Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch017
Murat Çoban
This chapter determines the social presence perceptions and motivation levels of higher education students participating in the online learning environment and reveals the possible causes that affect these variables. According to the findings obtained from the study in which the explanatory design was used among the mixed research methods, it was concluded that the social presence perceptions of the participants were lower compared to their motivation. Besides, it was found out that there is a positive relationship between social presence and motivation variables. According to the qualitative findings, the majority of the participants stated that they were not satisfied with distance education, encountered technical and hardware problems, and the online learning environment was not effective enough in the context of communication and interaction. The research results contribute to the literature in terms of the effectiveness of online learning environments.
{"title":"Investigation of Higher Education Student Perceptions of Social Presence and Motivations in Online Learning Environments","authors":"Murat Çoban","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch017","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter determines the social presence perceptions and motivation levels of higher education students participating in the online learning environment and reveals the possible causes that affect these variables. According to the findings obtained from the study in which the explanatory design was used among the mixed research methods, it was concluded that the social presence perceptions of the participants were lower compared to their motivation. Besides, it was found out that there is a positive relationship between social presence and motivation variables. According to the qualitative findings, the majority of the participants stated that they were not satisfied with distance education, encountered technical and hardware problems, and the online learning environment was not effective enough in the context of communication and interaction. The research results contribute to the literature in terms of the effectiveness of online learning environments.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116605309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch010
Gerald Ardito, Micah Shippee, Jesse Lubinsky
Multiple models exist for understanding and predicting the adoption of technological innovations including SAMR, TPACK, and ADDIE. The authors have found these models are generally static, thus discounting the inherently iterative nature of adopting technological innovations. To address this gap, the authors have proposed a new model called Fusion+SNA which combines the dynamic nature of activity theory and diffusion of innovation research with an in-depth understanding of social networks. The authors employ the Fusion+SNA model in a case study that reported on a real attempt at an adoption of technological innovation in a K-12 context with a cohort of fifth-grade students and their teachers.
{"title":"Fusion+SNA","authors":"Gerald Ardito, Micah Shippee, Jesse Lubinsky","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple models exist for understanding and predicting the adoption of technological innovations including SAMR, TPACK, and ADDIE. The authors have found these models are generally static, thus discounting the inherently iterative nature of adopting technological innovations. To address this gap, the authors have proposed a new model called Fusion+SNA which combines the dynamic nature of activity theory and diffusion of innovation research with an in-depth understanding of social networks. The authors employ the Fusion+SNA model in a case study that reported on a real attempt at an adoption of technological innovation in a K-12 context with a cohort of fifth-grade students and their teachers.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114215650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch016
N. R. Oliveira, Ana Patrícia Almeida
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in integrating mobile technologies into the formal system in the field of formal education and, in particular, higher education. Furthermore, due to the circumstances caused by the pandemic panorama that extended to most countries in the world in 2020, various sectors, in which education is included, were forced to reinvent and transform themselves in order to adapt to emergency remote education. What the authors propose with this chapter is to make an analysis of the state of the art on the theme of informal communication in the educational context, and particularly in higher education, with the use of the available technology, namely mobile media. Through a literature review already initiated in previous studies, it is intended to know the national and international panorama about the use of mobile applications in the context of higher education and in what way the devices traditionally conceived for informal communication are being used and adapted to a formal context.
{"title":"Informal Communication in a Formal Context","authors":"N. R. Oliveira, Ana Patrícia Almeida","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch016","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a growing interest in integrating mobile technologies into the formal system in the field of formal education and, in particular, higher education. Furthermore, due to the circumstances caused by the pandemic panorama that extended to most countries in the world in 2020, various sectors, in which education is included, were forced to reinvent and transform themselves in order to adapt to emergency remote education. What the authors propose with this chapter is to make an analysis of the state of the art on the theme of informal communication in the educational context, and particularly in higher education, with the use of the available technology, namely mobile media. Through a literature review already initiated in previous studies, it is intended to know the national and international panorama about the use of mobile applications in the context of higher education and in what way the devices traditionally conceived for informal communication are being used and adapted to a formal context.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128373139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch004
Tori Hollas, Mae Lane, Jaime Coyne, Christina Ellis
Using digital technologies to remotely observe and mentor teachers is a relatively new practice. Thus, many states, schools, and districts do not have policies in place that explicitly allow this practice, and, in some instances, policies are in place that explicitly prohibit the use of these technologies. This chapter provides an analysis of the traditional approach to mentorship, support, and feedback, and highlights new challenges with in-person mentorship, support, and feedback amid the COVID-19 pandemic. As with many aspects of current newly adapted world, the teaching profession has become increasingly reliant on using digital technologies to remotely observe and mentor teachers. The chapter provides a literature review of best practices in observation, mentorship, and feedback. It also shows that limited data are available to facilitate the use of digital technologies and provide novice and in-service teacher support in order to allow for a positive novice teacher induction experience.
{"title":"Using Digital Technologies to Remotely Observe and Mentor Teachers","authors":"Tori Hollas, Mae Lane, Jaime Coyne, Christina Ellis","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Using digital technologies to remotely observe and mentor teachers is a relatively new practice. Thus, many states, schools, and districts do not have policies in place that explicitly allow this practice, and, in some instances, policies are in place that explicitly prohibit the use of these technologies. This chapter provides an analysis of the traditional approach to mentorship, support, and feedback, and highlights new challenges with in-person mentorship, support, and feedback amid the COVID-19 pandemic. As with many aspects of current newly adapted world, the teaching profession has become increasingly reliant on using digital technologies to remotely observe and mentor teachers. The chapter provides a literature review of best practices in observation, mentorship, and feedback. It also shows that limited data are available to facilitate the use of digital technologies and provide novice and in-service teacher support in order to allow for a positive novice teacher induction experience.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"2017 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132875253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch012
Elizabeth Gound
Educator preparation programs and institutional polices should provide background knowledge and experience with digital literacies and emerging technologies in coursework and strategies. The emphasis on the integration of technology instruction is relevant in the literature today. This chapter will explore the intersections and disjunctures between digital literacy practices in an educator preparation program and personal digital literacy use from a recent study that examined the digital literacies of six teacher educators. The chapter will be organized into sections, examining technology tools, digital interactions, and online resources applied classrooms.
{"title":"Technology in Education, Win or Fail?","authors":"Elizabeth Gound","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch012","url":null,"abstract":"Educator preparation programs and institutional polices should provide background knowledge and experience with digital literacies and emerging technologies in coursework and strategies. The emphasis on the integration of technology instruction is relevant in the literature today. This chapter will explore the intersections and disjunctures between digital literacy practices in an educator preparation program and personal digital literacy use from a recent study that examined the digital literacies of six teacher educators. The chapter will be organized into sections, examining technology tools, digital interactions, and online resources applied classrooms.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122935734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch002
Bento Cavadas, M. S. Topçu
This work presents the institutional policies and context of a teacher training institution which led to innovation in preservice teacher (PST) education. A drone-based learning activity was implemented to PSTs about the sustainability of transport infrastructure as an example of that innovation context. PSTs implemented cycles of engineering design to identify the best package to transport objects using a drone. Data collection instruments were students' work, field notes from class observations, audio and video records of the classes, questionnaires, and interviews. The PSTs engineering design performance was analyzed using the engineer notebook rubric. Their engineering education conceptions were analyzed using the framework for quality K-12 engineering education. Results show that drone-based learning proved to be a relevant approach for PSTs experiencing engineering design and construct adequate conceptions about engineering education. Furthermore, the institutional policies contributed to the experimentation of innovative technologies for educational purposes.
{"title":"Innovation in Preservice Teacher Education","authors":"Bento Cavadas, M. S. Topçu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the institutional policies and context of a teacher training institution which led to innovation in preservice teacher (PST) education. A drone-based learning activity was implemented to PSTs about the sustainability of transport infrastructure as an example of that innovation context. PSTs implemented cycles of engineering design to identify the best package to transport objects using a drone. Data collection instruments were students' work, field notes from class observations, audio and video records of the classes, questionnaires, and interviews. The PSTs engineering design performance was analyzed using the engineer notebook rubric. Their engineering education conceptions were analyzed using the framework for quality K-12 engineering education. Results show that drone-based learning proved to be a relevant approach for PSTs experiencing engineering design and construct adequate conceptions about engineering education. Furthermore, the institutional policies contributed to the experimentation of innovative technologies for educational purposes.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121212722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch008
Christiane Heemann, I. Carvalho, Teresa Oliveira
As a privileged means of socialization, the school's mission is to promote equal opportunities and educate for the values of pluralism and gender equality. The introduction of a gender perspective in educational policies is a fundamental tool to fight gender inequalities. This chapter aims to present a theoretical-methodological proposal for the development of a massive open online course (MOOC) addressed to those interested in learning and studying about gender inequalities and women's empowerment. The MOOC will introduce inspiring examples of feminine resistance and resilience from Portugal and Brazil, showing women who have fought for the rights and policies for gender equality, against gender biases, and building women's citizenship in and through education. The integration of MOOCs as an educational tool raises questions and challenges both in the didactic-pedagogical forum and about institutional policies.
{"title":"MOOCs as a Pedagogical and Strategic Tool in the Implementation of Institutional Policies Related to Gender Inequality in Educational Institutions","authors":"Christiane Heemann, I. Carvalho, Teresa Oliveira","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"As a privileged means of socialization, the school's mission is to promote equal opportunities and educate for the values of pluralism and gender equality. The introduction of a gender perspective in educational policies is a fundamental tool to fight gender inequalities. This chapter aims to present a theoretical-methodological proposal for the development of a massive open online course (MOOC) addressed to those interested in learning and studying about gender inequalities and women's empowerment. The MOOC will introduce inspiring examples of feminine resistance and resilience from Portugal and Brazil, showing women who have fought for the rights and policies for gender equality, against gender biases, and building women's citizenship in and through education. The integration of MOOCs as an educational tool raises questions and challenges both in the didactic-pedagogical forum and about institutional policies.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134077212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch006
M. J. Loureiro, Cecília Guerra, I. Cabrita, Filipe T. Moreira
Programming is fundamental to the development of computational thinking, one of the essential skills for the 21st century. Tangible programming can be a powerful ally of this process from an early age, especially if it supports STEM tasks areas and inclusion. These are the pillars of the TangIn project, under which four qualitative case studies were developed with the aim of to evaluate the lesson plans designed within the scope of the project and the potential of its implementation for the development of the mentioned dimensions. The statistical and content analysis which the questionnaires applied to 43 teachers from Portugal, Spain, Bulgaria, and Latvia were submitted to conclude that students were always very committed and motivated during activities and developed specific and transversal skills related to STEM, including the ability to program and value colleagues, what contributed to its inclusion, regardless of sex and socio-economic conditions.
{"title":"Multiple Case Studies About Robotics in Compulsory Education","authors":"M. J. Loureiro, Cecília Guerra, I. Cabrita, Filipe T. Moreira","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"Programming is fundamental to the development of computational thinking, one of the essential skills for the 21st century. Tangible programming can be a powerful ally of this process from an early age, especially if it supports STEM tasks areas and inclusion. These are the pillars of the TangIn project, under which four qualitative case studies were developed with the aim of to evaluate the lesson plans designed within the scope of the project and the potential of its implementation for the development of the mentioned dimensions. The statistical and content analysis which the questionnaires applied to 43 teachers from Portugal, Spain, Bulgaria, and Latvia were submitted to conclude that students were always very committed and motivated during activities and developed specific and transversal skills related to STEM, including the ability to program and value colleagues, what contributed to its inclusion, regardless of sex and socio-economic conditions.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132393820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch005
M. Santos, Vânia Carlos, A. Moreira
Since the demands of civic life are constantly increasing, there is an emergent call for citizens to actively engage in local and wide societal issues. To build the portrayal of the study participants' participatory citizenship attitudes, several research instruments were implemented in the educational community. A closer look at the data analyzed presents a portrait of low involvement of students, as far as participatory citizens is concerned, in the educational community they belong to. Recently, we have witnessed the emergence of technological innovations, the internet of things (IoT) being one of them. Although IoT is not considered to be a new technology, teachers are just scratching the surface on how to use it to enhance innovative and disruptive learning scenarios. This chapter looks at the development of participatory citizenship co-constructed guidelines, based on students' and teachers' perceptions of citizenship strategies.
{"title":"Student and Teacher Perceptions of Citizenship Strategies Supported by the Internet of Things","authors":"M. Santos, Vânia Carlos, A. Moreira","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"Since the demands of civic life are constantly increasing, there is an emergent call for citizens to actively engage in local and wide societal issues. To build the portrayal of the study participants' participatory citizenship attitudes, several research instruments were implemented in the educational community. A closer look at the data analyzed presents a portrait of low involvement of students, as far as participatory citizens is concerned, in the educational community they belong to. Recently, we have witnessed the emergence of technological innovations, the internet of things (IoT) being one of them. Although IoT is not considered to be a new technology, teachers are just scratching the surface on how to use it to enhance innovative and disruptive learning scenarios. This chapter looks at the development of participatory citizenship co-constructed guidelines, based on students' and teachers' perceptions of citizenship strategies.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116538135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch007
Zeliha Seçki̇n, A. Elçi, Onur Doğan
The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digital transformation era and the evolution from mentoring to e-mentoring. One of the groups most affected by this situation is the mentees doing graduate studies. In this context, e-mentoring enables the mentee and mentor to carry out their academic study using digital technologies in mutual interaction, regardless of time and geographical space. This study is designed as a case study of the qualitative research methods where the study group consists of graduate students. Five main themes and 14 sub-themes are determined from the interviews with mentees on e-mentoring perceptions. According to the research findings, mentees prefer a two-stage approach in mentee-mentor matching. Mentees emphasize that they favor matching with emerging technologies at the first stage and finalizing the mentor selection process by mentee-mentor face-to-face negotiation in the second stage. Mentees also mention that besides some e-mentoring advantages, there are psycho-social benefits of face-to-face mentoring.
{"title":"Digital Mentoring via Emerging Technologies","authors":"Zeliha Seçki̇n, A. Elçi, Onur Doğan","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8193-3.ch007","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the digital transformation era and the evolution from mentoring to e-mentoring. One of the groups most affected by this situation is the mentees doing graduate studies. In this context, e-mentoring enables the mentee and mentor to carry out their academic study using digital technologies in mutual interaction, regardless of time and geographical space. This study is designed as a case study of the qualitative research methods where the study group consists of graduate students. Five main themes and 14 sub-themes are determined from the interviews with mentees on e-mentoring perceptions. According to the research findings, mentees prefer a two-stage approach in mentee-mentor matching. Mentees emphasize that they favor matching with emerging technologies at the first stage and finalizing the mentor selection process by mentee-mentor face-to-face negotiation in the second stage. Mentees also mention that besides some e-mentoring advantages, there are psycho-social benefits of face-to-face mentoring.","PeriodicalId":250157,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Research on Global Education and the Impact of Institutional Policies on Educational Technologies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124712679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：