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Democracy in the time of social media: towards a standard approach 社交媒体时代的民主:走向标准途径
Abderrazzak cherkaoui, O. Beqqali, Salim Alami
Social network sites (SNS) play a role of paramount importance in the political landscape and influence the elections' outcomes around the world in an enormous way. As cases in point as for these phenomena, the world has witnessed the 2016 US presidential elections, the Brexit referendum, the yellow vests movement in France and the boycott campaign which took place in Morocco two years ago. In this vein, the citizens of all countries, especially the young ones, have been using social media to share and to get political information as well as to express their opinions, trends and contestations relating to economic, social and political issues as the habitual militating's ways are nowadays unable to make the citizen's expectations heard. The contents and networks structure of parties' candidates and politically engaged users have been used by many researchers to extract political insights that could help to understand the political events developments and to predict their results. Our contribution aims to explore the multiple techniques applied by the different approaches, examine their results in terms of accuracy and political insights and suggest a standard approach that will rely on the advantages of these contributions and standardize the processes of extracting and analyzing the political discourse which could help to decipher the enormous democracy's challenges raised by social media.
社交网站(SNS)在政治格局中扮演着至关重要的角色,并以巨大的方式影响着世界各地的选举结果。2016年美国总统大选、英国脱欧公投、法国黄背心运动和两年前摩洛哥的抵制运动都是这些现象的典型例子。在这种情况下,各国公民,特别是年轻人,一直在使用社交媒体来分享和获取政治信息,并表达他们对经济,社会和政治问题的意见,趋势和争论,因为习惯性的军事化方式已经无法让公民的期望被听到。政党候选人和政治参与用户的内容和网络结构已被许多研究人员用来提取政治见解,这有助于理解政治事件的发展并预测其结果。我们的贡献旨在探索不同方法所应用的多种技术,从准确性和政治见解方面检查其结果,并提出一种标准方法,该方法将依赖于这些贡献的优势,并将提取和分析政治话语的过程标准化,这有助于破译社交媒体带来的巨大民主挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Optimized Switch-Controller Association For Data Center 数据中心的优化交换机-控制器关联
Janati Idrissi Mohamed, Mohammed Raiss El-Fenni
Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a new paradigm used in Wide Area Networks and Data Centers. This technology considers two levels: first, the control plane represented by controllers. Those ones are dedicated to the network management and secondly, the data plane devoted to the execution of network functions. Data plane executes the controller instructions and performs routing of packets thanks to switches called forwarding devices. However, the static assignment of switches to controllers may cause problems of network latency resulting from traffic load variations especially in a data center. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on communication between controllers in order to define the total load of the network and balance it among all controllers according to their capacities. For this, we propose an algorithm assigning switches to controllers in an optimal way. Results obtained confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithm in terms of network latency.
软件定义网络(SDN)是应用于广域网和数据中心的一种新模式。该技术考虑了两个层面:第一,由控制器代表的控制平面。数据平面主要用于网络管理,数据平面主要用于网络功能的执行。数据平面执行控制器指令,并通过交换机(称为转发设备)完成数据包的路由。但是,交换机到控制器的静态分配可能会导致网络延迟问题,这是由于流量负载变化引起的,特别是在数据中心。本文提出了一种基于控制器间通信的方法来定义网络的总负载,并根据控制器的容量在所有控制器之间进行平衡。为此,我们提出一种以最优方式将开关分配给控制器的算法。实验结果证实了该算法在网络延迟方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 2
Evaluating Ongoing Decision Support System: A Case Study 评估持续决策支持系统:个案研究
Khaoula Boukhayma, M. Idrissi, Lamia Benhiba
The aim of this paper is to put into practice a framework we proposed in an earlier work for evaluating on-going decision support systems. The framework serves as a base for a method to compute evaluation criteria scores using an AHP model. The paper also illustrates the automation of this method into a tool to enable GASCO company to choose between two already implemented DSSs in order to reduce IT operating cost. The evaluation covers three axes: Process, outcome and decision maker metrics. The results highlight the importance of using users' learning as a measure to determine DSS success.
本文的目的是将我们在早期工作中提出的评估正在进行的决策支持系统的框架付诸实践。该框架作为使用AHP模型计算评估标准分数的方法的基础。本文还说明了将该方法自动化为一种工具,使GASCO公司能够在两个已经实施的DSSs之间进行选择,以降低IT运营成本。评估包括三个方面:过程、结果和决策者指标。研究结果强调了将用户学习作为决策支持系统成功与否的衡量标准的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Smart Energy Management for Fog-Enabled IoT Network 基于雾的物联网智能能源管理
Salah Eddine Essalhi, Mohammed Raiss El-Fenni, H. Chafnaji
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm that continues to stir the curiosity of the scientific community, which has been the subject of several research studies in recent years. Formed by a very large number of connected devices, IoT applications generate a huge amount of data to be processed and analyzed taking into account the constraints of latency and energy. Fog computing has proven to be an efficient way to provide computing, management and storage resources through small distributed data centers located at the edge of the network, as close as possible to end-users and connected devices, offering accordingly reduced latency and energy saving. In this context, energy efficiency is one of the parameters that must be emphasized in order to cope with the increased consumption of energy associated with this gigantic volume of data. The proposed work presents a new approach based on a Fog-IoT architecture with the objective of ensuring smart energy management during communication and processing of offloaded tasks in IoT applications while respecting the latency constraint. Experimental results attests the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of energy efficiency.
物联网(IoT)是一种不断激起科学界好奇心的范式,近年来一直是几项研究的主题。物联网应用由非常多的连接设备组成,在考虑延迟和能量限制的情况下,产生了大量需要处理和分析的数据。雾计算已被证明是通过位于网络边缘的小型分布式数据中心提供计算、管理和存储资源的一种有效方式,这些数据中心尽可能靠近最终用户和连接的设备,从而相应地减少延迟和节能。在这方面,能源效率是必须强调的参数之一,以便处理与这一巨大数据量相关的能源消耗增加。本文提出了一种基于Fog-IoT架构的新方法,旨在确保在物联网应用中通信和卸载任务处理过程中的智能能源管理,同时尊重延迟约束。实验结果证明了该方法在能源效率方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Business Intelligence and SOA Based Architecture for E-government System Interoperability 基于商业智能和SOA的电子政务系统互操作性体系结构
Oumkaltoum Barakat, O. Beqqali
At present, the modernization of public administrations, fostered by technological progress, is leading to a rapid growth in services and information exchange between public administrations (across borders and sectors). Therefore, the heterogeneity and the interoperability of e-government systems represent a real challenges in facilitating these information exchanges, it is then necessary to find a solution to overcome these challenges. The aim of this article is to propose a novel design of government data warehouse based on the ETL process and Service Oriented Architecture. We describe a framework that provides a comprehensive set of interoperability services to help organizations collaborate flexibly and deliver better quality of services.
目前,在技术进步的推动下,公共行政的现代化正在导致公共行政之间(跨国界和跨部门)的服务和信息交流迅速增加。因此,电子政务系统的异构性和互操作性是促进这些信息交换的真正挑战,因此有必要找到克服这些挑战的解决方案。本文的目的是提出一种基于ETL流程和面向服务体系结构的政府数据仓库的新设计。我们描述了一个框架,该框架提供了一组全面的互操作性服务,以帮助组织灵活协作并交付更高质量的服务。
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引用次数: 5
SHAMan 萨满
Sophie Robert, S. Zertal, G. Goret
Like most modern computer systems, High Performance Computing (HPC) machines integrate many highly configurable hardware devices and software components. Finding their optimal parametrization is a complex task, as the size of the parametric space and the non-linear behavior of HPC systems make hand tuning, theoretical modeling or exhaustive sampling unsuitable for most cases. Auto-tuning methods relying on black-box optimization have emerged as a promising solution for finding systems' best parametrization without making any assumption on their behaviors. In this paper, we present the architecture of an auto-tuning framework, called Smart HPC Application MANager (SHAMan), that integrates black-box optimization heuristics to find the optimal parametrization of an Input/Output (I/O) accelerator for a HPC application. We describe the conceptual and technical architecture of the framework and its native support for HPC clusters' ecosystem. We detail in depth the stand-alone optimization engine and its integration as a service provided by a Web application. We deployed and tested the framework by tuning an I/O accelerator developed by the Atos company on a HPC cluster running in production. The tuner's performance is evaluated by optimizing 90 different I/O oriented applications. We show a median improvement of 29% in speed-up compared to the default parametrization and this improvement goes up to 98% for a certain class of applications.
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引用次数: 4
Test Generation Tool for Modified Condition/Decision Coverage: Model Based Testing 用于修改条件/决策覆盖的测试生成工具:基于模型的测试
Mounia Elqortobi, Amine Rahj, J. Bentahar, R. Dssouli
Model-Based Testing (MBT) approaches are becoming an attractive prospect for safety-critical software testing due to their efficiency and the flexibility. Requirements based testing and structural testing are used for safety-critical systems software assessment. Structural testing criteria such as Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC) satisfaction are required by DO-178C standard. Existing tools and techniques use MC/DC coverage criterion on the code. We propose to use model-based testing that integrates several coverage criteria such as du-path and MC/DC to enhance testing efficiency. We propose an approach that starts with requirements modeled as an Extended Finite State Machine (EFSM) that will be transformed into graphs, we add special "coverage element" data structures that are integrated into the different models via graph labeling. The resulting transformation facilitates the traceability of testing information when moving from dataflow testing to control-flow testing and vice versa, therefore making the combination of both approaches efficient for specification structural testing. The process view and the architecture of a supporting tool are given as well as the steps needed to generate MC/DC test sequences.
基于模型的测试(MBT)方法由于其效率和灵活性而成为安全关键软件测试的一个有吸引力的前景。基于需求的测试和结构测试用于安全关键系统软件评估。DO-178C标准要求结构测试标准如MC/DC (Modified Condition/Decision Coverage)的满足。现有的工具和技术在代码上使用MC/DC覆盖标准。我们建议使用基于模型的测试,集成了多个覆盖标准,如双路径和MC/DC,以提高测试效率。我们提出一种方法,将需求建模为扩展有限状态机(EFSM),将其转换为图,我们添加特殊的“覆盖元素”数据结构,通过图标记集成到不同的模型中。当从数据流测试转移到控制流测试时,结果转换促进了测试信息的可追溯性,反之亦然,因此使得两种方法的结合对于规范结构测试来说是有效的。给出了过程视图和支持工具的体系结构,以及生成MC/DC测试序列所需的步骤。
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引用次数: 3
Use of formative assessment to improve the online teaching materials content quality 运用形成性评价提高网络教材内容质量
Maryem Zarqtouni, Adil Haddi, H. Allali
Due to the evolution of new information technologies, several courses have been made available on the web via educational platforms, websites, or educational applications. But there is no follow-up for the detection of faults in these online courses which allows the improvement of their quality. In this study, we used online formative assessment to provide useful information to writers of teaching materials to improve their quality and to identify areas for improvement. Based on the learners' responses, we calculated the failure rate per unit, per question and the frequency of false answers per question, which allowed us to detect faults in course material, and to ensure from the effectiveness of the corrective measures carried out by the teaching materials editors based on the information we have talked about, we calculated the failure rate by version of the teaching materials.
由于新信息技术的发展,一些课程已经通过教育平台、网站或教育应用程序在网络上提供。但是这些在线课程没有对故障的发现进行跟踪,从而无法提高课程的质量。在这项研究中,我们使用在线形成性评估为教材的作者提供有用的信息,以提高他们的质量,并确定需要改进的地方。根据学习者的回答,我们计算出每单元不及格率、每道题不及格率和每道题错误答案的频率,这样我们就可以发现教材中的错误,并且为了保证教材编辑根据我们所讲的信息所采取的纠正措施的有效性,我们按版本计算教材的不及格率。
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引用次数: 3
Self-tuning PID of the Solenoid Response Based on Fiber Squeezer 基于光纤挤压机的电磁阀响应自整定PID
Abdallah Zahidi, S. Amrane, N. Azami, Naoual Nasser
Solenoids, also called electromagnetic actuators driven by nonlinear magnetic forces, are widely used in many applications. Polarization controllers using fiber squeezer are attractive for their low-loss as well as their low-penalty coherent optical fiber trunk system. However, for the polarization controllers using solenoids as actuators, the stability problem due to the saturation of their magnetic circuit must be studied. In fact, in their conventional configuration, the open-loop stability affects performance and limits applications. Moreover, fluctuations on the performance of solenoids are another major problem especially in industrial applications. These fluctuations are essentially owing to changes in the spring constant, the coefficient of friction, the inductance and resistance of the coil. Preventive maintenance by controlling these parameters is necessary to avoid eventual effects of the parameter variations in the responses of these actuators. This paper proposes a new methodology for smart control of the solenoid response by using polarization controllers based on solenoids that are used as mechanical actuators to exert pressure on optical fiber. The pressure induces optical birefringence that modifies polarization of the light. First, the circuit with PID correctors has been suggested to improve stability performance. Then, a simulation is proposed using Matlab-Simulink software to examine the influence of the solenoid parameters on the corrector constants. The results of the simulation show that if the system parameters change the constants Kp, Ki and Kd of the PID corrector must be adjusted to keep an optimized dynamic response.
螺线管,也称为由非线性磁力驱动的电磁致动器,广泛应用于许多领域。采用光纤挤压器的偏振控制器以其低损耗和低惩罚的特性受到广泛的关注。然而,对于采用螺线管作作动器的极化控制器,必须研究其磁路饱和引起的稳定性问题。事实上,在传统配置中,开环稳定性会影响性能并限制应用。此外,螺线管性能的波动是另一个主要问题,特别是在工业应用中。这些波动主要是由于弹簧常数、摩擦系数、线圈的电感和电阻的变化。通过控制这些参数进行预防性维护是必要的,以避免这些执行器响应中参数变化的最终影响。本文提出了一种智能控制螺线管响应的新方法,该方法采用基于螺线管的极化控制器作为机械致动器对光纤施加压力。压力引起光学双折射,从而改变光的偏振。首先,提出了带PID校正器的电路,以提高稳定性能。然后,利用Matlab-Simulink软件进行仿真,考察电磁阀参数对校正常数的影响。仿真结果表明,当系统参数发生变化时,必须调整PID校正器的常数Kp、Ki和Kd以保持最优的动态响应。
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引用次数: 2
Recommender System to Support MOOCs Teachers: Framework based on Ontology and Linked Data 支持mooc教师的推荐系统:基于本体和关联数据的框架
Hanane Sebbaq, N. E. Faddouli, S. Bennani
The proliferation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) has generated conflicting opinions about their quality. In this paper, we aim at improving the quality of MOOCs through assisting teachers and designers from the initiation phase of MOOCs. For this purpose, we propose a recommendation system Framework based on the knowledge about teachers and MOOCs. Our approach aims to overcome the problems of traditional recommendation systems, by using and integrating different techniques: modeling via ontologies, semantic web technologies, extracting and integrating Linked Data from different sources, ontology mapping and semantic similarity measures.
大规模在线开放课程(MOOCs)的激增引发了人们对其质量的不同看法。本文旨在从mooc的启动阶段开始,通过对教师和设计师的帮助,提高mooc的质量。为此,我们提出了一个基于教师知识和mooc知识的推荐系统框架。我们的方法旨在通过使用和集成不同的技术来克服传统推荐系统的问题:通过本体建模、语义web技术、从不同来源提取和集成关联数据、本体映射和语义相似性度量。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications
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