Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00027
V. Marchi, E. Maria, Aarti Krishnan, S. Ponte, S. Barrientos
Responding to stakeholder pressure, firms are increasingly challenged to reduce their environmental impacts. This chapter reviews the potential upgrading trajectories for firms engaged in global value chains (GVCs) to effectively reduce the impacts on the environment of all activities linked to their products - not just those that are carried out in house - and the major drivers of these investments. We also examine the role of global lead firms in fostering the greening of GVCs and the different governing approaches that they have adopted. Furthermore, we look at different forms of supplier agency in these processes, both in the Global North and the Global South. Finally, we identify the key challenges related to the reduction of environmental impacts along GVCs and discuss limits and opportunities for the joint achievement of economic and environmental outcomes.
{"title":"Environmental upgrading in global value chains","authors":"V. Marchi, E. Maria, Aarti Krishnan, S. Ponte, S. Barrientos","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00027","url":null,"abstract":"Responding to stakeholder pressure, firms are increasingly challenged to reduce their environmental impacts. This chapter reviews the potential upgrading trajectories for firms engaged in global value chains (GVCs) to effectively reduce the impacts on the environment of all activities linked to their products - not just those that are carried out in house - and the major drivers of these investments. We also examine the role of global lead firms in fostering the greening of GVCs and the different governing approaches that they have adopted. Furthermore, we look at different forms of supplier agency in these processes, both in the Global North and the Global South. Finally, we identify the key challenges related to the reduction of environmental impacts along GVCs and discuss limits and opportunities for the joint achievement of economic and environmental outcomes.","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"11 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114136000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00032
Rasmus Lema, C. Pietrobelli, Roberta Rabellotti
Developing countries are faced with significant challenges related to building and deepening their innovation capabilities. In this chapter, we focus on innovation in global value chains and on the role that such chains play in building and deepening capability. We also focus on the trajectories along which firms, once inserted into global value chains and located in developing countries, acquire or lose innovation capability. To do so, we bring together the global value chains and innovation systems approaches. Our key arguments are that global value chains interact with innovation systems in multiple ways and that these interactions have important implications for the speed, depth, and overall quality of capability building in developing-country firms. We outline five innovation capability trajectories and show how capability building at the firm level interrelates with the various ways in which global value chains and innovation systems co-evolve.
{"title":"Innovation in global value chains","authors":"Rasmus Lema, C. Pietrobelli, Roberta Rabellotti","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00032","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries are faced with significant challenges related to building and deepening their innovation capabilities. In this chapter, we focus on innovation in global value chains and on the role that such chains play in building and deepening capability. We also focus on the trajectories along which firms, once inserted into global value chains and located in developing countries, acquire or lose innovation capability. To do so, we bring together the global value chains and innovation systems approaches. Our key arguments are that global value chains interact with innovation systems in multiple ways and that these interactions have important implications for the speed, depth, and overall quality of capability building in developing-country firms. We outline five innovation capability trajectories and show how capability building at the firm level interrelates with the various ways in which global value chains and innovation systems co-evolve.","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"229 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122119088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00045
F. Mayer, G. Gereffi
{"title":"International development organizations and global value chains","authors":"F. Mayer, G. Gereffi","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130479983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00022
G. Gereffi
{"title":"Economic upgrading in global value chains","authors":"G. Gereffi","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128685945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00034
E. Maria, V. Marchi, G. Gereffi
{"title":"Local clusters and global value chains","authors":"E. Maria, V. Marchi, G. Gereffi","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129858777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00005
S. Ponte, G. Gereffi, Gale Raj‐Reichert
Technological and organizational changes have been crucial in transforming the way in which production is organized across time and space. The steam engine in the nineteenth century made transportation and manufacturing economical in ways that allowed the spatial separation of production from consumption (Baldwin, 2016). Although for much of the twentieth century production remained organized along vertically integrated firms, by the late 1970s a more flexible and spatially dispersed mode of production had taken hold based on slicing production into specific tasks and moving some of these out of the boundary of the firm through external contracting (Piore and Sabel, 1984). Information and communication technology (ICT) in the latter part of the twentieth century further facilitated the global outsourcing and offshoring of manufacturing activities (Dicken, 2007). This has led to the organization of economic activity in global value chains (GVCs) that are dispersed globally but governed centrally by ‘lead firms’ (Gereffi, 1994b; Gereffi, Humphrey and Sturgeon, 2005; Gibbon and Ponte, 2005; Bair, 2009a; Cattaneo, Gereffi and Staritz, 2010; Ponte and Sturgeon, 2014). The term ‘global value chain’ refers to the full range of activities that firms, farmers and workers carry out to bring a product or service from its conception to its end use, recycling or reuse. These activities include design, production, processing, assembly, distribution, maintenance and repair, disposal/recycling, marketing, finance and consumer services. In a ‘global’ value chain, these functions are distributed among many firms scattered around the world. In this context, ‘lead firms’ are groups of firms that operate at particular functional positions along the chain. Lead firms are able to shape what is done and by whom along the chain, at what price, using what standards, to which specifications and at what point in time they are delivered (Humphrey and Schmitz, 2001; Gereffi et al., 2005; Ponte and Sturgeon, 2014). GVC governance, therefore, is the set of concrete practices and organizational forms through which a specific division of labour between lead firms and other actors arise and is managed (Gibbon, Bair and Ponte, 2008). Understanding the changing dynamics of the global economy requires knowledge of how GVCs are governed and what distributional effects arise from different governance forms. The concept of GVC governance is based on the observation that value chains are rarely coordinated spontaneously through market exchange (Gereffi, 1994b; Gereffi et al., 2005; Gibbon et al., 2008). Instead, they are governed as a result of strategies and decision making by specific actors, usually large firms that manage access to final markets globally, but also at regional and national and local levels. In deciding how to manage trade and production networks in global industries, lead firms are faced with a number of choices. First, whether to make parts and components or provide
技术和组织变革对于改变跨时间和空间组织生产的方式至关重要。19世纪的蒸汽机使运输和制造业变得经济，使生产和消费在空间上分离(Baldwin, 2016)。尽管在20世纪的大部分时间里，生产仍然是由垂直整合的公司组织起来的，但到20世纪70年代末，一种更加灵活和空间分散的生产模式已经形成，这种模式将生产分成特定的任务，并通过外部合同将其中一些任务移出公司的边界(Piore和Sabel, 1984)。信息和通信技术(ICT)在20世纪后半叶进一步促进了全球外包和离岸制造活动(Dicken, 2007)。这导致了全球价值链(GVCs)中经济活动的组织，这些价值链分散在全球，但由“领导公司”集中管理(Gereffi, 1994b;Gereffi, Humphrey and Sturgeon, 2005;Gibbon and Ponte, 2005;贝尔,2009;Cattaneo, Gereffi and Staritz, 2010;庞特和斯特金，2014)。“全球价值链”一词指的是企业、农民和工人将产品或服务从概念到最终使用、回收或再利用所进行的一系列活动。这些活动包括设计、生产、加工、装配、分销、维护和修理、处置/回收、营销、财务和消费者服务。在“全球”价值链中，这些功能分布在世界各地的许多公司中。在这种情况下，“领先企业”是指在供应链上的特定职能位置上运营的企业集团。领先企业能够决定在供应链上由谁、以什么价格、使用什么标准、按照什么规格以及在什么时间点交付(Humphrey and Schmitz, 2001;Gereffi et al.， 2005;庞特和斯特金，2014)。因此，全球价值链治理是一套具体的实践和组织形式，通过这些实践和组织形式，领导企业和其他参与者之间产生并管理特定的劳动分工(Gibbon, Bair和Ponte, 2008)。要理解全球经济不断变化的动态，需要了解全球价值链是如何治理的，以及不同治理形式产生的分配效应。全球价值链治理的概念是基于这样的观察，即价值链很少通过市场交换自发协调(Gereffi, 1994b;Gereffi et al.， 2005;Gibbon et al.， 2008)。相反，它们是由特定行为者的战略和决策所管理的，这些行为者通常是管理进入全球最终市场的大公司，但也在区域、国家和地方各级。在决定如何管理全球工业中的贸易和生产网络时，领先企业面临着许多选择。首先，是在内部制造零部件或提供特定服务，还是在市场上采购，还是采用涉及与供应商建立各种长期外包关系的混合解决方案。第二，如果他们决定外包
{"title":"Introduction to the Handbook on Global Value Chains","authors":"S. Ponte, G. Gereffi, Gale Raj‐Reichert","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00005","url":null,"abstract":"Technological and organizational changes have been crucial in transforming the way in which production is organized across time and space. The steam engine in the nineteenth century made transportation and manufacturing economical in ways that allowed the spatial separation of production from consumption (Baldwin, 2016). Although for much of the twentieth century production remained organized along vertically integrated firms, by the late 1970s a more flexible and spatially dispersed mode of production had taken hold based on slicing production into specific tasks and moving some of these out of the boundary of the firm through external contracting (Piore and Sabel, 1984). Information and communication technology (ICT) in the latter part of the twentieth century further facilitated the global outsourcing and offshoring of manufacturing activities (Dicken, 2007). This has led to the organization of economic activity in global value chains (GVCs) that are dispersed globally but governed centrally by ‘lead firms’ (Gereffi, 1994b; Gereffi, Humphrey and Sturgeon, 2005; Gibbon and Ponte, 2005; Bair, 2009a; Cattaneo, Gereffi and Staritz, 2010; Ponte and Sturgeon, 2014). The term ‘global value chain’ refers to the full range of activities that firms, farmers and workers carry out to bring a product or service from its conception to its end use, recycling or reuse. These activities include design, production, processing, assembly, distribution, maintenance and repair, disposal/recycling, marketing, finance and consumer services. In a ‘global’ value chain, these functions are distributed among many firms scattered around the world. In this context, ‘lead firms’ are groups of firms that operate at particular functional positions along the chain. Lead firms are able to shape what is done and by whom along the chain, at what price, using what standards, to which specifications and at what point in time they are delivered (Humphrey and Schmitz, 2001; Gereffi et al., 2005; Ponte and Sturgeon, 2014). GVC governance, therefore, is the set of concrete practices and organizational forms through which a specific division of labour between lead firms and other actors arise and is managed (Gibbon, Bair and Ponte, 2008). Understanding the changing dynamics of the global economy requires knowledge of how GVCs are governed and what distributional effects arise from different governance forms. The concept of GVC governance is based on the observation that value chains are rarely coordinated spontaneously through market exchange (Gereffi, 1994b; Gereffi et al., 2005; Gibbon et al., 2008). Instead, they are governed as a result of strategies and decision making by specific actors, usually large firms that manage access to final markets globally, but also at regional and national and local levels. In deciding how to manage trade and production networks in global industries, lead firms are faced with a number of choices. First, whether to make parts and components or provide ","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132137858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00044
R. Horner, M. Alford
While understanding the influence of private governance through global lead firms has been a defining feature of global value chain (GVC) analysis, the state has often been implicitly observed as part of the broader institutional context shaping GVCs. More recently, however, the state–GVC nexus has attracted more explicit attention. Drawing on insights from GVC research, this paper highlights four roles of the state within GVCs – as facilitator, regulator, producer and buyer – and outlines key issues on the research agenda in relation to each role. While the facilitator role has received considerable attention and the regulator role is a growing focus, those of producer and buyer are relatively underexplored. The paper concludes that the contemporary reformulation of economic globalisation means the state–GVC nexus is, and will continue to be, especially significant in shaping development outcomes.
{"title":"The roles of the state in global value chains","authors":"R. Horner, M. Alford","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00044","url":null,"abstract":"While understanding the influence of private governance through global lead firms has been a defining feature of global value chain (GVC) analysis, the state has often been implicitly observed as part of the broader institutional context shaping GVCs. More recently, however, the state–GVC nexus has attracted more explicit attention. Drawing on insights from GVC research, this paper highlights four roles of the state within GVCs – as facilitator, regulator, producer and buyer – and outlines key issues on the research agenda in relation to each role. While the facilitator role has received considerable attention and the regulator role is a growing focus, those of producer and buyer are relatively underexplored. The paper concludes that the contemporary reformulation of economic globalisation means the state–GVC nexus is, and will continue to be, especially significant in shaping development outcomes.","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125320732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00010
Matthew C. Mahutga
{"title":"Global value chains and quantitative macro-comparative sociology","authors":"Matthew C. Mahutga","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128025668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00013
S. Ponte, T. Sturgeon, M. Dallas
{"title":"Governance and power in global value chains","authors":"S. Ponte, T. Sturgeon, M. Dallas","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114413865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.4337/9781788113779.00039
P. Bamber, Karina Fernández-Stark
{"title":"GVCs and development: policy formulation for economic and social upgrading","authors":"P. Bamber, Karina Fernández-Stark","doi":"10.4337/9781788113779.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788113779.00039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":250962,"journal":{"name":"Handbook on Global Value Chains","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114582128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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