Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.4
Shilpa Singh, R. Nigam
Present study on Farmer’s knowledge about climate change to affect the farmer’s income and climate change on agriculture will depend on the ultimate form of changed climate, particularly the geographic pattern of temperature, rain fall, relative humidity; wind blow and sun shine. A climate change impact potentially significant to small farm production is loss of soil organic matter due to soil warming. The farmers have been using different strategies to adapt and cope up with uncertain weather and climate based on their experience and acquired knowledge from previous generation. The following example shows their crop selection skills according to the variation under rain fed agro-ecosystem. A climate change impact potentially significant to small farm production is loss of soil organic matter due to soil warming. Higher air temperatures are likely to speed the natural decomposition of organic matter and to increase the rates of other soil processes that affect fertility.
{"title":"A study on Farmer’s knowledge about climate change","authors":"Shilpa Singh, R. Nigam","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Present study on Farmer’s knowledge about climate change to affect the farmer’s income and climate change on agriculture will depend on the ultimate form of changed climate, particularly the geographic pattern of temperature, rain fall, relative humidity; wind blow and sun shine. A climate change impact potentially significant to small farm production is loss of soil organic matter due to soil warming. The farmers have been using different strategies to adapt and cope up with uncertain weather and climate based on their experience and acquired knowledge from previous generation. The following example shows their crop selection skills according to the variation under rain fed agro-ecosystem. A climate change impact potentially significant to small farm production is loss of soil organic matter due to soil warming. Higher air temperatures are likely to speed the natural decomposition of organic matter and to increase the rates of other soil processes that affect fertility.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127006685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.14
D. Pathak, R. Khan
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major disease of rapeseed-mustard and it is considered next to Alternaria blight in causing yield losses as much as 70 per cent in susceptible crop. The pathogen survives in the form of sclerotia on plant debris or in soil for more than 4 years, which makes it very difficult to manage with conventional approaches. Therefore, its management with fungicides and bio-control agents remains an effective approach. The present study was undertaken in-vitro, using four fungicides viz., vitavax, propiconazole, mancozeb and azoxystrobin at three different concentrations i.e. 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% and three species of Trichoderma viz., T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii,to find out their relative efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen. It is evident from the observations that all four fungicides and three Trichoderma spp. resulted a significant effect on growth inhibition of S. sclerotiorum. Among all fungicides tested, vitavax and propiconazole were most effective at all three concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 %) and inhibited cent percent radial growth of the pathogen, while mancozeb and azoxystrobin were least effective. Among the bio-control agents, T. viride was noted to be most effective antagonist followed by T. koningii resulting 78.50% and 72.21% growth inhibition, respectively. Whereas, T. harzianum showed minimum radial growth inhibition (49.25%) of S. sclerotiorum in this study.
由菌核菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Lib.) de Bary引起的菌核菌茎腐病(SSR)是油菜的一种主要病害，在易感作物中造成高达70%的产量损失，仅次于疫病。这种病原体以菌核的形式在植物残骸或土壤中存活4年以上，这使得用传统方法很难控制它。因此，使用杀菌剂和生物防治剂对其进行管理仍然是一种有效的方法。本研究采用体外实验方法，采用维他伐、丙环唑、代森锰锌、偶氮嘧菌酯3种不同浓度(0.05%、0.1%、0.2%)的杀菌剂和3种木霉(Trichoderma viz.， T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii)对病原菌菌丝生长的相对抑制效果进行研究。结果表明，4种杀菌剂和3种木霉对菌核菌的生长均有明显的抑制作用。在所测试的杀菌剂中，维他伐和丙环唑在3种浓度(0.05、0.1和0.2%)下对病原菌径向生长的抑制效果最好，而代森锰锌和嘧菌酯的抑制效果最差。在生物防治剂中，绿芽孢杆菌的生长抑制效果最好，其次是koningii，抑制率分别为78.50%和72.21%。而在本研究中，哈兹霉对菌核病菌的径向生长抑制最小(49.25%)。
{"title":"Evaluation of fungicides and bio-control agents in-vitro, against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes white stem rot disease in Rapeseed-mustard","authors":"D. Pathak, R. Khan","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a major disease of rapeseed-mustard and it is considered next to Alternaria blight in causing yield losses as much as 70 per cent in susceptible crop. The pathogen survives in the form of sclerotia on plant debris or in soil for more than 4 years, which makes it very difficult to manage with conventional approaches. Therefore, its management with fungicides and bio-control agents remains an effective approach. The present study was undertaken in-vitro, using four fungicides viz., vitavax, propiconazole, mancozeb and azoxystrobin at three different concentrations i.e. 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% and three species of Trichoderma viz., T. harzianum, T. viride, T. koningii,to find out their relative efficacy in inhibiting mycelial growth of the pathogen. It is evident from the observations that all four fungicides and three Trichoderma spp. resulted a significant effect on growth inhibition of S. sclerotiorum. Among all fungicides tested, vitavax and propiconazole were most effective at all three concentrations (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 %) and inhibited cent percent radial growth of the pathogen, while mancozeb and azoxystrobin were least effective. Among the bio-control agents, T. viride was noted to be most effective antagonist followed by T. koningii resulting 78.50% and 72.21% growth inhibition, respectively. Whereas, T. harzianum showed minimum radial growth inhibition (49.25%) of S. sclerotiorum in this study.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128033687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.5
R. P. Yadav, B. Gupta, P. L. Bhutia, J. K. Bisht, V. Meena, Prabhat Tewari
The change in land use as well as elevation changes microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water extractable organic carbons (WOC), which are important parameters of soil fertility and essential for sustainable management of any land use. In Central Himalaya watershed (2B4D6) the land use pattern varies with elevation. The present study aims to examine the soils (0-30 cm depth) of different land uses i.e. agroforestry, silvipastoral and grassland for microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC along the elevation. Microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC contents varied significantly (less than 0.005) among land uses and it increased along the elevation. Maximum microbial biomass C and N was recorded in agroforestry, silvipastoral and minimum in grassland. While, WOC highest in silvipasture, agroforestry and grassland. Land uses along elevation had strong positive correlation with microbial biomass C, N and WOC. Thus it is concluded that microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC changes significantly (less than 0.05) in different land uses and along elevation gradient.
{"title":"Effect of land uses and elevation on microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and water extractable carbon in Kumaon Himalaya, India","authors":"R. P. Yadav, B. Gupta, P. L. Bhutia, J. K. Bisht, V. Meena, Prabhat Tewari","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The change in land use as well as elevation changes microbial biomass carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and water extractable organic carbons (WOC), which are important parameters of soil fertility and essential for sustainable management of any land use. In Central Himalaya watershed (2B4D6) the land use pattern varies with elevation. The present study aims to examine the soils (0-30 cm depth) of different land uses i.e. agroforestry, silvipastoral and grassland for microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC along the elevation. Microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC contents varied significantly (less than 0.005) among land uses and it increased along the elevation. Maximum microbial biomass C and N was recorded in agroforestry, silvipastoral and minimum in grassland. While, WOC highest in silvipasture, agroforestry and grassland. Land uses along elevation had strong positive correlation with microbial biomass C, N and WOC. Thus it is concluded that microbial biomass C, N, microbial population and WOC changes significantly (less than 0.05) in different land uses and along elevation gradient.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115117792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.19
Pappu Lal Bairwa, A. Dixit, N. Tyagi, Bhanupratap Jangde
Vegetables are considered as protective food because of various vitamins, minerals and antioxidants present in them. In India systematic vegetable improvement work was started in the 1970‟s and since then India has improved tremendously in terms of vegetable production with respect to world ranking and ranks 2nd after China. Almost all the varieties of public domain have been evolved with various special characteristics through conventional breeding approach but with the recognition of various biotechnological tools for genetic improvement of crops, emphasis is being given on the integrated approach of vegetable improvement. As conventional breeding approach of improvement has been realized a slow process of genetic improvement which improves genome in an uncontrolled fashion with more number of generations to assemble and fix the desirable traits while, biotechnological approach allow introgression of a single distinct gene without linkage drag. The producer of vegetables for processing in the next ten years must be highly competitive and efficient. Quality of processed foods has always included purity, color, size, texture and flavor. In a more international market it also must include consistency, suggesting perhaps a uniform grading system, unless the processor's label is an accepted seal of quality.
{"title":"Breeding techniques for quality improvement and processing characters in Vegetable Crops","authors":"Pappu Lal Bairwa, A. Dixit, N. Tyagi, Bhanupratap Jangde","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetables are considered as protective food because of various vitamins, minerals and antioxidants present in them. In India systematic vegetable improvement work was started in the 1970‟s and since then India has improved tremendously in terms of vegetable production with respect to world ranking and ranks 2nd after China. Almost all the varieties of public domain have been evolved with various special characteristics through conventional breeding approach but with the recognition of various biotechnological tools for genetic improvement of crops, emphasis is being given on the integrated approach of vegetable improvement. As conventional breeding approach of improvement has been realized a slow process of genetic improvement which improves genome in an uncontrolled fashion with more number of generations to assemble and fix the desirable traits while, biotechnological approach allow introgression of a single distinct gene without linkage drag. The producer of vegetables for processing in the next ten years must be highly competitive and efficient. Quality of processed foods has always included purity, color, size, texture and flavor. In a more international market it also must include consistency, suggesting perhaps a uniform grading system, unless the processor's label is an accepted seal of quality.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123698201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.16
Seema Singh
Processed foods or modified raw foods made by the addition of hormones, additives, preservatives, other chemical or heat treatments that alter the natural healthy enzymes, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. In comparison to raw and unprocessed foods, processed foods are usually safer, durable and with high level of bioactivity of nutrients. At present, the advancement in food processing methods and techniques is necessary to meet the challenges of food security and safety, nutrition demand and availability of food at the global level. Therefore, the present review comprises the information. about the effects of food products on health at global level by means of several examples of processed foods with their nutritional contents before and after processing. All the necessary data and information is gathered through secondary sources.
{"title":"Food Processing: need and effect on nutrient content","authors":"Seema Singh","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Processed foods or modified raw foods made by the addition of hormones, additives, preservatives, other chemical or heat treatments that alter the natural healthy enzymes, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. In comparison to raw and unprocessed foods, processed foods are usually safer, durable and with high level of bioactivity of nutrients. At present, the advancement in food processing methods and techniques is necessary to meet the challenges of food security and safety, nutrition demand and availability of food at the global level. Therefore, the present review comprises the information. about the effects of food products on health at global level by means of several examples of processed foods with their nutritional contents before and after processing. All the necessary data and information is gathered through secondary sources.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129976050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.9
Anurag Malik, Anil Kumar, Priyan Rai, S. Singh
In this study, hypsometric curve (HC) and hypsometric integral (HI) of Chaukhutia, Bino, Naula and Gagas watersheds located in upper Ramganga River basin, Uttarakhand State, India, was done using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). The results of analysis revealed that the HI = 0.398, 0.345, 0.372 and 0.319 for Chaukhutia, Bino, Naula and Gagas watersheds, respectively. Based on HC two geological stages of erosion cycle i.e. monadnock and mature were identified in the study area. Therefore, the findings of this research could be useful for planning and constructing soil and water conservation structures at appropriate locations in these watersheds.
{"title":"Hypsometric curve and integral estimation of four hilly watersheds of Ramganga river basin using RS and GIS","authors":"Anurag Malik, Anil Kumar, Priyan Rai, S. Singh","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, hypsometric curve (HC) and hypsometric integral (HI) of Chaukhutia, Bino, Naula and Gagas watersheds located in upper Ramganga River basin, Uttarakhand State, India, was done using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). The results of analysis revealed that the HI = 0.398, 0.345, 0.372 and 0.319 for Chaukhutia, Bino, Naula and Gagas watersheds, respectively. Based on HC two geological stages of erosion cycle i.e. monadnock and mature were identified in the study area. Therefore, the findings of this research could be useful for planning and constructing soil and water conservation structures at appropriate locations in these watersheds.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121038189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.21
K. Choudhary, P. Dev, J. Kumar, Vinuj Kumar, T. Kumar
A field experiment was conducted during 2017-18 to examine the impact of integrated nutrient management on growth parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. Pusa KTS-1. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments consisting of different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The experimental field was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. All variable parameters regarding yield behaviour were significantly influenced by integrated nutrient management practices. Results indicated that combined application of 80% NPK + 2 t/ha vermicompost gave the significant effect on yield attributing parameters viz., head diameter (21.33 cm), number of spear per plant (13.00), head weight (332.33 gm) and yield (162.84 q/ha) as compared to other treatments.
为研究综合营养管理对花椰菜(Brassica oleracea L. var. italica)生长参数的影响，于2017- 2018年进行了田间试验。天KTS-1。试验包括12个处理，由不同的有机肥和无机肥组合组成。试验田采用随机区组设计(RBD)，设3个重复。有关产量行为的所有可变参数均受综合营养管理措施的显著影响。结果表明，与其他处理相比，80%氮磷钾+ 2 t/ha蚯蚓堆肥配施对单株穗直径(21.33 cm)、单株刺数(13.00)、穗重(332.33 gm)和产量(162.84 q/ha)的影响显著。
{"title":"Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield parameters of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. Pusa KTS-1","authors":"K. Choudhary, P. Dev, J. Kumar, Vinuj Kumar, T. Kumar","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.21","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was conducted during 2017-18 to examine the impact of integrated nutrient management on growth parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) cv. Pusa KTS-1. The experiment comprised of twelve treatments consisting of different combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The experimental field was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. All variable parameters regarding yield behaviour were significantly influenced by integrated nutrient management practices. Results indicated that combined application of 80% NPK + 2 t/ha vermicompost gave the significant effect on yield attributing parameters viz., head diameter (21.33 cm), number of spear per plant (13.00), head weight (332.33 gm) and yield (162.84 q/ha) as compared to other treatments.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114116744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.2
O. El-Badry, E. Gheith
A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a high value spice crop of high medicinal and economic concern (HVAP, 2011). It has been using in Ayurveda and medicinal propose from centuries which helps to boost up digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system and immune system (Gunnar, 2018). 60 household respondents were selected using simple random technique without replacement from Beriganga Municipality, Barahataal Village Municipality and Chaukune village Municipality. 4 co-operatives were selected from each level randomly and 5 respondent from each co-operatives, i.e. 20 respondents from each local level. 3 spice industries and 7 traders were selected purposively. Secondary data were collected from secondary sources like PMAMP, journal articles, MoAD etc. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost analysis, value chain analysis were carried out. The study reveals that 81.67% of populations were engaged in agriculture occupation as a primary source of income. The BC ratio of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be 1.30, 1.09 and 1.36 (machinery), 1.16 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Similarly the cost of production of fresh dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 18.46, NRs. 119.20 and NRs. 162.92 (machinery), NRs. 189.87 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Market margin of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 6.03, NRs. 25.07 and NRs. 179.70 respectively. In the study area major value chain actors were providers, producers, collectors, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Insufficient technical support and improved seed rhizome, insufficient price to cover cost of production and traders dominance in pricing were the major problems faced by turmeric producing community. This study suggests the farmers for seed production, value addition, marketing and distribution in farm level.
{"title":"Growth and productivity of Barley (Hordium vulgare L) as affected by sowing methods and nitrogen fertilizer levels","authors":"O. El-Badry, E. Gheith","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out during the early summer seasons of 2018, at Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a high value spice crop of high medicinal and economic concern (HVAP, 2011). It has been using in Ayurveda and medicinal propose from centuries which helps to boost up digestive system, circulatory system, nervous system and immune system (Gunnar, 2018). 60 household respondents were selected using simple random technique without replacement from Beriganga Municipality, Barahataal Village Municipality and Chaukune village Municipality. 4 co-operatives were selected from each level randomly and 5 respondent from each co-operatives, i.e. 20 respondents from each local level. 3 spice industries and 7 traders were selected purposively. Secondary data were collected from secondary sources like PMAMP, journal articles, MoAD etc. Descriptive statistics, benefit cost analysis, value chain analysis were carried out. The study reveals that 81.67% of populations were engaged in agriculture occupation as a primary source of income. The BC ratio of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be 1.30, 1.09 and 1.36 (machinery), 1.16 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Similarly the cost of production of fresh dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 18.46, NRs. 119.20 and NRs. 162.92 (machinery), NRs. 189.87 (Dhiki Jhato) respectively. Market margin of fresh, dry and powder turmeric was found to be NRs. 6.03, NRs. 25.07 and NRs. 179.70 respectively. In the study area major value chain actors were providers, producers, collectors, processors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers. Insufficient technical support and improved seed rhizome, insufficient price to cover cost of production and traders dominance in pricing were the major problems faced by turmeric producing community. This study suggests the farmers for seed production, value addition, marketing and distribution in farm level.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125334157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.13
Safdar Kaiser Hasmi, R. Khan
In-vitro effectiveness of various antagonistic fungi namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma koningii, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar. According to the observation recorded after 5 days, all the treatments were found to be superior over control (R. solani), but among all treatments A. niger was found to the most effective antagonist, with highest radial growth inhibition of the pathogen (77.01 percent), followed by A. flavus, T. harzianum and T. koningii i.e., 66.23, 64.42 and 62.20 percent. While as, T. atroviride was found to be the least effective one with minimum growth inhibition i.e., 42.21 percent. Whereas, at the same time control (R. solani) showed 100 percent radial growth and covered the whole Petri Plate within 5 days. All the bio-control agents were significantly effective to inhibit the sclerotia formation and development, except T. atroviride in which formation of sclerotia was recorded, while in all other treatments complete inhibition of sclerotia formation was recorded after 10 days of incubation.
{"title":"In-vitro bioefficacy of fungal antagonists against root rot of Pea caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn)","authors":"Safdar Kaiser Hasmi, R. Khan","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"In-vitro effectiveness of various antagonistic fungi namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma koningii, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar. According to the observation recorded after 5 days, all the treatments were found to be superior over control (R. solani), but among all treatments A. niger was found to the most effective antagonist, with highest radial growth inhibition of the pathogen (77.01 percent), followed by A. flavus, T. harzianum and T. koningii i.e., 66.23, 64.42 and 62.20 percent. While as, T. atroviride was found to be the least effective one with minimum growth inhibition i.e., 42.21 percent. Whereas, at the same time control (R. solani) showed 100 percent radial growth and covered the whole Petri Plate within 5 days. All the bio-control agents were significantly effective to inhibit the sclerotia formation and development, except T. atroviride in which formation of sclerotia was recorded, while in all other treatments complete inhibition of sclerotia formation was recorded after 10 days of incubation.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125953091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-27DOI: 10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.10
A. Amir, N. Kapoor, H. Kumar, M. Tariq, M. A. Siddiqui
Sandalwood is a commercially and culturally important plant species belonging to the family Santalaceae and the genus Santalum. In Indian sandalwood is renowned for its oil, which is highly rated for its sweet, fragrant, persistent aroma and the fixative property which is highly demanded by the perfume industry. For better production and varieties, requires to understanding the functions of proteins, their analysis and characterization of proteins sequences and their structures, their localizations in cell and their interaction with other functional partner. Due to limited number of in silico studies on sandalwood, in the present study we have performed in silico analysis by characterization of sandalwood proteins. Total 23 proteins were obtained and characterization using UniProtKB, identifying their physico-chemical parameters using ProtParam tool and prediction of their secondary structure elements using GOR of all 23 proteins.
{"title":"In silico, Physico-chemical characterization and analysis of Sandalwood proteins","authors":"A. Amir, N. Kapoor, H. Kumar, M. Tariq, M. A. Siddiqui","doi":"10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2018.3.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Sandalwood is a commercially and culturally important plant species belonging to the family Santalaceae and the genus Santalum. In Indian sandalwood is renowned for its oil, which is highly rated for its sweet, fragrant, persistent aroma and the fixative property which is highly demanded by the perfume industry. For better production and varieties, requires to understanding the functions of proteins, their analysis and characterization of proteins sequences and their structures, their localizations in cell and their interaction with other functional partner. Due to limited number of in silico studies on sandalwood, in the present study we have performed in silico analysis by characterization of sandalwood proteins. Total 23 proteins were obtained and characterization using UniProtKB, identifying their physico-chemical parameters using ProtParam tool and prediction of their secondary structure elements using GOR of all 23 proteins.","PeriodicalId":250014,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural Invention","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124869457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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