in plant type, morphological and physiological characteristics, reactions to diseases and pests, adaptability and distribution. Apart from the nutritional value, many regional horticultural crops are used for medicinal purposes and income generating source in the rural areas. The Arunachal Pradesh of States constitutes the District of West Kameng, Tawang, East siang, East Kameng, Papum Pare, Lower Subansiri, Kurang Kumey, Upper Subansari, West siang, East siang, Upper siang, Dibang valley, Lower Dibang valley, Lohit, Anjaw, Changlang and Tirap. The raining season in this region generally commences from March and lasts till the end of September. Diverse agro–climate condition, fertile soils and abundance of rainfall offer immense scope for development in the horticulture sector. This paper is a humble effort at bringing fort the states of production of the horticultural crops of the Arunachal Pradesh, particularly West Kameng. The exportable surplus and its potentialities is also discus as well as the potential for the National/ International markets is also found out along with the problems of support for export promotion, transport facility etc.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121294011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-06DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2019.4.2.22
K. Uma, S. Sarath, P. Kumar
Banana is the most important fruit crop in India which requires the various cultivation practices. For carrying out those cultivation practices various energies are required to meet sustainable production. The main aim of this study was to find out the resource use efficiency estimation for banana production in Erode District of Tamil Nadu. Primary data was collected from 100 sample farmers using well structured interview schedule. The empirical results shows that except human labour, nitrogen, phosphorus and diesel remaining all other variables included in the model were positive and human labour, machine labour, nitrogen, potassium, FYM, plant protection chemicals, irrigation water, sucker and electricity were significant among other variables. Subsequently, increase in 1% use of inputs such as machine labour, potassium, electricity, sucker and plant protection chemicals would increase the yield of banana 0.15 per cent, 0.20 per cent, 0.02 per cent, 0.01 per cent and 0.01 per cent respectively and 79 per cent of the variations in banana yield were influenced by the explanatory variables. Likewise price fluctuation plays a major constraint among the banana farmers. This study suggested the banana farmers to use more amount of potassium and to reduce the usage of human labour and as well as nitrogen fertilizer for sustainable use of resources.
{"title":"A Study on resource use efficiency of banana production in Tamil Nadu","authors":"K. Uma, S. Sarath, P. Kumar","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2019.4.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2019.4.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"Banana is the most important fruit crop in India which requires the various cultivation practices. For carrying out those cultivation practices various energies are required to meet sustainable production. The main aim of this study was to find out the resource use efficiency estimation for banana production in Erode District of Tamil Nadu. Primary data was collected from 100 sample farmers using well structured interview schedule. The empirical results shows that except human labour, nitrogen, phosphorus and diesel remaining all other variables included in the model were positive and human labour, machine labour, nitrogen, potassium, FYM, plant protection chemicals, irrigation water, sucker and electricity were significant among other variables. Subsequently, increase in 1% use of inputs such as machine labour, potassium, electricity, sucker and plant protection chemicals would increase the yield of banana 0.15 per cent, 0.20 per cent, 0.02 per cent, 0.01 per cent and 0.01 per cent respectively and 79 per cent of the variations in banana yield were influenced by the explanatory variables. Likewise price fluctuation plays a major constraint among the banana farmers. This study suggested the banana farmers to use more amount of potassium and to reduce the usage of human labour and as well as nitrogen fertilizer for sustainable use of resources.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122199808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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