Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/1835c
Pia Ghoshal, Aniruddha Banerji
The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) pandemic, the causative agent of which is the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, has led to the biggest health crisis in the recent history of the world. The pandemic is not only continually challenging the healthcare system but is also leading to drastic changes in the demographic structure of the population and is causing a considerable loss of human capital. The objective of this article is to take an early look at the demographic aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the immense future impacts it can have on demography and human capital formation in the years to come. Pandemics like COVID-19 pose a significant threat to both development and maintenance of human capital and can lead to drastic changes in the population structures and disrupt the demographic transition of populations in different countries worldwide. The observed demographic change along with changes in population age structure (where certain cohorts are more severely affected) brought about by the pandemic have also potentially increased the dependent population whose overall development is hampered due to restrictions imposed on their freedom and lifestyle which can lead to a significant and stringent loss of their capability to productively contribute to a country’s future. The recent mutations reported in 2021 are also leading to the untimely demise of people of the skilled working age groups. The resultant disruption of the process of human capital formation can have severe multi-dimensional and intergenerational implications. As the effects of COVID-19 on demographics and human capital formation can be long lasting, along with development of healthcare facilities, judicious planning in these fields is also of considerable importance.
{"title":"Studies on Some Issues Specific to Demography during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Pia Ghoshal, Aniruddha Banerji","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/1835c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/1835c","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) pandemic, the causative agent of which is the RNA virus SARS-CoV-2, has led to the biggest health crisis in the recent history of the world. The pandemic is not only continually challenging the healthcare system but is also leading to drastic changes in the demographic structure of the population and is causing a considerable loss of human capital. The objective of this article is to take an early look at the demographic aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic and the immense future impacts it can have on demography and human capital formation in the years to come. Pandemics like COVID-19 pose a significant threat to both development and maintenance of human capital and can lead to drastic changes in the population structures and disrupt the demographic transition of populations in different countries worldwide. The observed demographic change along with changes in population age structure (where certain cohorts are more severely affected) brought about by the pandemic have also potentially increased the dependent population whose overall development is hampered due to restrictions imposed on their freedom and lifestyle which can lead to a significant and stringent loss of their capability to productively contribute to a country’s future. The recent mutations reported in 2021 are also leading to the untimely demise of people of the skilled working age groups. The resultant disruption of the process of human capital formation can have severe multi-dimensional and intergenerational implications. As the effects of COVID-19 on demographics and human capital formation can be long lasting, along with development of healthcare facilities, judicious planning in these fields is also of considerable importance.","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124607524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/12364d
I. Chernicova, S. Savina, B. Zaydiner
Cancer turns from a terminal illness to more of a chronic illness. This perspective has broadened the scope of care from treating the disease alone to managing cancer-related symptoms including mental disorders. Among the nosological forms of comorbid mental pathology in cancer patients, affective disorders (depression and anxiety) predominate. While there is no evidence to support a causal role for depression in cancer, it may impact the course of the disease and a person's ability to participate in treatment. Depressive syndromes are highly correlated with a reduced quality of life, increased difficulty managing the course of disease, and earlier admission to inpatient or hospice care. The most common form of depressive symptomatology in people with cancer is an adjustment disorder with depressed mood, sometimes referred to as reactive depression which may be under-recognized and undertreated. More severe symptoms of depression are of clinical concern because of their association with marked distress, more prolonged hospital stays, physical disorders, poorer treatment compliance and adherence to therapy, disability, increased desire for hastened death and completed suicide. Suicidal statements may range from an off-hand comment resulting from frustration or disgust with a treatment course to a reflection of significant despair and an emergent situation. The diagnosis of depression is difficult due to the problems inherent in distinguishing biological or physical symptoms from symptoms of illness or toxic side effects of treatment. A critical part of cancer care is the recognition of the levels of depression present and determination of the appropriate level of intervention, ranging from brief counseling or support groups to medication and/or psychotherapy. At least one half of all people diagnosed with cancer will successfully adapt. Pharmacotherapy for depression in patients with advanced cancer should be guided by a focus on symptom reduction, irrespective of whether the patient meets the diagnostic criteria for major depression. The optimal antidepressant for specific patients can be determined by each patient’s depressive symptom profile and potential dual benefit for depression and cancer-related symptoms such as anorexia, insomnia, fatigue, neuropathic pain and hot flashes. Because of both their adverse effect profiles and risk for lethality in overdose, tricyclic/heterocyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A are rarely used in patients with cancer. Timely and precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment of depression is required in an effort not only to increase quality of life but also to reduce adverse effects on cancer course, length of hospital stay, treatment adherence and efficacy and possibly prognosis and survival.
{"title":"A Review on Depressive Disorders in Cancer Patients","authors":"I. Chernicova, S. Savina, B. Zaydiner","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/12364d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/12364d","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer turns from a terminal illness to more of a chronic illness. This perspective has broadened the scope of care from treating the disease alone to managing cancer-related symptoms including mental disorders. Among the nosological forms of comorbid mental pathology in cancer patients, affective disorders (depression and anxiety) predominate. While there is no evidence to support a causal role for depression in cancer, it may impact the course of the disease and a person's ability to participate in treatment. Depressive syndromes are highly correlated with a reduced quality of life, increased difficulty managing the course of disease, and earlier admission to inpatient or hospice care. \u0000The most common form of depressive symptomatology in people with cancer is an adjustment disorder with depressed mood, sometimes referred to as reactive depression which may be under-recognized and undertreated. More severe symptoms of depression are of clinical concern because of their association with marked distress, more prolonged hospital stays, physical disorders, poorer treatment compliance and adherence to therapy, disability, increased desire for hastened death and completed suicide. Suicidal statements may range from an off-hand comment resulting from frustration or disgust with a treatment course to a reflection of significant despair and an emergent situation. \u0000The diagnosis of depression is difficult due to the problems inherent in distinguishing biological or physical symptoms from symptoms of illness or toxic side effects of treatment. A critical part of cancer care is the recognition of the levels of depression present and determination of the appropriate level of intervention, ranging from brief counseling or support groups to medication and/or psychotherapy. At least one half of all people diagnosed with cancer will successfully adapt. Pharmacotherapy for depression in patients with advanced cancer should be guided by a focus on symptom reduction, irrespective of whether the patient meets the diagnostic criteria for major depression. The optimal antidepressant for specific patients can be determined by each patient’s depressive symptom profile and potential dual benefit for depression and cancer-related symptoms such as anorexia, insomnia, fatigue, neuropathic pain and hot flashes. Because of both their adverse effect profiles and risk for lethality in overdose, tricyclic/heterocyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors and reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A are rarely used in patients with cancer. Timely and precise diagnosis and appropriate treatment of depression is required in an effort not only to increase quality of life but also to reduce adverse effects on cancer course, length of hospital stay, treatment adherence and efficacy and possibly prognosis and survival.","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"126 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129646134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/4161f
V. Nikam, M. Shettennavar, S. Babanagar
To date, little is known on the prevalence, incidence, and characteristics, in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic multisystem disorder. It is an autosomal disorder affecting multiple organs. It is characterised by the growth of multiple hamartomas in several organs such as brain, kidney, skin, uterus and liver. It is caused by mutation of either TSC1 or TSC2 gene encoding hamartin and tuberin respectively. The diagnosis of TSC is established using diagnostic criteria based on clinical and imaging findings. Routine screening and surveillance of patients with TSC is needed to determine the presence and extent of organ involvement, especially the brain, kidneys, and lungs, and identify the development of associated complications. As the treatment is organ specific, imaging plays a crucial role in the management of patients with TSC. We report a case of 50 years old female with tuberous sclerosis complex who presented with facial angiofibromas, angiomyolipomas of bilateral kidney, subependymal nodules and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. The aim of the study is to present clinical and radiological features in a patient who exhibited multiple hamartomas of various organ system.
{"title":"Demographic, Clinical, and Radiographic Characteristics of Neurocutaneous Syndrome-Tuberous Sclerosis Complex","authors":"V. Nikam, M. Shettennavar, S. Babanagar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/4161f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/4161f","url":null,"abstract":"To date, little is known on the prevalence, incidence, and characteristics, in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. \u0000Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic multisystem disorder. It is an autosomal disorder affecting multiple organs. It is characterised by the growth of multiple hamartomas in several organs such as brain, kidney, skin, uterus and liver. It is caused by mutation of either TSC1 or TSC2 gene encoding hamartin and tuberin respectively. The diagnosis of TSC is established using diagnostic criteria based on clinical and imaging findings. Routine screening and surveillance of patients with TSC is needed to determine the presence and extent of organ involvement, especially the brain, kidneys, and lungs, and identify the development of associated complications. As the treatment is organ specific, imaging plays a crucial role in the management of patients with TSC. \u0000We report a case of 50 years old female with tuberous sclerosis complex who presented with facial angiofibromas, angiomyolipomas of bilateral kidney, subependymal nodules and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma. The aim of the study is to present clinical and radiological features in a patient who exhibited multiple hamartomas of various organ system.","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130924889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/4168f
Kristianna M. Altamirano, Brent M. Peterson, D. Walker, Kelsey L. Miller, Jacob K. Gardner
Active lifestyles meeting or exceeding 150 minutes/week of PA are associated with risk reductions in multiple chronic health conditions. However, sedentary work-related environmental conditions are linked with a decline of physical activity (PA) in the United States and abroad. University staff may uniquely experience work-related challenges that could inhibit achievement of recommended daily levels of PA, yet few studies on this exist. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate self-report PA among employees at a private university and assess alignment with global and national goals for PA to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases. METHODS: Eligible survey respondents (N = 253) were women (n = 173, 39.3 ± 13.4 years of age, 164.4 ± 8.1 cm in height, 69.7 ± 16.4 kg in weight, and 25.9 ± 6.6 kg/m2 body mass index [BMI] ) and men (n = 82, 41.5 ± 12.9 years of age, 178.33 ± 8.1 cm in height, 85.8 ± 14.4 kg in weight, and 27.03 ± 4.6 kg/m2 BMI of) employed as staff at Biola University. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), using the Survey Monkey® platform. Occupations were categorized by type (administration, staff, and facilities). Activity specific (leisure, household, occupational, and transport) weekly minutes and metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes per week were calculated and then summed to get grand total minutes of weekly PA and grand total MET minutes of PA per week. Total walking PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA minutes per week and MET minutes per week were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: Men were significantly (P < .05) more physically active per week in total PA MET minutes per week, workplace PA in MET minutes per week, and minutes per week than women. A stepwise decrease between PA and increases in educational attainment was observed, yet was statistically insignificant. Facilities personnel were significantly (P < .05) more active than both administration and staff. Staff and administration had similar activity levels. The percentage of employees completing a total of at least 150 minutes of PA per week was 82.4% of the sample. CONCLUSION: A large majority of university employees exceeded the ACSM minimum weekly recommendations for PA. However, activity levels varied significantly between sex and job type.
{"title":"Physical Activity Alignment with National and Global Guidelines of Staff at a Private University in Southern California","authors":"Kristianna M. Altamirano, Brent M. Peterson, D. Walker, Kelsey L. Miller, Jacob K. Gardner","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/4168f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/4168f","url":null,"abstract":"Active lifestyles meeting or exceeding 150 minutes/week of PA are associated with risk reductions in multiple chronic health conditions. However, sedentary work-related environmental conditions are linked with a decline of physical activity (PA) in the United States and abroad. University staff may uniquely experience work-related challenges that could inhibit achievement of recommended daily levels of PA, yet few studies on this exist. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate self-report PA among employees at a private university and assess alignment with global and national goals for PA to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases. METHODS: Eligible survey respondents (N = 253) were women (n = 173, 39.3 ± 13.4 years of age, 164.4 ± 8.1 cm in height, 69.7 ± 16.4 kg in weight, and 25.9 ± 6.6 kg/m2 body mass index [BMI] ) and men (n = 82, 41.5 ± 12.9 years of age, 178.33 ± 8.1 cm in height, 85.8 ± 14.4 kg in weight, and 27.03 ± 4.6 kg/m2 BMI of) employed as staff at Biola University. Participants completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), using the Survey Monkey® platform. Occupations were categorized by type (administration, staff, and facilities). Activity specific (leisure, household, occupational, and transport) weekly minutes and metabolic equivalent (MET) minutes per week were calculated and then summed to get grand total minutes of weekly PA and grand total MET minutes of PA per week. Total walking PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA minutes per week and MET minutes per week were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: Men were significantly (P < .05) more physically active per week in total PA MET minutes per week, workplace PA in MET minutes per week, and minutes per week than women. A stepwise decrease between PA and increases in educational attainment was observed, yet was statistically insignificant. Facilities personnel were significantly (P < .05) more active than both administration and staff. Staff and administration had similar activity levels. The percentage of employees completing a total of at least 150 minutes of PA per week was 82.4% of the sample. CONCLUSION: A large majority of university employees exceeded the ACSM minimum weekly recommendations for PA. However, activity levels varied significantly between sex and job type.","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120967150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3941f
K. Bletzer
This chapter reviews initiatives in HIV/AIDS surveillance, as performed by health departments within the United States in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The first objective is a historic analysis that emphasizes the expansion of HIV Surveillance Reports, which have served as the main source of information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the impact of HIV/AIDS over the past four decades in the United States and its eight independent areas. A second objective is a procedural examination of the role of state health departments through active surveillance that contributes to the accuracy and functionality of HIV/AIDS data in HIV Surveillance Reports. The chapter is an expanded, revised version of Bletzer [1].
{"title":"Health Initiatives Vitalize","authors":"K. Bletzer","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3941f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3941f","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews initiatives in HIV/AIDS surveillance, as performed by health departments within the United States in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The first objective is a historic analysis that emphasizes the expansion of HIV Surveillance Reports, which have served as the main source of information from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the impact of HIV/AIDS over the past four decades in the United States and its eight independent areas. A second objective is a procedural examination of the role of state health departments through active surveillance that contributes to the accuracy and functionality of HIV/AIDS data in HIV Surveillance Reports. The chapter is an expanded, revised version of Bletzer [1].","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131043427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/1845c
N. Gogoi, Dr. Lalbiakzuali
Infants experience pain similarly and probably more intensely than older children and adults. Pain management in young babies has been largely neglected in more clinical settings, despite subjecting them to painful procedures. Also, invasive procedures has done a lot during neonates and infancy period and it is to believed that the non-pharmacological methods as administration of oral glucose before and during procedures may relieve the infants pain and provide a safe way to analgesia. This review article will help us in assuring the effectiveness of oral glucose on pain response in infants during invasive procedures.
{"title":"Effect of Oral Glucose on Pain Response in Infants during Invasive Procedures: A Review Article","authors":"N. Gogoi, Dr. Lalbiakzuali","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/1845c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/1845c","url":null,"abstract":"Infants experience pain similarly and probably more intensely than older children and adults. Pain management in young babies has been largely neglected in more clinical settings, despite subjecting them to painful procedures. Also, invasive procedures has done a lot during neonates and infancy period and it is to believed that the non-pharmacological methods as administration of oral glucose before and during procedures may relieve the infants pain and provide a safe way to analgesia. This review article will help us in assuring the effectiveness of oral glucose on pain response in infants during invasive procedures.","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"136 3‐4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132339921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3379f
Faith Muhonja
Enduring the test of time, the perilous working condition; and the failure of the ministry of public health and sanitation to acknowledge their existence, street food vendors continue to feed more than a half of the urban populace. Controversial as it may look, whether the street food vendors are illegally into the market system or not, the reality is that the unsuspecting public continues to put itself at risk by consuming food which is not monitored. The street food vendors are the jury and the judges of what is to be sold out or not to be sold to their gullible clients, whose proportion keep on swelling if current trajectory remain the same. It is from this background that the study sought to evaluate sanitary and food handling practices of the street food vendors in Nakuru town. The aim of this paper intents to evaluate sanitary food handling practices among street food vendors in Nakuru County, Kenya. This will bring to light to the unsuspecting general public, especially those who consume street foods on the level of exposure to food borne diseases by virtue of consuming it. The study population was all street food vendors. The target population was all street food vendors who cook and sell cooked foods on the street, while the accessible population was all street food vendors who meet the inclusion criteria within Nakuru central business district. A cross-sectional study design was used. A sample size of 384 was arrived at by use of Fischer’s et al., [1] formula. The study employed cluster sampling design as explained by Mugenda et al., [2] and Kothari [3]. The central business district was then clustered into four quadrants and proportionate sampling was done. A sampling frame of street food vendors was developed from each cluster and randomly sampled to identify the required number of respondents, as elaborated by Ahuja et al., [4]. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected. Pre-tested and standardized structured questionnaires and observation checklist were used. Data was analyzed using Microsoft-excel and SPSS version 17 and presented descriptively. The findings showed that 318(83%) had a cleaned their workplace, 207(54%) of the vendors handled money and food indiscriminate, 169(44%) had dust bins and 280(73%) of respondents did not have their hair covered. The study recommends the concerned stakeholders to conduct periodic health education and promotion training on sanitary food handling practices among street food vendors.
忍受时间的考验，危险的工作条件;由于公共卫生和卫生部门没有承认他们的存在，街头食品摊贩继续为一半以上的城市人口提供食物。无论街头小吃摊是否非法进入市场体系，这看起来可能会引起争议，但现实情况是，毫无戒心的公众继续因食用不受监管的食品而将自己置于危险之中。街头小吃摊贩是陪审团和法官，决定什么该卖出去，什么不该卖给他们易受骗的客户，如果目前的轨迹保持不变，他们的比例会不断上升。正是在这种背景下，这项研究试图评估纳库鲁镇街头食品摊贩的卫生和食品处理做法。本文的目的是评估卫生食品处理做法之间的街头食品摊贩在纳库鲁县，肯尼亚。这将使毫无戒心的公众，特别是那些消费街头食品的人，了解到由于食用这些食品而暴露于食源性疾病的程度。研究对象都是街头食品摊贩。目标人群是在街上烹饪和出售熟食的所有街头食品摊贩，而无障碍人群是纳库鲁中央商务区内符合纳入标准的所有街头食品摊贩。采用横断面研究设计。根据Fischer等人[1]的公式得出样本量为384人。本研究采用了Mugenda等人[2]和Kothari[3]解释的整群抽样设计。然后将中心商务区聚类成四个象限，按比例抽样。根据Ahuja等人[4]的阐述，从每个分组中制定街头食品摊贩抽样框架，并随机抽样以确定所需的受访者数量。收集了定性和定量数据。采用预测标准化结构化问卷和观察表。使用Microsoft-excel和SPSS version 17对数据进行分析，并进行描述性描述。调查结果显示，318家(83%)的商贩清理过他们的工作场所，207家(54%)的商贩不分青红皂白地处理钱和食物，169家(44%)的商贩有垃圾桶，280家(73%)的商贩没有把头发遮起来。研究建议有关的持份者定期向街头小吃摊提供卫生食物处理方法的健康教育和推广培训。
{"title":"Evaluation of Sanitary Food Handling Practices among Street Food Vendors: A Case Study of Nakuru County, Kenya","authors":"Faith Muhonja","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3379f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3379f","url":null,"abstract":"Enduring the test of time, the perilous working condition; and the failure of the ministry of public health and sanitation to acknowledge their existence, street food vendors continue to feed more than a half of the urban populace. Controversial as it may look, whether the street food vendors are illegally into the market system or not, the reality is that the unsuspecting public continues to put itself at risk by consuming food which is not monitored. The street food vendors are the jury and the judges of what is to be sold out or not to be sold to their gullible clients, whose proportion keep on swelling if current trajectory remain the same. It is from this background that the study sought to evaluate sanitary and food handling practices of the street food vendors in Nakuru town. The aim of this paper intents to evaluate sanitary food handling practices among street food vendors in Nakuru County, Kenya. This will bring to light to the unsuspecting general public, especially those who consume street foods on the level of exposure to food borne diseases by virtue of consuming it. The study population was all street food vendors. The target population was all street food vendors who cook and sell cooked foods on the street, while the accessible population was all street food vendors who meet the inclusion criteria within Nakuru central business district. A cross-sectional study design was used. A sample size of 384 was arrived at by use of Fischer’s et al., [1] formula. The study employed cluster sampling design as explained by Mugenda et al., [2] and Kothari [3]. The central business district was then clustered into four quadrants and proportionate sampling was done. A sampling frame of street food vendors was developed from each cluster and randomly sampled to identify the required number of respondents, as elaborated by Ahuja et al., [4]. Both qualitative and quantitative data was collected. Pre-tested and standardized structured questionnaires and observation checklist were used. Data was analyzed using Microsoft-excel and SPSS version 17 and presented descriptively. The findings showed that 318(83%) had a cleaned their workplace, 207(54%) of the vendors handled money and food indiscriminate, 169(44%) had dust bins and 280(73%) of respondents did not have their hair covered. The study recommends the concerned stakeholders to conduct periodic health education and promotion training on sanitary food handling practices among street food vendors.","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125520816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3421f
Patrícia Soares, Piedade Sande Lemos, A. M. Pires, A. C. Sousa
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterised by chronic food sensitivity to gluten, as well as diarrhoea and weight loss as typical symptoms. The epidemiology and phenotype of CD are constantly changing, whereas the symptoms exhibited by children with CD are variable and influenced by age. The present study aimed to examine anthropometric marker progressions in 61 Portuguese children with celiac disease at the time of diagnosis and at the time of the study, correlating these differences with gluten-free product intake. Data from 61 celiac disease patients (59.0 percent females) who had been on a gluten-free diet for5.0 ± 4.6 years were analysed. A statistical t-test examination of pBMI at diagnosis and over the study period demonstrated a statistically significant positive increase for both girls and boys (p = 0.008). The discrepancies between ingested and suggested values were measured, revealing that overall energy consumption and carbohydrate consumption had increased. Most children's nutritional status can be restored by following a gluten-free diet; nevertheless, nutritional counselling appears to be necessary to avoid nutrient imbalances and future health problems.
{"title":"Anthropometric Marker Contribution Assessment for Celiac Disease and Gluten-Free Diet in Portuguese Children","authors":"Patrícia Soares, Piedade Sande Lemos, A. M. Pires, A. C. Sousa","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3421f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3421f","url":null,"abstract":"Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease characterised by chronic food sensitivity to gluten, as well as diarrhoea and weight loss as typical symptoms. The epidemiology and phenotype of CD are constantly changing, whereas the symptoms exhibited by children with CD are variable and influenced by age. The present study aimed to examine anthropometric marker progressions in 61 Portuguese children with celiac disease at the time of diagnosis and at the time of the study, correlating these differences with gluten-free product intake. Data from 61 celiac disease patients (59.0 percent females) who had been on a gluten-free diet for5.0 ± 4.6 years were analysed. A statistical t-test examination of pBMI at diagnosis and over the study period demonstrated a statistically significant positive increase for both girls and boys (p = 0.008). The discrepancies between ingested and suggested values were measured, revealing that overall energy consumption and carbohydrate consumption had increased. Most children's nutritional status can be restored by following a gluten-free diet; nevertheless, nutritional counselling appears to be necessary to avoid nutrient imbalances and future health problems.","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127377495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/12259d
V. Serhiyenko, A. Serhiyenko
Benfotiamine (BFT) supplementation may provide benefits in the prevention of other diabetes-related vascular and neuronal comorbidities. The mechanism of BFT influence on diabetic angio, neuropathies pathogenesis is not well-known. This mini-review was aimed to analyze the latest evidence about the effects of benfotiamine (a lipid-soluble thiamine derivative with higher bioavailability than thiamine) on some metabolic and functional parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic angio-, neuropathies. Further investigations aimed to understand the mechanism of action and for confirmation of the beneficial effect of BFT on biochemical parameters, dynamics of independent cardiovascular tests, daily monitoring of electrocardiography, arterial wall stiffness parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic angio-, neuropathies and its associated comorbidities may be needed to validate these clinical findings.
{"title":"A Brief Study on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Benfotiamine","authors":"V. Serhiyenko, A. Serhiyenko","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/12259d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/12259d","url":null,"abstract":"Benfotiamine (BFT) supplementation may provide benefits in the prevention of other diabetes-related vascular and neuronal comorbidities. The mechanism of BFT influence on diabetic angio, neuropathies pathogenesis is not well-known. This mini-review was aimed to analyze the latest evidence about the effects of benfotiamine (a lipid-soluble thiamine derivative with higher bioavailability than thiamine) on some metabolic and functional parameters in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with diabetic angio-, neuropathies. Further investigations aimed to understand the mechanism of action and for confirmation of the beneficial effect of BFT on biochemical parameters, dynamics of independent cardiovascular tests, daily monitoring of electrocardiography, arterial wall stiffness parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic angio-, neuropathies and its associated comorbidities may be needed to validate these clinical findings.","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130425375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-18DOI: 10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3855f
Jyoti, N. Goel, S. Prashar
Background: Road safety is a shared responsibility. Prompt first aid provision at the place of accidents can reverse unpleasant consequences of victim's health and life. Reducing risk in the world’s road traffic systems requires commitment and informed decision-making by all stakeholders- government, industry, non-governmental organizations and international agencies and the participation of people from all walks of life [1]. Methods: A cross- sectional, community- based, exploratory study was conducted for four months (Jan 2019 to Apr 2019) to assess the knowledge and practices of first aid among drivers and conductors of buses running through Tricity, Chandigarh. In this study, a total of 300 drivers and 300 conductors of buses of CTU, Haryana Roadways, Himachal Roadways and Punjab Roadways were interviewed in order to have a generalized idea about the level of awareness and practices of first aid in real-life circumstances by the government employees of buses. Results: Five hundred and seventy-five (95.8%) employees were aware of the prominent position of first aid box in buses and 197 (32.8%) employees felt safety of passenger as their foremost duty when bus meets an accident. Conclusion: The awareness and practices of first aid among drivers/conductors in saving the lives of passengers is seen comparatively more than the other studies conducted previously. But they still require more awareness and better practices to be followed.
{"title":"Investigation of the Knowledge and Practices of Drivers/Conductors Working in Government Buses Running Through Tricity, Chandigarh Regarding the Use of First Aid Kit","authors":"Jyoti, N. Goel, S. Prashar","doi":"10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3855f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/idhr/v3/3855f","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Road safety is a shared responsibility. Prompt first aid provision at the place of accidents can reverse unpleasant consequences of victim's health and life. Reducing risk in the world’s road traffic systems requires commitment and informed decision-making by all stakeholders- government, industry, non-governmental organizations and international agencies and the participation of people from all walks of life [1]. \u0000Methods: A cross- sectional, community- based, exploratory study was conducted for four months (Jan 2019 to Apr 2019) to assess the knowledge and practices of first aid among drivers and conductors of buses running through Tricity, Chandigarh. In this study, a total of 300 drivers and 300 conductors of buses of CTU, Haryana Roadways, Himachal Roadways and Punjab Roadways were interviewed in order to have a generalized idea about the level of awareness and practices of first aid in real-life circumstances by the government employees of buses. \u0000Results: Five hundred and seventy-five (95.8%) employees were aware of the prominent position of first aid box in buses and 197 (32.8%) employees felt safety of passenger as their foremost duty when bus meets an accident. \u0000Conclusion: The awareness and practices of first aid among drivers/conductors in saving the lives of passengers is seen comparatively more than the other studies conducted previously. But they still require more awareness and better practices to be followed.","PeriodicalId":250257,"journal":{"name":"Issues and Development in Health Research Vol. 3","volume":"231 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134451225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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