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Multi Level interdependencies Management for resilience in Critical Infrastructures 关键基础设施弹性的多层次相互依赖管理
Ouafae Kasmi, Amine Baïna, M. Bellafkih
Modeling resilience of interdependent critical infrastructure is recently an important task in literature researches. The guard of these critical infrastructures (CI) is fundamental for the efficient functioning of society in particular and nations in general. The CI is composed of several entities that have highly interconnected and collaborated with other organizations to accomplish services according to mutual interdependencies and interconnections. These interdependencies reinforce the systems to be more resilient in case of vulnerabilities and failures. In this sense, sophisticated management is required to improve the protection of these infrastructures and ensure their safety, and continuous operation in cases of failures and disruptions of services. In this paper, we propose a new approach of resilience to manage disruptions and failures in critical infrastructure using multi-level interdependencies. The aim of this paper is threefold: first, we propose a road map for modeling multilevel interdependencies. Second, we introduce a new paradigm of nodes classification using a convolutional neural network. Third, we propose agents to each CI to have a global view of the resilience policy of the others using multi-levels interdependencies. Simulations results show that by adopting our proposed approach using multi-level interdependencies, improved management for resilience is gained in these CIs.
建立相互依赖的关键基础设施弹性模型是近年来文献研究的一个重要课题。对这些关键基础设施(CI)的保护是社会特别是国家有效运作的基础。CI由多个实体组成,这些实体与其他组织高度互联和协作,根据相互依赖和相互联系来完成服务。这些相互依赖关系增强了系统在出现漏洞和故障时的弹性。从这个意义上说,需要复杂的管理来改善对这些基础设施的保护,确保它们的安全,并在服务出现故障和中断的情况下继续运行。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的弹性方法,利用多层次的相互依赖性来管理关键基础设施中的中断和故障。本文的目的有三个:首先,我们提出了一个多级相互依赖建模的路线图。其次,我们引入了一种新的使用卷积神经网络的节点分类范式。第三,我们向每个CI提出代理,以使用多层相互依赖关系对其他CI的弹性策略有一个全局视图。模拟结果表明,通过采用我们提出的方法,利用多层次的相互依赖性,在这些ci中获得了改进的弹性管理。
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引用次数: 1
Towards Mining Semantically Enriched Configurable Process Models 面向挖掘语义丰富的可配置过程模型
Aicha Khannat, Hanae Sbaï, L. Kjiri
Providing configurable process model with high quality is a primary objective to derive process variants with better accuracy and facilitate process model reuse. For this purpose, many research works have been interested in configurable process mining techniques to discover and configure processes from event logs. Moreover, to use the knowledge captured by event logs when mining processes, the concept of semantic process mining is introduced. It allows for combining semantic technologies with process mining. Despite the diversity of works in mining and customizing configurable process models, the application of these techniques is still limited to use semantics in minimizing the complexity of discovered processes. However, it seems to be pertinent to discover semantically enriched configurable process models directly from event logs. Consequently, this can facilitate using semantic in configuring, verifying conformance or enhancing discovered configurable processes. In this paper, we present a comparative study of existing works that focus on mining configurable process models with respect to semantic technologies. Our aim is to propose a new framework to automatically discover semantically enriched configurable processes.
提供高质量的可配置过程模型是获得精度更高的过程变量和促进过程模型重用的主要目标。为此,许多研究工作对从事件日志中发现和配置过程的可配置过程挖掘技术感兴趣。此外,为了在挖掘过程时使用事件日志捕获的知识,引入了语义过程挖掘的概念。它允许将语义技术与过程挖掘相结合。尽管挖掘和定制可配置过程模型的工作多种多样,但这些技术的应用仍然局限于使用语义来最小化所发现过程的复杂性。然而,直接从事件日志中发现语义丰富的可配置流程模型似乎是相关的。因此,这有助于在配置、验证一致性或增强发现的可配置过程中使用语义。在本文中,我们对现有的工作进行了比较研究,这些工作侧重于挖掘基于语义技术的可配置过程模型。我们的目标是提出一个新的框架来自动发现语义丰富的可配置过程。
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引用次数: 1
An Efficient Lightweight Algorithm for Automatic Meters Identification and Error Management in Arabic Poetry 一种高效轻量级的阿拉伯诗歌仪表自动识别与误差管理算法
Karim Baïna, Hamza Moutassaref
This paper targets the problem of automatic meter identification and error management in Arabic poetry. Many approaches use high level abstractions of poems in their prosodic forms: feet patterns, cords and pegs forms, or syllables. Our algorithm manipulates directely binary representations of meters and prosodic forms of verses, with computing distances between those representations. Our algorithm does not need to handle explicitely neither the foot patterns relaxations nor defects which makes our algorithm compared to studied works simpler (i.e. no symbolic combinatory analysis rules for exception patterns), and efficient in time and memory with dynamic programming of Levenshtein distance.
本文针对阿拉伯文诗歌中的韵律自动识别与错误管理问题进行了研究。许多方法使用诗歌韵律形式的高水平抽象:脚型,绳式和栓式,或音节。我们的算法直接处理诗歌的格律和韵律形式的二进制表示,并计算这些表示之间的距离。我们的算法不需要显式处理脚模式松弛和缺陷,这使得我们的算法与已有的作品相比更简单(即不需要对异常模式进行符号组合分析规则),并且具有Levenshtein距离动态规划的时间和内存效率。
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引用次数: 1
A Qualitative-Driven Study of Irreversible Data Anonymizing Techniques in Databases 数据库中不可逆数据匿名化技术的定性研究
Siham Arfaoui, A. Belmekki, Abdellatif Mezrioui
Nowadays, privacy remains one of the most important challenges for the enterprises that handle personal data. Many mechanisms are widely used to tackle this challenge and make the use of Internet more secure and respectful of the privacy. For this aim, anonymizing data in database, by reversible or irreversible techniques, is one of such used mechanisms. Varieties of implementation of these techniques are provided and available, however, the choice of the suitable category and technique for a specific context is not an easy task. In this paper we focus on irreversible anonymizing category in database and we propose an approach that can help to make this choice easier based on classification according to criteria. Some of these last are well known on research fields and we define others related to the application context and data nature. As a result, the security officer could identify the most suitable technique to preserve privacy.
如今,隐私仍然是处理个人数据的企业面临的最重要挑战之一。许多机制被广泛用于解决这一挑战,使互联网的使用更加安全和尊重隐私。为此,通过可逆或不可逆技术对数据库中的数据进行匿名化是一种常用的机制。这些技术的多种实现已经提供并且可用,但是,为特定的上下文中选择合适的类别和技术并不是一件容易的事。本文针对数据库中的不可逆匿名分类问题,提出了一种基于标准分类的不可逆匿名分类方法。其中一些在研究领域是众所周知的,我们定义了其他与应用程序上下文和数据性质相关的内容。因此,安全官员可以确定最合适的技术来保护隐私。
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引用次数: 1
Evaluation of Classical Descriptors coupled to Support Vector Machine Classifier for Phosphate ore Screening monitoring 经典描述符与支持向量机分类器耦合的磷矿筛分监测评价
Laila El hiouile, A. Errami, N. Azami, R. Majdoul, L. Deshayes
Phosphorus is an important and finite resource that is utilized mainly to produce phosphate fertilizers that assist in crop production. From phosphate ore to phosphate a process of beneficiation is required to remove the unnecessary minerals contains in the phosphate ore and to increase the grade concentration of mining product. The screening unit is a very important and critical step in this process. However, during this stage, many dysfunctions and anomalies can occur which impact the yield and quality of the product. Hence, it is essential to be monitored for real-time quality control. The purpose of this work is to automate surveillance and anomaly detection on the screening unit by using artificial vision techniques. Classical and supervised image classification approach has been used based on tree manual descriptors; HOG, SIFT, and LBP combined each with the support vector machine classifier. The evaluation of the three combinations shows that the HOG-SVM combination has the best trade-off between both accuracy and runtime.
磷是一种重要而有限的资源,主要用于生产辅助作物生产的磷肥。从磷矿到磷矿,需要经过选矿过程,以去除磷矿中含有的不必要的矿物,提高矿产品的品位浓度。筛选单元是这一过程中非常重要和关键的一步。然而,在这一阶段,许多功能障碍和异常可能会发生,影响产品的产量和质量。因此,对其进行实时质量控制是必要的。本工作的目的是利用人工视觉技术对筛选单元进行自动化监视和异常检测。基于树形手动描述符的经典和监督图像分类方法得到了应用;HOG、SIFT和LBP分别与支持向量机分类器相结合。对三种组合的评价表明,HOG-SVM组合在准确率和运行时间之间具有最佳的权衡。
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引用次数: 0
State of the art of Fairness, Interpretability and Explainability in Machine Learning: Case of PRIM 机器学习中的公平性、可解释性和可解释性:以PRIM为例
Rym Nassih, A. Berrado
The adoption of complex machine learning (ML) models in recent years has brought along a new challenge related to how to interpret, understand, and explain the reasoning behind these complex models' predictions. Treating complex ML systems as trustworthy black boxes without domain knowledge checking has led to some disastrous outcomes. In this context, interpretability and explainability are often used unintelligibly, and fairness, on the other hand, has become lately popular due to some discrimination problems in ML. While closely related, interpretability and explainability denote different features of prediction. In this sight, the aim of this paper is to give an overview of the interpretability, explainability and the fairness concepts in the literature and to evaluate the performance of the Patient Rule Induction Method (PRIM) concerning these aspects.
近年来,复杂机器学习(ML)模型的采用带来了一个新的挑战,即如何解释、理解和解释这些复杂模型预测背后的原因。将复杂的机器学习系统视为可信赖的黑盒子,而不进行领域知识检查,导致了一些灾难性的后果。在这种情况下,可解释性和可解释性经常被难以理解地使用,另一方面,由于ML中的一些歧视问题,公平性最近变得流行起来。可解释性和可解释性虽然密切相关,但它们代表着预测的不同特征。在这方面,本文的目的是对文献中的可解释性、可解释性和公平性概念进行概述,并评估患者规则归化法(PRIM)在这些方面的表现。
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引用次数: 7
A Frequency-Category Based Feature Selection in Big Data for Text Classification 基于频率分类的大数据文本分类特征选择
Houda Amazal, M. Ramdani, M. Kissi
In big data era, text classification is considered as one of the most important machine learning application domain. However, to build an efficient algorithm for classification, feature selection is a fundamental step to reduce dimensionality, achieve better accuracy and improve time execution. In the literature, most of the feature ranking techniques are document based. The major weakness of this approach is that it favours the terms occurring frequently in the documents and neglects the correlation between the terms and the categories. In this work, unlike the traditional approaches which deal with documents individually, we use mapreduce paradigm to process the documents of each category as a single document. Then, we introduce a parallel frequency-category feature selection method independently of any classifier to select the most relevant features. Experimental results on the 20-Newsgroups dataset showed that our approach improves the classification accuracy to 90.3%. Moreover, the system maintains the simplicity and lower execution time.
在大数据时代,文本分类被认为是机器学习最重要的应用领域之一。然而,要构建高效的分类算法,特征选择是降低维数、提高准确率和提高执行时间的基本步骤。在文献中,大多数特征排序技术都是基于文档的。这种方法的主要缺点是,它偏爱在文件中经常出现的术语,而忽略了术语与类别之间的相关性。在这项工作中,与传统的单独处理文档的方法不同,我们使用mapreduce范式将每个类别的文档作为单个文档进行处理。然后,我们引入了一种独立于任何分类器的并行频率-类别特征选择方法来选择最相关的特征。在20个新闻组数据集上的实验结果表明,我们的方法将分类准确率提高到90.3%。并且保持了系统的简单性和较低的执行时间。
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引用次数: 0
ARG-RPL: Arrangement Graph-, Region-Based Routing Protocol for Internet of Things ARG-RPL:物联网基于区域的排列图路由协议
Abdellatif Serhani, N. Naja, A. Jamali
Internet of Things, is an innovative technology which allows the connection of physical things with the digital world through the use of heterogeneous networks and communication technologies. The Routing Protocol for low power and Lossy networks (RPL) is standardized as a routing protocol for LLNs. However, more and more of experimental results demonstrate that RPL performs poorly in throughput and adaptability to network dynamics. In this study, we applied properties of arrangement graphs to design a newly structured routing protocol, extension of RPL, named as Arrangement Graph based Adaptive routing protocol ARG-RPL that enhances the supports of high throughput, adaptivity and mobility for RPL without any modification or assumption on the OFs. In such protocol, the IDs between the two adjacent nodes differ only one digit and thus, self configuration and self optimization in LLNs networks are easy while keeping the low maintenance cost. Distributed algorithms have been developed, consisting of two stages: initialization stage and reactive routing discovery stage. We implement ARG-RPL on the Contiki operating system, and construct extensive evaluation using a large-scale simulations on Cooja. Analysis of experimental results show that the establishment of the system and the routing processing could achieve better performance than those obtained in the RPL and ER-RPL.
物联网是一种创新技术,它允许通过使用异构网络和通信技术将物理事物与数字世界连接起来。RPL (Routing Protocol for low power and Lossy networks)是一种标准化的lln路由协议。然而,越来越多的实验结果表明,RPL在吞吐量和对网络动态的适应性方面表现不佳。在本研究中,我们利用排列图的特性,设计了一种新的结构化路由协议,作为RPL的扩展,命名为基于排列图的自适应路由协议ARG-RPL,增强了RPL对高吞吐量、自适应和可移动性的支持,而不需要对OFs进行任何修改或假设。在该协议中,相邻两个节点之间的id仅相差一个数字,因此lln网络易于自配置和自优化,同时保持较低的维护成本。分布式路由算法分为初始化阶段和响应式路由发现阶段。我们在Contiki操作系统上实现了ARG-RPL,并在Cooja上使用大规模模拟构建了广泛的评估。实验结果分析表明,该系统的建立和路由处理比RPL和ER-RPL获得了更好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Customer Segmentation With Machine Learning: New Strategy For Targeted Actions 用机器学习进行客户细分:目标行动的新策略
Lahcen Abidar, Dounia Zaidouni, Abdeslam Ennouaary
Customers Segmentation has been a topic of interest for a lot of industry, academics, and marketing leaders. The potential value of a customer to a company can be a core ingredient in decision-making. One of the big challenges in customer-based organizations is customer cognition, understanding the difference between them, and scoring them. But now with all capabilities we have, using new technologies like machine learning algorithm and data treatment we can create a very powerful framework that allow us to best understand customers needs and behaviors, and act appropriately to satisfy their needs. In the present paper, we propose a new model based on RFM model Recency, Frequency, and Monetary and k-mean algorithm to resolve those challenges. This model will allow us to use clustering, scoring, and distribution to have a clear idea about what action we should take to improve customer satisfaction.
客户细分一直是许多行业、学者和营销领导者感兴趣的话题。客户对公司的潜在价值可能是决策的核心因素。在以客户为基础的组织中,最大的挑战之一是客户认知,理解他们之间的差异,并对他们进行评分。但现在,凭借我们拥有的所有能力,使用机器学习算法和数据处理等新技术,我们可以创建一个非常强大的框架,使我们能够最好地了解客户的需求和行为,并采取适当的行动来满足他们的需求。本文提出了一种基于RFM模型(current, Frequency, Monetary)和k-mean算法的模型来解决这些问题。这个模型将允许我们使用聚类、评分和分布来清楚地了解我们应该采取什么行动来提高客户满意度。
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引用次数: 5
ECG-based Arrhythmia Classification & Clinical Suggestions: An Incremental Approach of Hyperparameter Tuning 基于心电图的心律失常分类及临床建议:一种超参数调整的增量方法
M. Serhani, A. Navaz, Hany Al Ashwal, N. Al-Qirim
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the principal cause of death globally. Electrocardiography (ECG) is a widely adopted tool to quantify heart activities to detect any heart abnormalities. Arrhythmia is one of these CVDs that heavily relies on continuous ECG recordings in order to detect and predict irregularities in the heart rhythms. Various Deep Learning (DL) approaches has been heavily used to classify and predict different heart rhythms. However, most of the proposed works do not consider the various hyperparameter optimization and tuning to get the full potential of the DL model and achieve higher accuracy. Besides, very few works implemented the full monitoring cycle and close the loop to propose some clinical and non-clinical recommendations. Therefore, in this paper, we adopt the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model and we apply various parameter optimization to capture various properties of the data, the training, and the model. We also close the monitoring loop and suggest tailored recommendations for each category of arrhythmia that go beyond simple to more deeper diagnosis using the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), and the European Guidelines on CVDs prevention in clinical practice (ESC/EAS 2016). We conducted a set of experiments to evaluate our model and the set of hyperparameter optimization we have experienced and the results we have obtained showed significant improvement in the prediction accuracy after a couple of optimization iterations.
心血管疾病是全球死亡的主要原因。心电图(ECG)是一种被广泛采用的量化心脏活动以检测任何心脏异常的工具。心律失常是一种严重依赖连续心电图记录来检测和预测心律异常的心血管疾病。各种深度学习(DL)方法已被大量用于分类和预测不同的心律。然而,大多数提出的工作没有考虑各种超参数优化和调优,以充分发挥DL模型的潜力并达到更高的精度。此外,很少有作品实施全监测周期和闭环,提出一些临床和非临床建议。因此,在本文中,我们采用卷积神经网络(CNN)模型,并通过各种参数优化来捕获数据、训练和模型的各种属性。我们还关闭了监测循环,并根据全球急性冠状动脉事件登记处(GRACE)和欧洲心血管疾病预防临床指南(ESC/EAS 2016),为每一种心律失常类别提供量身定制的建议,这些建议从简单到更深入的诊断。我们进行了一组实验来评估我们的模型和我们所经历的一组超参数优化,我们得到的结果表明,经过几次优化迭代后,我们的预测精度有了明显的提高。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications
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