Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910124
A. Stark, L. Correia, S. Salewski, C. Larsen, V. M. Baev, P. Toschek
Summary form only given. We investigate a fibre laser based on a single mode silica fibre, doped with 1000 ppm Tm/sup 3+/. The fibre laser is excited by a laser diode (70 mW at 780 nm), and it includes an intracavity absorption cell filled with air or sample gases. The fibre laser has about 1 mW cw output power, and it call he tuned from 1.7 to 2 /spl mu/m by moving the aspheric lens, which couples the fibre to the output mirror through the absorption cell. For analysis of the laser emission spectrum we built a special rapid scan Fourier spectrometer with 0.015 cm/sup -1/ spectral resolution. Due to strong water vapour absorption near 1.85 /spl mu/m the Tm-doped fibre laser is especially suitable to make a water vapour detector of highest sensitivity.
{"title":"Intracavity absorption spectroscopy from 1.7 to 2 /spl mu/m with thulium-doped fibre laser","authors":"A. Stark, L. Correia, S. Salewski, C. Larsen, V. M. Baev, P. Toschek","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910124","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. We investigate a fibre laser based on a single mode silica fibre, doped with 1000 ppm Tm/sup 3+/. The fibre laser is excited by a laser diode (70 mW at 780 nm), and it includes an intracavity absorption cell filled with air or sample gases. The fibre laser has about 1 mW cw output power, and it call he tuned from 1.7 to 2 /spl mu/m by moving the aspheric lens, which couples the fibre to the output mirror through the absorption cell. For analysis of the laser emission spectrum we built a special rapid scan Fourier spectrometer with 0.015 cm/sup -1/ spectral resolution. Due to strong water vapour absorption near 1.85 /spl mu/m the Tm-doped fibre laser is especially suitable to make a water vapour detector of highest sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126329078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909761
M. Yousefi, O. Andersen, A. Fischer, S. Stolte, D. Lenstra
Summary form only given. The model for studying the dynamics of a diode laser with frequency filtered external optical feedback (FOF) is an extension of the single-mode Lang-Kobayashi rate equations, modified in order to account for a Lorentzian frequency-filter placed in the external system.
{"title":"Modeling of filtered external optical feedback in a semiconductor laser and comparison with experiment","authors":"M. Yousefi, O. Andersen, A. Fischer, S. Stolte, D. Lenstra","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909761","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The model for studying the dynamics of a diode laser with frequency filtered external optical feedback (FOF) is an extension of the single-mode Lang-Kobayashi rate equations, modified in order to account for a Lorentzian frequency-filter placed in the external system.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128019984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910215
R. Massudi, D. Jeannette, M. Piché
Summary form only given. We present experimental results showing that holographic gratings can be used to control the modal content of solid-state lasers. When holographic gratings are inscribed with Gaussian beams, they have the same spatial properties as variable reflectivity mirrors. Simultaneously they can be used as spectral filters, just as ordinary gratings. They can also behave as curved mirrors when the phase front of one writing beams is flat and that of the other is curved. As a result holographic gratings allow one to control the amplitude, phase and frequency distributions of the beam circulating in a laser cavity.
{"title":"Modal control of solid-state lasers with holographic gratings","authors":"R. Massudi, D. Jeannette, M. Piché","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910215","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. We present experimental results showing that holographic gratings can be used to control the modal content of solid-state lasers. When holographic gratings are inscribed with Gaussian beams, they have the same spatial properties as variable reflectivity mirrors. Simultaneously they can be used as spectral filters, just as ordinary gratings. They can also behave as curved mirrors when the phase front of one writing beams is flat and that of the other is curved. As a result holographic gratings allow one to control the amplitude, phase and frequency distributions of the beam circulating in a laser cavity.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128085060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909940
J. Caumes, S. Estival, P. Langot, E. Freysz, L. Videau, C. Rouyer
Summary form only given. Some years ago the potential of increasing the magnitude of /spl chi//sup (3)/ Kerr effect with a combination of cascaded /spl chi//sup (3)/ second order effects (CSOE) mainly due to second harmonic generation (SHG) was discovered. It has recently been shown that the combined processes of optical rectification and linear electro-optical effect lead to a similar phenomenon. Hereafter we evidence in a ZnTe cubic crystal, the temporal behavior and evaluate the amplitudes of both third-order and CSOE contributions to effective nonlinear index of refraction n/sub 2/.
{"title":"Comparison of /spl chi//sup (3)/ and cascaded /spl chi//sup (2)/ contributions to the nonlinear index of refraction of a cubic crystal: Influence of optical rectification","authors":"J. Caumes, S. Estival, P. Langot, E. Freysz, L. Videau, C. Rouyer","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909940","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Some years ago the potential of increasing the magnitude of /spl chi//sup (3)/ Kerr effect with a combination of cascaded /spl chi//sup (3)/ second order effects (CSOE) mainly due to second harmonic generation (SHG) was discovered. It has recently been shown that the combined processes of optical rectification and linear electro-optical effect lead to a similar phenomenon. Hereafter we evidence in a ZnTe cubic crystal, the temporal behavior and evaluate the amplitudes of both third-order and CSOE contributions to effective nonlinear index of refraction n/sub 2/.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121941538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910220
T. Cherezova, S. Chesnokov, L. Kaptsov, V. Samarkin, A. Kudryashov
Summary form only given. The given laser intensity distribution could be formed by different methods - both extracavity and intracavity. The main advantage of the intracavity method is not only the possibility to form the desirable intensity structure but to increase the total power of the laser radiation. One of the well-known approach is to apply graded reflectivity mirrors. But such mirrors introduce sufficient intrinsic power losses and can be used only in lasers with large gain of active medium (mostly with unstable resonators). It was suggested then to extend the same fabrication technology for making graded-phase mirrors which can be used in stable laser cavities for the given intensity output formation. However the main drawback of such mirrors is the rigidity of their surface profile, so every change of laser parameters needs the special mirror to be made and applied. For the purpose of formation of a specified laser output we used an intracavity flexible mirror composed of a semipassive bimorph element, made in IPLIT Russian Academy of Sciences.
{"title":"Active laser resonators - computer simulation and practical realization","authors":"T. Cherezova, S. Chesnokov, L. Kaptsov, V. Samarkin, A. Kudryashov","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910220","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. The given laser intensity distribution could be formed by different methods - both extracavity and intracavity. The main advantage of the intracavity method is not only the possibility to form the desirable intensity structure but to increase the total power of the laser radiation. One of the well-known approach is to apply graded reflectivity mirrors. But such mirrors introduce sufficient intrinsic power losses and can be used only in lasers with large gain of active medium (mostly with unstable resonators). It was suggested then to extend the same fabrication technology for making graded-phase mirrors which can be used in stable laser cavities for the given intensity output formation. However the main drawback of such mirrors is the rigidity of their surface profile, so every change of laser parameters needs the special mirror to be made and applied. For the purpose of formation of a specified laser output we used an intracavity flexible mirror composed of a semipassive bimorph element, made in IPLIT Russian Academy of Sciences.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121454482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910383
D. Kip, C. Herden, M. Wesner
Summary form only given. We investigate the electrical fixing of one- and two-dimensional waveguides in both bulk samples and planar waveguides of strontium-barium niobate (SBN60). Planar waveguides are fabricated by He/sup +/ implantation, resulting in an about 5 /spl mu/m-thin waveguiding layer. Electrical fixing of waveguide channels is achieved as follows. Firstly, all crystals are homogeneously polarized by applying an electric field along the c-axis. After this, the samples are illuminated with focused extraordinarily polarized light (514.5 nm) propagating perpendicular to the c-axis. A typical diameter of the focused beam on the input face is 10 /spl mu/m. Thus the beam diffracts strongly during propagation through the sample. Either a one-dimensionally focused beam (for fixing planar waveguides in bulk samples) or a two-dimensionally focused beam (for fixing channel waveguides in bulk or waveguide samples, respectively) is used. At the same time, the whole crystal is illuminated by an ordinarily polarized background beam from the top. The intensity ratio of focused and background beam is about 100.
只提供摘要形式。我们研究了铌酸锶钡(SBN60)的体样品和平面波导中一维和二维波导的电固定。采用He/sup +/注入法制备平面波导，得到了厚度约为5 /spl μ m /m的波导层。波导通道的电固定实现如下。首先，通过沿c轴施加电场，所有晶体都均匀极化。在此之后，用垂直于c轴传播的聚焦超偏振光(514.5 nm)照射样品。输入面上聚焦光束的典型直径为10 /spl mu/m。因此，光束在通过样品的传播过程中发生强烈的衍射。使用一维聚焦光束(用于固定块状样品中的平面波导)或二维聚焦光束(分别用于固定块状或波导样品中的通道波导)。同时，整个晶体被来自顶部的普通偏振背景光束照亮。聚焦光束与背景光束的强度比约为100。
{"title":"Electrical fixing of waveguide channels using dynamic self-focusing in strontium-barium niobate crystals","authors":"D. Kip, C. Herden, M. Wesner","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910383","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. We investigate the electrical fixing of one- and two-dimensional waveguides in both bulk samples and planar waveguides of strontium-barium niobate (SBN60). Planar waveguides are fabricated by He/sup +/ implantation, resulting in an about 5 /spl mu/m-thin waveguiding layer. Electrical fixing of waveguide channels is achieved as follows. Firstly, all crystals are homogeneously polarized by applying an electric field along the c-axis. After this, the samples are illuminated with focused extraordinarily polarized light (514.5 nm) propagating perpendicular to the c-axis. A typical diameter of the focused beam on the input face is 10 /spl mu/m. Thus the beam diffracts strongly during propagation through the sample. Either a one-dimensionally focused beam (for fixing planar waveguides in bulk samples) or a two-dimensionally focused beam (for fixing channel waveguides in bulk or waveguide samples, respectively) is used. At the same time, the whole crystal is illuminated by an ordinarily polarized background beam from the top. The intensity ratio of focused and background beam is about 100.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115819741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909713
P. Psyllaki, P. Pasquet, P. Meja, R. Oltra, M. Autric
Summary form only. In the present work, the effects of nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation on oxidised steel surfaces were investigated, in order to estimate the possibility of using laser techniques for cleaning applications. During high temperature oxidation, the oxide layer developed on the surface of pure Fe consisted of two successive layers: a 20 nm-thick Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and a 1000 nm-thick Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ ones. In the case of the stainless steel containing 18% Cr, the surface layer was consisted of Cr-oxide; whilst in the case of the steel containing 15% Cr and 6% Al, it consisted mainly of Al-oxide. Both oxide layers presented a sub-micron thickness For the purpose of this work, a Nd:YAG laser, emitting at 1064 and 532 nm, with a FWHM pulse of 145 ns, was used. The influence of the wavelength, the energy density, the number of pulses and the cathodic polarisation of the metallic sample, on the removal mechanisms and the cleaning efficiency of the technique was investigated.
{"title":"Laser cleaning of steels after high temperature oxidation","authors":"P. Psyllaki, P. Pasquet, P. Meja, R. Oltra, M. Autric","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909713","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only. In the present work, the effects of nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation on oxidised steel surfaces were investigated, in order to estimate the possibility of using laser techniques for cleaning applications. During high temperature oxidation, the oxide layer developed on the surface of pure Fe consisted of two successive layers: a 20 nm-thick Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and a 1000 nm-thick Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ ones. In the case of the stainless steel containing 18% Cr, the surface layer was consisted of Cr-oxide; whilst in the case of the steel containing 15% Cr and 6% Al, it consisted mainly of Al-oxide. Both oxide layers presented a sub-micron thickness For the purpose of this work, a Nd:YAG laser, emitting at 1064 and 532 nm, with a FWHM pulse of 145 ns, was used. The influence of the wavelength, the energy density, the number of pulses and the cathodic polarisation of the metallic sample, on the removal mechanisms and the cleaning efficiency of the technique was investigated.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"357 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115857734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910236
H. Michinel, J. Campo-Taboas, M. Quiroga-Teixeiro
Summary form only given. We analyse numerically, the propagation of a light condensate through a bulk PTS-like nonlinear optical material in the presence of boundary conditions and localised inhomogeneities. The propagation equation for the above waveguide in the paraxial regime is a generalised nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE), including cubic-quintic terms and the effect of boundaries or localised inhomogeneities.
{"title":"Liquid light states?","authors":"H. Michinel, J. Campo-Taboas, M. Quiroga-Teixeiro","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910236","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. We analyse numerically, the propagation of a light condensate through a bulk PTS-like nonlinear optical material in the presence of boundary conditions and localised inhomogeneities. The propagation equation for the above waveguide in the paraxial regime is a generalised nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE), including cubic-quintic terms and the effect of boundaries or localised inhomogeneities.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"203 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115902622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910289
R. Hulsewede, J. Sebastian, H. Wenzel
Summary form only given. High power broad area (BA) laser diodes emitting at a wavelength of about 800 nm are key elements for laser technologies in pumping of solid state lasers and medical applications. For most applications, it is useful to diminish the vertical beam divergence. In this paper, this is realised by increasing the vertical spot size at the laser facet by widening the large optical cavity (LOC) structure for AlGaAs-GaAsP broad area laser diodes. The beam quality in vertical and lateral direction as well as the high power and aging behaviour are discussed, which are essential for laser applications.
{"title":"High power AlGaAs/GaAsP-broad area laser diodes with 1 /spl mu/m- and 2 /spl mu/m large optical cavity structures","authors":"R. Hulsewede, J. Sebastian, H. Wenzel","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910289","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. High power broad area (BA) laser diodes emitting at a wavelength of about 800 nm are key elements for laser technologies in pumping of solid state lasers and medical applications. For most applications, it is useful to diminish the vertical beam divergence. In this paper, this is realised by increasing the vertical spot size at the laser facet by widening the large optical cavity (LOC) structure for AlGaAs-GaAsP broad area laser diodes. The beam quality in vertical and lateral direction as well as the high power and aging behaviour are discussed, which are essential for laser applications.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"44 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132530362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909764
O. Albert, H.-W. Wang, D. Liu, G. Mourou, Z. Chang
Summary form only given. Ultrahigh focused intensities (>10/sup 18/ W/cm/sup 2/) is very important for high field physics studies at the relativistic regime. Very small number optics must be used for focusing of kHz laser pulses. However, the focused intensity is limited by the aberration of the optics and the wavefront distortion of the laser system. The laser we used is a home-built 1 kHz Ti:sapphlre laser system. The oscillator of the laser generates broadband femtosecond pulses (120 nm FWHM).
{"title":"Producing focused intensity of 3/spl times/10/sup 18/ W/cm/sup 2/ with a 1 kHz laser","authors":"O. Albert, H.-W. Wang, D. Liu, G. Mourou, Z. Chang","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909764","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Ultrahigh focused intensities (>10/sup 18/ W/cm/sup 2/) is very important for high field physics studies at the relativistic regime. Very small number optics must be used for focusing of kHz laser pulses. However, the focused intensity is limited by the aberration of the optics and the wavefront distortion of the laser system. The laser we used is a home-built 1 kHz Ti:sapphlre laser system. The oscillator of the laser generates broadband femtosecond pulses (120 nm FWHM).","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132555132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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