Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910191
J. Huignard, A. Brignon
Summary form only. The availability of high power laser diodes leads to new generation of all solid state lasers including new configurations of diode pumping to increase the laser efficiency and extract much higher energy or average power from the amplifying medium. However, high power pumping brings thermal loading which induces stress birefringence and spatial aberrations. These thermal effects corrupt the laser brightness and therefore induce a degradation of the spatial beam profile.
{"title":"Advances in solid state lasers with nonlinear phase conjugate mirrors","authors":"J. Huignard, A. Brignon","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910191","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only. The availability of high power laser diodes leads to new generation of all solid state lasers including new configurations of diode pumping to increase the laser efficiency and extract much higher energy or average power from the amplifying medium. However, high power pumping brings thermal loading which induces stress birefringence and spatial aberrations. These thermal effects corrupt the laser brightness and therefore induce a degradation of the spatial beam profile.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134429779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909913
N. Bellu, G. Perrone, I. Montrosset
Summary form only given. Acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) on LiNbO/sub 3/ substrates have attracted considerable attention among the components for WDM communication systems for their broad tuning range together with a fast tuning speed. The typical device structure we consider acts as an add-drop filter thanks to the acousto-optic interaction that converts the polarization of one of the WDM input channels. The AOTF characteristic parameters are the conversion efficiency, which depends mainly on the modal converter performances, and the notch peak value which depends also on the extinction ratio of the input and output polarization splitters and on the cross-talk effects between the two adjacent AO polarization converters.
{"title":"Aecurate modeling of the cross-talk effects in integrated acousto-optic tunable filters","authors":"N. Bellu, G. Perrone, I. Montrosset","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909913","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) on LiNbO/sub 3/ substrates have attracted considerable attention among the components for WDM communication systems for their broad tuning range together with a fast tuning speed. The typical device structure we consider acts as an add-drop filter thanks to the acousto-optic interaction that converts the polarization of one of the WDM input channels. The AOTF characteristic parameters are the conversion efficiency, which depends mainly on the modal converter performances, and the notch peak value which depends also on the extinction ratio of the input and output polarization splitters and on the cross-talk effects between the two adjacent AO polarization converters.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133980222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909675
S. Feng, Yen-Sheng Lin, C. Liao, K. Ma, C.C. Yanel, Chang-Cheng Chou, Chia-Ming Lee, J. Chyi
Summary form only given. Indium compositional fluctuations in InGaN are crucially important for efficient light emission in such compounds. It was claimed that the quantum-dot-like InGaN aggregations trapped carriers for radiative recombination before they were trapped by defects for nonradiative recombination. This argument explained the efficient light emission in a compound of high defect density. In this paper, we report the results of photoluminescence (PL), stimulated emission (SE), X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution tunneling electron microscopy on InGaN/GaN quantum well structures grown with MOCVD. In material analyses, we observed clear indium aggregation and phase separation structures. With a higher nominal indium content, the indium composition fluctuation becomes more prominent. In optical measurements, we observed the S-shape PL peak variation as a function of temperature. The turning points of the S-shape variation relies on the nominal indium content. Meanwhile, we observed a two-peak feature in the SE spectra. The short- and long-wavelength peaks correspond to the carrier recombination of free-carrier states and localized states.
{"title":"Optical and material studies of indium compositional fluctuations in InGaN/GaN quantum well structures","authors":"S. Feng, Yen-Sheng Lin, C. Liao, K. Ma, C.C. Yanel, Chang-Cheng Chou, Chia-Ming Lee, J. Chyi","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909675","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Indium compositional fluctuations in InGaN are crucially important for efficient light emission in such compounds. It was claimed that the quantum-dot-like InGaN aggregations trapped carriers for radiative recombination before they were trapped by defects for nonradiative recombination. This argument explained the efficient light emission in a compound of high defect density. In this paper, we report the results of photoluminescence (PL), stimulated emission (SE), X-ray diffraction, and high-resolution tunneling electron microscopy on InGaN/GaN quantum well structures grown with MOCVD. In material analyses, we observed clear indium aggregation and phase separation structures. With a higher nominal indium content, the indium composition fluctuation becomes more prominent. In optical measurements, we observed the S-shape PL peak variation as a function of temperature. The turning points of the S-shape variation relies on the nominal indium content. Meanwhile, we observed a two-peak feature in the SE spectra. The short- and long-wavelength peaks correspond to the carrier recombination of free-carrier states and localized states.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130822753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910336
D. Shaddock, M. Gray, B. Slagmolen, D. McClelland
Summary form only given. Tilt locking is a simple technique providing an error signal for locking a laser to a Fabry-Perot cavity. This technique, utilizes a misalignment of the laser with respect to the cavity to produce a non-resonant spatial mode. By observing the interference between the carrier and the spatial mode on a two element photodiode, a high sensitivity frequency discriminator can be obtained. Tilt locking offers a number of potential benefits over existing locking schemes including low cost, high sensitivity and simple implementation. We present recent results for locking two Nd:YAG lasers to a single cavity.
{"title":"Tilt locking: a new technique for locking a laser to an optical cavity","authors":"D. Shaddock, M. Gray, B. Slagmolen, D. McClelland","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910336","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Tilt locking is a simple technique providing an error signal for locking a laser to a Fabry-Perot cavity. This technique, utilizes a misalignment of the laser with respect to the cavity to produce a non-resonant spatial mode. By observing the interference between the carrier and the spatial mode on a two element photodiode, a high sensitivity frequency discriminator can be obtained. Tilt locking offers a number of potential benefits over existing locking schemes including low cost, high sensitivity and simple implementation. We present recent results for locking two Nd:YAG lasers to a single cavity.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131097686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909996
S. Ito, T. Miura, Z. Zhang, A. Endo, K. Tbrizuka
Summary form only. The seed pulses from a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator are stretched to about 400 ps and injected to the regenerative amplifier. The regenerative amplifier consists of a z-folded cavity and uses a Brewster-cut, 10 mm long Ti:sapphire crystal. The crystal is pumped with a frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The resonator of the regenerative amplifier is designed to be dynamically stable against thermal lens fluctuations, and can be obtained the large-diameter TEM/sub 00/ mode.
{"title":"High-power Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier operating at 50 Hz with high beam quality","authors":"S. Ito, T. Miura, Z. Zhang, A. Endo, K. Tbrizuka","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909996","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only. The seed pulses from a self-mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator are stretched to about 400 ps and injected to the regenerative amplifier. The regenerative amplifier consists of a z-folded cavity and uses a Brewster-cut, 10 mm long Ti:sapphire crystal. The crystal is pumped with a frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The resonator of the regenerative amplifier is designed to be dynamically stable against thermal lens fluctuations, and can be obtained the large-diameter TEM/sub 00/ mode.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131216649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910079
Y. Ohmachi, T. Yanagisawa, M. Hayakawa, E. Higurashi
Summary form only. Optical tweezers can be used to rotate micro-objects with artificial non-symmetrical structures. In this paper we present detailed behavior of single beam rotational manipulation of a cross-type rotator. In our numerical model. the rotator (polyimide) is suspended in liquid (ethanol) and subjected to a strongly focused fundamental TEM/sub 00/ Gaussian laser beam. A schematic illustration of the rotator showing its placement in a single-beam gradient-force optical trap is shown.
{"title":"Optical forces on micrometer-sized cross-type rotator held by optical tweezers","authors":"Y. Ohmachi, T. Yanagisawa, M. Hayakawa, E. Higurashi","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910079","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only. Optical tweezers can be used to rotate micro-objects with artificial non-symmetrical structures. In this paper we present detailed behavior of single beam rotational manipulation of a cross-type rotator. In our numerical model. the rotator (polyimide) is suspended in liquid (ethanol) and subjected to a strongly focused fundamental TEM/sub 00/ Gaussian laser beam. A schematic illustration of the rotator showing its placement in a single-beam gradient-force optical trap is shown.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131257205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909833
A. F. Glova, E. Lebedev, A. Lysikov, S.B. Shchetnikov
Summary form only. Radiation parameters of 2D-arrays of waveguide CO/sub 2/-lasers synchronised by in-cavity spatial filter method are investigated. The dependencies for phase-locking efficiency and for axial brightness of far-field array radiation rationed to maximal value versus of number N of single lasers in an array, filter parameters and conditions of excitation are received. For all N phase-locking efficiency decreases if filter transparency also decreases because of increasing influences of additional filter introduced cavity radiation losses.
{"title":"The arrays of phase-locked lasers","authors":"A. F. Glova, E. Lebedev, A. Lysikov, S.B. Shchetnikov","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909833","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only. Radiation parameters of 2D-arrays of waveguide CO/sub 2/-lasers synchronised by in-cavity spatial filter method are investigated. The dependencies for phase-locking efficiency and for axial brightness of far-field array radiation rationed to maximal value versus of number N of single lasers in an array, filter parameters and conditions of excitation are received. For all N phase-locking efficiency decreases if filter transparency also decreases because of increasing influences of additional filter introduced cavity radiation losses.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133439368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910224
J. M. Chavez Boggio, S. Tenenbaum, A. Guimaraes, H. Fragnito
Summary form only given. We report on the observation of a dip in the optical noise spectrum induced by a laser (frequency /spl omega//sub 1/). The dip occurs always at the frequency /spl omega//sub d/=2/spl omega//sub 0/-/spl omega//sub 1/, where /spl omega//sub 0/=2/spl pi/c//spl lambda//sub 0/ and /spl lambda//sub 0/ is the zero dispersion wavelength of the fiber, whenever the input noise power is high. For these measurements we used a tunable laser diode amplified by an erbium amplifier to 17.5 dBm and a 25 ion long dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) with measured /spl lambda//sub 0/=1551.3 nm. We show the input and output spectra with the laser tuned to four different wavelengths (the side lobes around the laser spectrum are due to the modulation instability effect). Since /spl omega//sub d/ mirrors the laser frequency relative to /spl omega//sub 0/, i.e., /spl omega//sub 0/=(/spl omega//sub d/+/spl omega//sub 1/)/2, one can use this effect as a fast and simple method to determine /spl lambda//sub 0/. We observed a dip in the noise spectrum and explained it as a FWM process involving annihilation of two input photons from noise. This effect can be used as a simple method to determine the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fibers.
{"title":"Observation of a dip in the spectrum of noise after propagation in an optical fiber","authors":"J. M. Chavez Boggio, S. Tenenbaum, A. Guimaraes, H. Fragnito","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.910224","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. We report on the observation of a dip in the optical noise spectrum induced by a laser (frequency /spl omega//sub 1/). The dip occurs always at the frequency /spl omega//sub d/=2/spl omega//sub 0/-/spl omega//sub 1/, where /spl omega//sub 0/=2/spl pi/c//spl lambda//sub 0/ and /spl lambda//sub 0/ is the zero dispersion wavelength of the fiber, whenever the input noise power is high. For these measurements we used a tunable laser diode amplified by an erbium amplifier to 17.5 dBm and a 25 ion long dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) with measured /spl lambda//sub 0/=1551.3 nm. We show the input and output spectra with the laser tuned to four different wavelengths (the side lobes around the laser spectrum are due to the modulation instability effect). Since /spl omega//sub d/ mirrors the laser frequency relative to /spl omega//sub 0/, i.e., /spl omega//sub 0/=(/spl omega//sub d/+/spl omega//sub 1/)/2, one can use this effect as a fast and simple method to determine /spl lambda//sub 0/. We observed a dip in the noise spectrum and explained it as a FWM process involving annihilation of two input photons from noise. This effect can be used as a simple method to determine the zero-dispersion wavelength of optical fibers.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133654669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909755
S. N. Bagayev, S. Vatnik, A. P. Majorov, A.A. Pavlujk
Summary form only given. Spectroscopic measurements and a study of laser operation of monoclinic crystals KY(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/:Tm and KYb(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/:Tm have been performed. Under laser pumping of 800 nm, the room temperature threshold of 70 mW and slope efficiency of 45 percent have been demonstrated for a 1 mm thick crystal plate of KY(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/:Tm. Preliminary results show that the tuning range may extend over /spl sim/1850 to /spl sim/1950 nm. The most important results of our study (the lifetime of 3F4 manifold /spl tau//sub 2/ the peak emission cross-section /spl sigma//sub eff//sup max/, the upconversion coefficient k/sub /spl Sigma/Tm,/ the saturation intensity l/sub 0/ and others) are summarized for the same values of that of the well studied Tm:YAG crystals.
{"title":"Spectroscopy, gain and laser operation of Tm-doped monoclinic crystals KY(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/ and KYb(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/","authors":"S. N. Bagayev, S. Vatnik, A. P. Majorov, A.A. Pavlujk","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909755","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Spectroscopic measurements and a study of laser operation of monoclinic crystals KY(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/:Tm and KYb(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/:Tm have been performed. Under laser pumping of 800 nm, the room temperature threshold of 70 mW and slope efficiency of 45 percent have been demonstrated for a 1 mm thick crystal plate of KY(WO/sub 4/)/sub 2/:Tm. Preliminary results show that the tuning range may extend over /spl sim/1850 to /spl sim/1950 nm. The most important results of our study (the lifetime of 3F4 manifold /spl tau//sub 2/ the peak emission cross-section /spl sigma//sub eff//sup max/, the upconversion coefficient k/sub /spl Sigma/Tm,/ the saturation intensity l/sub 0/ and others) are summarized for the same values of that of the well studied Tm:YAG crystals.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133659903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-09-10DOI: 10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909903
N. Korneev
Summary form only given. Photorefractive ferroelectrics have quite strong anisotropy of photocurrent. In barium titanate the typical ratio between conductivities in a- and c-directions is 14-20:1. In strontium barium niobate (SBN) this ratio is 1:3, ie. in this crystal the conductivity is higher along the c-axis, whereas in BaTiO/sub 3/ it is higher along the a-axis. Previous analysis of circular beam self-focusing (2D screening solitons) was not taking this factor into account. We demonstrate numerically that the existing anisotropy can dramatically affect the shape of self-focused beam.
{"title":"Influence of current anisotropy on self-focusing in photorefractive crystals","authors":"N. Korneev","doi":"10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOE.2000.909903","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Photorefractive ferroelectrics have quite strong anisotropy of photocurrent. In barium titanate the typical ratio between conductivities in a- and c-directions is 14-20:1. In strontium barium niobate (SBN) this ratio is 1:3, ie. in this crystal the conductivity is higher along the c-axis, whereas in BaTiO/sub 3/ it is higher along the a-axis. Previous analysis of circular beam self-focusing (2D screening solitons) was not taking this factor into account. We demonstrate numerically that the existing anisotropy can dramatically affect the shape of self-focused beam.","PeriodicalId":250878,"journal":{"name":"Conference Digest. 2000 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (Cat. No.00TH8505)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132386730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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